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    Results and Discussion

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    sam
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring temperature, calculating time constants of a thermistor, and performing discrete Fourier transforms on sampled sine waves. Key findings include: - Temperature measurements of ambient air and hot water were repeatable while time constants of the thermistor were not. - Fourier transforms of 5000 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 1000 Hz sine waves were not subjected to aliasing as their frequencies were over double the maximum of 500 Hz. - Percent differences between theoretical and measured RMS voltages for 25% and 50% duty cycle square waves decreased with more iterations, though the 25% duty cycle difference increased after the 5th iteration.

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    Results and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    sam
    39 views6 pages
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring temperature, calculating time constants of a thermistor, and performing discrete Fourier transforms on sampled sine waves. Key findings include: - Temperature measurements of ambient air and hot water were repeatable while time constants of the thermistor were not. - Fourier transforms of 5000 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 1000 Hz sine waves were not subjected to aliasing as their frequencies were over double the maximum of 500 Hz. - Percent differences between theoretical and measured RMS voltages for 25% and 50% duty cycle square waves decreased with more iterations, though the 25% duty cycle difference increased after the 5th iteration.

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    This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring temperature, calculating time constants of a thermistor, and performing discrete Fourier transforms on sampled sine waves. Key findings include: - Temperature measurements of ambient air and hot water were repeatable while time constants of the thermistor were not. - Fourier transforms of 5000 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 1000 Hz sine waves were not subjected to aliasing as their frequencies were over double the maximum of 500 Hz. - Percent differences between theoretical and measured RMS voltages for 25% and 50% duty cycle square waves decreased with more iterations, though the 25% duty cycle difference increased after the 5th iteration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views6 pages

    Results and Discussion

    Uploaded by

    sam
    This document summarizes the results of an experiment measuring temperature, calculating time constants of a thermistor, and performing discrete Fourier transforms on sampled sine waves. Key findings include: - Temperature measurements of ambient air and hot water were repeatable while time constants of the thermistor were not. - Fourier transforms of 5000 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 1000 Hz sine waves were not subjected to aliasing as their frequencies were over double the maximum of 500 Hz. - Percent differences between theoretical and measured RMS voltages for 25% and 50% duty cycle square waves decreased with more iterations, though the 25% duty cycle difference increased after the 5th iteration.

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    Data Acquisition and Analysis (DA)

    ME-415-02

    Group 20

    Submitted to:
    Dr. Srinivasan Rasipuram
    Matthew Daunis, T.A.
    Ben King, T.A.
    Santanu Mukherjee, T.A.
    Nirupama Warrier, T.A.

    Prepared by:
    Samuel Allen

    Lab Date: 04/06/17


    Due Date: 04/17/17
    Results and Discussion

    Table 1 shows the temperature measurements of the ambient air and hot water.

    Mean Standard Coefficient of


    (F) Deviation (F) Variance
    Ambient Air 76.2 0.29 0.39
    Hot Water 205.3 0.24 0.12
    Table 1. Temperature measurements of the ambient air and hot water.

    The temperature measurements are repeatable due to the coefficient of variance of both the

    ambient air and the hot water being less than 10.

    The time constant for the thermistor was calculated using

    T T
    T T 0


    ln
    t
    =

    Where t is the time it takes for the temperature to increase, T is the ending temperature reading,

    T is the temperature after one change, and T0 is the initial temperature. The time constants for the

    thermistor are shown in Table 2.

    Standard Coefficient of
    Mean (s)
    deviation (s) variance
    0.94 0.16 17.02
    Table 2. Time constants for the thermistor.

    The time constants calculated for the thermistor are not repeatable due to the coefficient of

    variance being more than 10.

    Figure 1 shows the RMS Discrete Fourier Transform for each sine wave sampling

    scenario.

    2
    2
    1.8
    1.6
    RMS Amplitude (V) 1.4
    1.2
    5000 Hz
    1 2500 Hz
    0.8 1000 Hz
    0.6 700 Hz
    0.4 300 Hz

    0.2
    0
    0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
    Frequency (Hz)

    Figure 1. RMS discrete Fourier transform for each sine wave sampling scenario.

    The only scenarios that were subjected to aliasing were the 700 and 300 scenarios because they

    were less than double the maximum frequency of 500 Hz. The scenarios 5000, 2500, and 1000

    were not subjected to aliasing because they were more than double the maximum frequency.

    The theoretical RMS voltage amplitudes of the first six Fourier coefficients for each

    square wave were calculated using the following equations.

    T
    2 2 nt
    A n=
    T 0 (
    y ( t ) cos
    t ) dt

    T
    2 2 nt
    B n= y ( t ) sin
    T 0 (t
    dt)
    Cn = A n2+ B n2

    3
    Where T is the period, y(t) is the period function, n is the number of iterations, and An, Bn, and Cn

    are the Fourier coefficients. The Fourier coefficients and RMS voltage amplitudes for 25% and

    50% duty wave are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.

    Frequenc Theoretical Measured Difference


    n An Bn
    y Cn Cn (%)

    0 0 1.25 0.00 1.25 1.54 20.85


    1 25 1.59 1.59 1.59 1.60 0.28
    2 50 0.00 1.59 1.13 1.15 2.34
    3 75 -0.53 0.53 0.53 0.56 5.76
    4 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
    5 125 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.38 16.62
    6 150 0.00 0.53 0.38 0.32 15.86
    Table 3. 25% duty cycle Fourier coefficients and RMS voltage amplitude.

    Theoretic
    Frequenc Measure Differen
    n An Bn al
    y d Cn ce (%)
    Cn

    0 0 2.50 0.00 2.50 1.97 23.71


    1 25 0.00 3.18 2.25 2.26 0.28
    2 50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
    3 75 0.00 1.06 0.75 0.79 5.54
    4 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
    5 125 0.00 0.64 0.45 0.45 0.26
    6 150 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
    Table 4. 50% duty cycle Fourier coefficients and RMS voltage amplitude.

    The RMS voltage amplitudes for the 50% duty cycle are larger than the 25% duty cycle when the

    50% RMS voltage isnt zero. The percent difference between the theoretical and measured RMS

    4
    voltage amplitudes gets smaller for both duty cycles as the number of iterations increases.

    However, the 25% duty cycle percent difference increases after the 5th iteration.

    Conclusion

    The temperature measurements of the ambient air and hot water were repeatable, but the

    time constants calculated for the thermistor were not repeatable. The max frequency for the RMS

    discrete Fourier transform was 500 Hz. This made the trials of 5000 Hz, 2500 Hz, and 1000 Hz

    not be subjected to aliasing because they were over double of the max frequency. The percent

    difference between the measured and theoretical RMS voltage amplitudes decreased as the

    number of iterations increased.

    Appendix

    5
    6

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