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    Lattice Planes and Miller Indices: I Materials Science Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

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    Touseef Hayat
    This document discusses lattice planes and Miller indices in materials science. It contains the following key points: 1. Miller indices (hkl) are used to represent families of lattice planes in crystalline materials. Several examples of (hkl) indices are given for lattice planes in 2D and 3D crystal structures. 2. Important lattice planes include the close-packed (111) plane in face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures. The spacing between (111) planes is calculated. 3. X-ray diffraction is introduced as a method to experimentally determine lattice spacing and crystal structure. Bragg's law relates the x-ray wavelength, angle of diffraction, and d-spacing between lattice planes.

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    Lattice Planes and Miller Indices: I Materials Science Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    Uploaded by

    Touseef Hayat
    52 views4 pages
    This document discusses lattice planes and Miller indices in materials science. It contains the following key points: 1. Miller indices (hkl) are used to represent families of lattice planes in crystalline materials. Several examples of (hkl) indices are given for lattice planes in 2D and 3D crystal structures. 2. Important lattice planes include the close-packed (111) plane in face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures. The spacing between (111) planes is calculated. 3. X-ray diffraction is introduced as a method to experimentally determine lattice spacing and crystal structure. Bragg's law relates the x-ray wavelength, angle of diffraction, and d-spacing between lattice planes.

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    This document discusses lattice planes and Miller indices in materials science. It contains the following key points: 1. Miller indices (hkl) are used to represent families of lattice planes in crystalline materials. Several examples of (hkl) indices are given for lattice planes in 2D and 3D crystal structures. 2. Important lattice planes include the close-packed (111) plane in face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures. The spacing between (111) planes is calculated. 3. X-ray diffraction is introduced as a method to experimentally determine lattice spacing and crystal structure. Bragg's law relates the x-ray wavelength, angle of diffraction, and d-spacing between lattice planes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views4 pages

    Lattice Planes and Miller Indices: I Materials Science Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    Uploaded by

    Touseef Hayat
    This document discusses lattice planes and Miller indices in materials science. It contains the following key points: 1. Miller indices (hkl) are used to represent families of lattice planes in crystalline materials. Several examples of (hkl) indices are given for lattice planes in 2D and 3D crystal structures. 2. Important lattice planes include the close-packed (111) plane in face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures. The spacing between (111) planes is calculated. 3. X-ray diffraction is introduced as a method to experimentally determine lattice spacing and crystal structure. Bragg's law relates the x-ray wavelength, angle of diffraction, and d-spacing between lattice planes.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    2014-15

    IA MATERIALS SCIENCE
    Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    AP2A

    Lattice planes and Miller Indices


    1

    Lattice Planes in 2-dimensions

    The h index for all the planes drawn on Figure 1 is zero since all the planes are parallel to
    x (i.e. they all contain the vector [100]).
    (hkl )for the seven sets are as follows (see also the diagram overleaf):
    1: 011 (0 1 1)

    2: 031 (03 1)

    3: 023 (023)

    4: 001 (00 1)

    5: 01 1 (0 11)

    6: 012 (0 12)

    7: 08 1 (081)
    There is no distinction between (hkl) and (hkl ) they both represent the same family of
    planes.
    Traces of sets of lattice planes (110), (010), (210), (2 10) and (230) are shown on the
    rutile lattice projected onto (001) in Figure 2.
    The directions marked on plan are [100], [010] and [110], as shown in Figure 3. The trace
    of (310) planes and the direction [310] are also marked. Note that they are NOT
    orthogonal.
    2

    Lattice Planes in 3-dimensions

    (hkl) for the four sets are as follows:


    I: 122 (122)

    II: 212 (2 12)

    III: 2 10 (210)

    IV: 010 (0 10)


    The traces of a few planes of the set (112) are shown in red on the reproduction of Figure
    4 on the following page.

    1
    JAE M2014

    2014-15

    IA MATERIALS SCIENCE
    Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    AP2A

    Lattice Planes and Directions

    A convenient choice of origin is the far-bottom-right corner. This produces an answer for
    the close-packed plane of (111). The directions along the sides of the triangle are then
    [110] , [10 1] and [0 11] or their negatives.

    [111]

    2
    JAE M2014

    IA MATERIALS SCIENCE
    Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    2014-15

    AP2A

    By geometry, the separations between the (111) planes are given by one-third of the
    length of the vector [111], since there are three (111) planes per unit cell and [111] is
    normal to (111) in the cubic system. Hence, the planar spacing is given by:

    d111 3a / 3 a / 3 2.03
    Using the formula from Data Book,
    2

    1 h k l


    d hkl a b c
    2

    reduces to d hkl

    a
    h2 k 2 l 2

    in the cubic system, i.e.

    d111 a / 3 2.03 , which is the same as above.


    For the (312) planes, d312 a / 32 12 22 a / 14 0.941 , using the formula, which
    would be much more difficult to obtain by geometry.
    4

    CrystalMaker Exercises

    The close-packed (111) planes are much smoother than the higher index planes.
    Lattice vectors:

    the 6 close-packed directions for hcp in the x-y (basal) close-packed plane are:
    [100], [110], [010] , and their negatives.
    For fcc they are: [110], [101], [011], [110], [101], [011] , and their negatives.
    The Weiss Zone Law could confirm the directions lie in the close-packed plane.
    The 12 symmetry equivalent directions in bcc are represented as <110>. The lattice
    vector should show one of the close-packed directions.

    3
    JAE M2014

    IA MATERIALS SCIENCE
    Course A: Atomic Structure of Materials

    2014-15

    AP2A

    Introduction to X-ray Diffractometry

    a =2rLi + 2rF = 4.08

    = 2dsin


    2200 2sin 1

    2d 200

    a
    2d 200 2
    a
    2
    2
    2
    2 0 0


    2 200 2 sin 1 44.4
    a

    2400 98.2

    typical data:
    2
    98.0
    98.5
    99.0
    99.5
    100.0
    100.5
    101.0
    101.5

    count rate
    6
    7
    7
    10
    33
    28
    11
    8

    2 400 = 100.1 0.2


    a = 4.022 0.005 A

    (100):(420) = 26.57
    2 420 = 118, d420 = 0.8983 , a = 4.017
    A doublet (i.e. peak splitting) may be observed for the high index peaks (this
    splitting can only be resolved at high angle), due to the presence of both 1 and 2
    X-ray wavelengths: for copper: = 1.54056 and = 1.5444.
    4
    JAE M2014

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