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Crain'S Simplified Rules: Log Response Chart PDF

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Kaiysse Youké

Crain's Rules provide a simplified approach to analyzing well log curves to identify zones of interest. The basic rules are: 1) Gamma ray deflections left indicate cleaner rocks while deflections right indicate shales. Compare gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Porosity logs show higher porosity left and lower right. Mark zones that are clean and porous. 3) Resistivity logs have higher values for hydrocarbons or low porosity. Compare clean/porous zones to resistivity. Exceptions can occur. The document outlines Crain's Rules which reduce complexity when assessing multiple log curves to identify reservoir-quality zones for further evaluation.

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Crain'S Simplified Rules: Log Response Chart PDF

Uploaded by

Kaiysse Youké
49 views8 pages
Crain's Rules provide a simplified approach to analyzing well log curves to identify zones of interest. The basic rules are: 1) Gamma ray deflections left indicate cleaner rocks while deflections right indicate shales. Compare gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Porosity logs show higher porosity left and lower right. Mark zones that are clean and porous. 3) Resistivity logs have higher values for hydrocarbons or low porosity. Compare clean/porous zones to resistivity. Exceptions can occur. The document outlines Crain's Rules which reduce complexity when assessing multiple log curves to identify reservoir-quality zones for further evaluation.

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Crain’s Simplified Rules

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Crain's Rules provide a simplified approach to analyzing well log curves to identify zones of interest. The basic rules are: 1) Gamma ray deflections left indicate cleaner rocks while deflections right indicate shales. Compare gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Porosity logs show higher porosity left and lower right. Mark zones that are clean and porous. 3) Resistivity logs have higher values for hydrocarbons or low porosity. Compare clean/porous zones to resistivity. Exceptions can occur. The document outlines Crain's Rules which reduce complexity when assessing multiple log curves to identify reservoir-quality zones for further evaluation.

Copyright:

© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
49 views8 pages

Crain'S Simplified Rules: Log Response Chart PDF

Uploaded by

Kaiysse Youké
Crain's Rules provide a simplified approach to analyzing well log curves to identify zones of interest. The basic rules are: 1) Gamma ray deflections left indicate cleaner rocks while deflections right indicate shales. Compare gamma ray, resistivity, and porosity logs. 2) Porosity logs show higher porosity left and lower right. Mark zones that are clean and porous. 3) Resistivity logs have higher values for hydrocarbons or low porosity. Compare clean/porous zones to resistivity. Exceptions can occur. The document outlines Crain's Rules which reduce complexity when assessing multiple log curves to identify reservoir-quality zones for further evaluation.

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You are on page 1/ 8

CRAIN’S SIMPLIFIED RULES

You should know the basic rules for eyeball analysis of log curves to help you climb the
“Ladder to Success”. Some people find the Log Response Chart (PDF) helpful, but it requires a
mental assessment of 5 or 6 log curves simultaneously. This is a little tough for novice
analysts and prone to error by even the most experienced.

The step by step procedure using Crain's Rules will reduce the complexity considerably and
give you a straight forward path toward your goal. The illustration below is to give you a few of
the basic rules in one single illustration. Further on there is a more detailed coverage of the
Rules.

Lets start with


just 3 curves -
the gamma ray
(GR), resistivity,
and a porosity
indicating log (a
sonic in this
example). The
GR is at the far
left and the
sonic is the left
edge of the red
shading. The
resistivity and
sonic have been
overlaid to
make it easier to
see the shape of
the two curves
relative to each
other.

Basic Rule "A":


When GR (or
SP) deflect to the left the zone is clean and might be a reservoir quality rock. When GR deflects
to the right, the zone is usually shale (not a reservoir quality rock). There are exceptions to this
rule, of course..
Basic Rule "B": Porosity logs are scaled to show higher porosity to the left and lower porosity
to the right. Clean and porous is good, so compare the GR to the porosity log and mark
clean+porous zones.

Basic Rule "C": Resistivity logs are scaled to show higher resistivity toward the right. Higher
resistivities mean hydrocarbons or low porosity. Low resistivity means shale or water zones.
So clean+porous+high resistivity are good. There are exceptions to this rule too.

The exceptions are what makes the job interesting. There are low resistivity pay zones,
radioactive (high GR) pay zones, gas shales, oil shales, coal bed methane, and low porosity
zones that produce for years. Some of these are shown in the illustration. See if you can figure
out the logic behind each of the interpretations shown here before you move on to the more
formal rules.

The more detailed Crain's Rules are described here with reference to the logs shown below.

Crain’s Rule “Minus 1”: Identify log curves available, and determine their scales.
The left half of this image shows a resistivity log with spontaneous potential (SP) in Track 1
and shallow, medium, and deep resistivity (RESS, RESM, RESD) on a logarithmic track to the
right of the depth track. The right half of the image shows a density neutron log with gamma
ray (GR) and caliper (CAL) in Track 1. Photo electric effect (PE) is in Track 2 with neutron
porosity (PHIN) and density porosity (PHID) spread across Tracks 2 and 3.

Crain’s Rule #0: Gamma ray or SP deflections to the left indicate cleaner sands,
deflections to the right are shaly. Draw clean and shale lines, then interpolate linearly between
clean and shale lines to visually estimate Shale Volume (Vsh).
To find clean zones versus shale zones, examine the spontaneous potential (SP) response,
gamma ray (GR) response, and density neutron separation. Low values of GR, highly negative
values of SP, or density neutron curves falling close to each other usually indicate low shale
volume. High GR values, no SP deflection, or large separation on density neutron curves
normally indicate high shale volume.

Very shaly beds are not “Zones of Interest”. Everything else, including very shaly sands (Vsh <
0.50) and even obvious water zones, are interesting. Although a zone may be water bearing, it
is still a useful source of log analysis information, and is still a zone of interest at this stage.

Crain’s Rule #1: The average of density and neutron porosity in a clean zone
(regardless of mineralogy) is a good first estimate for Effective Porosity (PHIe).

Crain’s Rule #2: The density porosity in a shaly sand is a good first estimate for
Effective Porosity (PHIe), provided logs are on Sandstone Units.
For zones of interest, draw bed boundaries (horizontal lines). Then review the porosity logs:
sonic, density, and neutron. All porosity logs deflect to the left for increased porosity. If
density neutron data is available, estimate porosity in clean sands by averaging the two log
values. In shaly sands, read the density porosity. IMPORTANT: This is just an estimate and not
a final answer.

Scale the sonic log based on the assumed matrix lithology. Mark coal and salt beds, which
appear to have very high apparent porosity. Identify zones which show high medium, low, or
no porosity. Low porosity, high shale content, coal, and salt beds are no longer “interesting”.

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