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    Salvadora Persica

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    Salvadora Persica

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    Salvadora Persica

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    VAXAEV
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    Salvadora Persica

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    Salvadora Persica

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    256 views3 pages

    Salvadora Persica

    Uploaded by

    VAXAEV
    Salvadora Persica

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Salvadora persica has been used for oral hygiene for thousands of years by various ancient civilizations. It also has potential medicinal properties and uses in traditional medicine.

    Salvadora persica has been used as a natural toothbrush for oral hygiene dating back to ancient civilizations like the Babylonians over 7,000 years ago. It was also used by Greeks, Romans, Jews, and Egyptians.

    The branches are used as chewing sticks for oral hygiene. The leaves can be eaten in salads and used in traditional medicine. The flowers are used as a stimulant and mild purgative. The berries are eaten fresh or dried. In some places, the seeds are used to extract detergent oil.

    Salvadora persica

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    Salvadora persica (arak, Galenia asiatica, meswak, peelu, plu,


    Salvadora indica, or toothbrush tree, mustard tree, mustard bush), Salvadora persica
    is a species of Salvadora.[1][2] Salvadora persica has antiurolithiatic
    properties.[3] Used for centuries as a natural toothbrush, its fibrous
    branches have been promoted by the World Health Organization for
    oral hygiene use. Research suggests that it contains a number of
    medically beneficial properties including abrasives, antiseptics,
    astringent, detergents, enzyme inhibitors, and fluoride.[4][5][5][6][7][8]

    Contents
    1 Description
    2 Distribution
    3 History and use
    4 Scientific analysis
    5 See also
    6 Gallery
    7 References
    8 External links Scientific classification
    Kingdom: Plantae
    Clade: Angiosperms
    Description
    Clade: Eudicots
    Salvadora persica is a small Clade: Rosids
    tree or shrub with a crooked
    trunk, seldom more than one Order: Brassicales
    foot in diameter. Its bark is
    Family: Salvadoraceae
    scabrous and cracked, whitish
    with pendulous extremities. The Genus: Salvadora
    root bark of the tree is similar to
    Species: S. persica
    sand, and the inner surfaces are
    an even lighter shade of brown. Binomial name
    Leaves & flowers in Krishna Wildlife It has a pleasant fragrance, of
    cress or mustard, as well as a Salvadora persica
    Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India.
    warm and pungent taste. The L.
    leaves break with a fine crisp
    crackle when trodden on. The tree grows to a maximum height of three meters.[9] In Pakistan, these ancient,
    majestic and sturdy trees are more closely associated with graveyards, like the cypress tree in English
    culture.[10]

    Distribution
    Native to: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan,
    Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi
    Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia,
    Zimbabwe[11] Also occurs in Namibia.[12]

    History and use


    Salvadora persica is a popular teeth cleaning stick throughout the Arabian Peninsula, as well as the wider
    Muslim world.[13] Also commonly referred to as miswak, it is often mentioned that the Islamic Prophet
    Muhammad recommended its use. He is quoted in various Hadith advising the use of the siwak.[14] Use of the
    stick dates back to the Babylonians some 7000 years ago. They were also used by the Greeks, Romans, Jews
    and the Egyptians.

    The fresh leaves can be eaten as part of a salad and are used in traditional medicine for cough, asthma, scurvy,
    rheumatism, piles and other diseases.[9] The flowers are small and fragrant and are used as a stimulant and are
    mildly purgative.[9] The berries are small and barely noticeable; they are eaten both fresh and dried.[9]

    In Namibia the mustard bush is used as a drought-resistant fodder plant for cattle. The Topnaar people that still
    live on the Kuiseb River use it to feed their goats. The plant's seeds can be used to extract a detergent oil.[12]

    As of 2009, Botanic Gardens Conservation International has a total of eight Salvadora persica plants in
    conservation.[15]

    Scientific analysis
    According to chemical and phytochemical analysis of Salvadora persica, there was an occurrence of
    carbohydrates and/or trimethylamine; an alkaloid which may effectively be salvadorine; chlorides; sulfur;
    terpenes; vitamin C; glycosides; large amounts of fluoride and silica; small amounts of tannins, saponins,
    flavonoids and sterols.[16][17]

    See also
    Miswak
    Pilu oil

    Gallery

    in Krishna Wildlife in Krishna Wildlife


    Sanctuary, Andhra Sanctuary, Andhra
    Pradesh, India. Pradesh, India.

    References
    1. "Salvadora persica" (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInf
    o.asp?SpID=1477). World Agroforestry Centre. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
    2. "Salvadora persica" (http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5327e/x5327e1j.htm). Food and Agriculture
    Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
    3. Geetha K, Manavalan R, Venkappayya D.,"Control of urinary risk factors of stone formation by
    Salvadora persica in experimental hyperoxaluria." Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;32(9):623-9
    4. "Miswak Stick: The All Natural Toothbrush" (http://arthurglosmandds.com/miswak-stick-natural-toothbr
    ush/).
    5. "Miswak Stick: The All Natural Toothbrush" (http://arthurglosmandds.com/miswak-stick-natural-toothbr
    ush/).
    6. Batwa, Mohammed; Jan Bergstrm; Sarah Batwa; Meshari F. Al-Otaibi (2006). "Significance of chewing
    sticks (miswak) in oral hygiene from a pharmacological view-point." (http://www.sdsjournal.org/2006/vo
    lume-18-number-3/2006-18-3-125-133-full.html). Saudi Dental Journal. 18 (3): 125133. Retrieved
    2009-02-16.
    7. Araya, Yoseph (2008-04-15). "Contribution of Trees for Oral Hygiene in East Africa" (http://www.siu.ed
    u/~ebl/leaflets/araya.htm). Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 11: 3844. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
    8. Spina, Mary (1994-04-28). "Toothbrushes - the Miswak Tree" (http://www.buffalo.edu/ubreporter/archiv
    es/vol25/vol25n26/10b.txt) (TXT). University at Buffalo Reporter. 25 (26). Retrieved 2009-02-16.
    9. Ra'ed I. Al Sadhan, Khalid Almas (1999). "Miswak (chewing Stick): A Cultural And Scientific
    Heritage.". Saudi Dental Journal. 11 (2): 8088.
    10. S. Abid Hussain, Associate Professor of English, Govt.Degree College No.1, Dera Ismail Khan/Pakistan
    11. http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=1477
    12. Rothauge, Axel (25 February 2014). "Staying afloat during a drought" (http://www.namibian.com.na/ind
    exx.php?id=9793&page_type=story_detail&category_id=1). The Namibian.
    13. National Institute of Industrial Research (2003). Herbs Cultivation & Their Utilization. Delhi: Asia
    Pacific Business Press. pp. chapter 2. ISBN 978-81-7833-064-8.
    14. IslamKotob, Muslims and Science, (Islamic Books), p.30.
    15. "Botanic Gardens Conservation International - PlantSearch database|" (http://www.bgci.org/plant_search.
    php?action=Find&ftrGenus=Salvadora&ftrRedList=&ftrSpecies=persica&ftrRedList1997=&ftrEpithet=
    &ftrCWR=&x=0&y=0).
    16. Akhtar, M.S.; M. Ajmal (April 1981). "Significance of chewing-sticks (miswaks) in oral hygiene from a
    pharmacological view-point". Journal Pakistan Medical Association. 31 (4): 8995. PMID 6785501 (http
    s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785501).
    17. Ahmed, Salah; Soaad Esmaeil Essawy El-Gengaihi; Mohamed El-Sayed Ibrahim; Ewald Schnug (2008).
    "Preliminary phytochemical and propagation trial with Salvadora persica L." (http://cairo.daad.de/imperi
    a/md/content/kairo/wissenschaftsjahr/biotech_abstract6) (PDF). Agriculture and Forestry Research. 1/2
    (58): 135138. Retrieved 2009-02-16.

    External links
    Salvadora persica at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Salvadora persica at the World Agroforestry Centre
    Salvadora persica in West African plants A Photo Guide.

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvadora_persica&oldid=801553515"

    This page was last edited on 20 September 2017, at 11:18.


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