CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]

SECTION 2: MECHANICS 1 Part (i)

Solution:

Calculating deceleration using Newton’s second law:

1. VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION 0.12 = 0.15𝑎
0.12
𝑎 = 0.15 = 0.8𝑚𝑠 −2
Calculate 𝑣 at 𝑌 using relevant kinematics equation
1.1 Kinematics Equations 𝑣−3
−0.8 = 2 𝑣 = 1.4𝑚𝑠 −1
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1 1 Calculate kinetic energy at 𝑌
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 and 𝑠 = 𝑣𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 2 1
2 2
1 𝐸𝐾 = (0.15)(1.4)2 = 0.147𝐽
𝑠 = (𝑢 + 𝑣)𝑡 2
2 Calculate energy lost:
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 − 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
1.2 Displacement-Time Graph 0.147 − 0.072 = 0.075𝐽
Calculate speed as leaving 𝑌 using 𝑘. 𝐸. formula:
1
0.075 = (0.15)𝑣 2 𝑣 = 1𝑚𝑠 −1
2
Calculate 𝑡 when particle comes to rest:
0−1
−0.8 = 𝑡 𝑡 = 1.25𝑠
Draw velocity-time graph with data calculated:
 Gradient = speed

1.3 Velocity-Time Graph

 Gradient = acceleration Part (ii)

 Area under graph = change in displacement Calculate displacement from 𝑋 to 𝑌
1
𝑠 = (3 × 2) + 2 (−0.8)(2)2 𝑠 = 4.4𝑚
{S12-P42} Question 7:
Calculate displacement from 𝑌 to 𝑍
1
𝑠 = (1 × 1.25) + (−0.8)(1.25)2
2
𝑠 = 0.625𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
The small block has mass 0.15𝑘𝑔. The surface is Draw displacement-time graph with data calculated:
horizontal. The frictional force acting on it is 0.12𝑁.
Block set in motion from 𝑋 with speed 3𝑚𝑠 −1 . It hits
vertical surface at 𝑌 2𝑠 later. Block rebounds from wall
directly towards 𝑋 and stops at 𝑍. The instant that block
hits wall it loses 0.072𝐽 of its kinetic energy. The
velocity of the block from 𝑋 to 𝑌 direction is 𝑣 𝑚𝑠 −1 at
time 𝑡 𝑠 after it leaves 𝑋.
i. Find values of 𝑣 when the block arrives at 𝑌 and
when it leaves 𝑌. Also find 𝑡 when block comes
to rest at 𝑍. Then sketch a velocity-time graph
of the motion of the small block. 1.4 Average Velocity
ii. Displacement of block from 𝑋, in the 𝑋𝑌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗  For an object moving with constant acceleration over a
direction is 𝑠 𝑚 at time 𝑡 𝑠. Sketch a period of time, these quantities are equal:
displacement-time graph. On graph show o The average velocity
values of 𝑠 and 𝑡 when block at 𝑌 and when it o The mean of initial & final velocities
comes to rest at 𝑍. o Velocity when half the time has passed
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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
1.5 Relative Velocities i. Find the time for which 𝑃1 is higher than the
top of the tower
ii. Find velocities of the particles at instant when
they are same height
iii. Find the time for which 𝑃1 is higher than 𝑃2 and
moving upwards
 Let 𝑠𝐴 be the distance travelled by 𝐴 and 𝑠𝐵 for 𝐵 Solution:
1 1 Part (i)
𝑠𝐴 = ut + 2 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑠𝐵 = ut + 2 𝑎𝑡 2
Substitute given values into displacement equation:
 If a collision occurs at point 𝐶 1
𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝐵 = 𝐷 25 = (30)𝑡 + (10)𝑡 2
2
 This gives you the time of when the collision occurred 5𝑡 2 + 30𝑡 − 25 = 0
 Same analysis if motion is vertical Solve quadratic for 𝑡
𝑡 = 1𝑠 𝑜𝑟 5𝑠
2. FORCE AND MOTION 𝑃1 reaches tower at 𝑡 = 1 then passes it again when
coming down at 𝑡 = 5𝑠
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion:
Therefore time above tower = 5 − 1 = 4 seconds
Object remains at rest or moves with constant velocity
Part (ii)
unless an external force is applied Displacement of 𝑃1 is 𝑆1 , and of 𝑃2 is 𝑆2 & relationship:
𝑆1 = 25 + 𝑆2
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:
Create equations for 𝑆1 and 𝑆2
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 1 1
𝑆1 = 30𝑡 + (−10)𝑡 2 𝑆2 = 10𝑡 + (−10)𝑡 2
2 2
3. VERTICAL MOTION Substitute back into initial equation
 Weight: directly downwards 1 1
30𝑡 + (−10)𝑡 2 = 25 + 10𝑡 + (−10)𝑡 2
 Normal contact force: perpendicular to place of contact 2 2
Simple cancelling
3.1 Common Results of Vertical Motion 𝑡 = 1.25𝑠
Find velocities
Finding time taken to reach maximum height by a
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
projectile travelling in vertical motion: 𝑉1 = 30 − 10(1.25) = 17.5𝑚𝑠 −1
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑉2 = 10 − 10(1.25) = −2.5𝑚𝑠 −1
 Let 𝑣 = 0 and find 𝑡
 The time taken to go up and come back to original Part (iii)
position would be double of this 𝑡 We know when 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 at same height 𝑡 = 1.25𝑠.
Finding maximum height above a launch point use: Find time taken to reach max height for 𝑃1
 2𝑎𝑠 = 𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
 Let 𝑣 = 0 and find 𝑠 𝑉 is 0 at max height
Finding time interval for which a particle is above a given 0 = 30 − 10𝑡 𝑡 = 3𝑠
height: Time for 𝑃1 above 𝑃2 = 3 − 1.25 = 1.75 seconds
 Let the height be 𝐻 and use
1
 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
4. RESOLVING FORCES
 Let 𝑠 = 𝐻  If force 𝐹 makes an angle 𝜃 with a given direction, the
 There will be a quadratic equation in 𝑡 effect of the force in that direction is 𝐹 cos 𝜃
 Solve and find the difference between the 2 𝑡’s to find 𝐹 cos(90 − 𝜃) = 𝐹 sin 𝜃
the time interval 𝐹 sin(90 − 𝜃) = 𝐹 cos 𝜃
{S04-P04} Question 7:  Forces in equilibrium: resultant = 0
Particle 𝑃1 projected vertically upwards, from horizontal  If drawn, forces will form a closed
ground, with speed 30𝑚𝑠−1 . At same instant 𝑃2 polygon
projected vertically upwards from tower height 25𝑚,
with speed 10𝑚𝑠 −1
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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
 Methods of working out forces in equilibrium: Scenario 2: ring is about to move downwards
o Construct a triangle and work out forces This time friction acts in the opposite direction since
o Resolve forces in 𝑥 and 𝑦 directions; sum of each = 0 friction opposes the direction of motion, thus:
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑇 sin 30 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔
Using information from before:
0 = 𝑇 sin 30 + 0.24𝑇 cos 30 − 20
𝑇 = 28.3𝑁

Lami’s Theorem: 5.1 Equilibrium

 For any set of three forces P,Q and Force required to keep a particle in equilibrium on a
R in equilibrium rough plane
Max Value Min Value
𝑃 𝑄 𝑅
= =
sin 𝜃 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛾

5. FRICTION
Friction = Coefficient of Friction × Normal Contact Force
𝐹 = 𝜇𝑟  The particle is about to  The particle is about slip
 Friction always acts in the opposite direction of motion move up down
 Limiting equilibrium: on the point of moving, friction at  Thus friction force acts  Thus frictional force acts
max (limiting friction) down the slope up the slope
 Smooth contact: friction negligible 𝑃 = 𝐹 + 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 𝐹 + 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃
 Contact force:
o Refers to both 𝐹 and 𝑁 {W12-P43} Question 6:
o Horizontal component of Contact force = 𝐹
o Vertical component of Contact force = 𝑁
o Magnitude of Contact force given by the formula:
𝐶 = √𝐹 2 + 𝑁 2
Coefficient of friction is 0.36 and the particle is in
{W11-P43} Question 6: equilibrium. Find the possible values of 𝑃
The ring has a mass of 2𝑘𝑔. The Solution:
horizontal rod is rough and the The magnitude of friction on particle in both scenarios
coefficient of friction between is the same but acting in opposite directions
ring and rod is 0.24. Find the two Calculate the magnitude of friction first:
values of 𝑇 for which the ring is in 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 6 cos 25
limiting equilibrium ∴ 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.36 × 6 cos 25
Scenario 1: particle is about to move upwards
𝑃 = 6 sin 25 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Solution: 𝑃 = 4.49𝑁
The ring is in limiting equilibrium in two different Scenario 2: particle is about to move downwards
scenarios; we have to find 𝑇 in both: 𝑃 = 6 sin 25 − 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Scenario 1: ring is about to move upwards 𝑃 = 0.578𝑁
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝑇 sin 30 − 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 − 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔
Since the system is in equilibrium, resultant = 0: 6. CONNECTED PARTICLES
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑇 cos 30 Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion:
∴ 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.24 × 𝑇 cos 30
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Substitute relevant information in to initial equation
0 = 𝑇 sin 30 − 0.24𝑇 cos 30 − 20
𝑇 = 68.5𝑁

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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
{Exemplar Question} Solution:
A train pulls two carriages: Diagram showing how to resolve forces:

The forward force of the engine is 𝐹 = 2500𝑁. Find the

acceleration and tension in each coupling. The
resistance to motion of A, B and C are 200, 150 and 90N
respectively.
Solution:
To find acceleration, regard the system as a single
object. The internal 𝑇s cancel out and give:
2500 − (200 + 150 + 90) = 1900𝑎
∴ 𝑎 = 1.08𝑚𝑠 −2
To find 𝑇1 , look at C Resolving forces at 𝐴 vertically:
𝐹 − 𝑇1 − 200 = 1000𝑎 𝑊1 cos 40 + 𝑊2 cos 60 = 5
2500 − 𝑇1 − 200 = 1000 × 1.08 Resolving forces at A horizontally:
𝑇1 = 1220𝑁 𝑊1 sin 40 = 𝑊2 sin 60
To find 𝑇2 , look at A Substitute second equation into first:
𝑇2 − 90 = 400𝑎 𝑊2 sin 60
𝑇2 − 90 = 400 × 1.08 ( ) cos 40 + 𝑊2 cos 60 = 5
sin 40
𝑇1 = 522𝑁 Solve to find 𝑊2 :
𝑊2 = 3.26𝑁
Put this value back into first equation to find 𝑊1
6.1 Pulleys 𝑊1 = 4.40𝑁

{S12-P41} Question 6:
 Equation 1:
No backward force ∴
𝑇 = 2𝑎

 Equation 2:
3𝑔 − 𝑇 = 3𝑎
𝑃 has a mass of 0.6𝑘𝑔 and 𝑄 has a mass of 0.4𝑘𝑔. The
pulley and surface of both sides are smooth. The base
{W05-P04} Question 3: of triangle is horizontal. It is given that sin 𝜃 = 0.8.
Initially particles are held at rest on slopes with string
taut. Particles are released and move along the slope
i. Find tension in string. Find acceleration of
particles while both are moving.
ii. Speed of 𝑃 when it reaches the ground is
2𝑚𝑠 −1 . When 𝑃 reaches the ground it stops
moving. 𝑄 continues moving up slope but does
not reach the pulley. Given this, find the time
when 𝑄 reaches its maximum height above
ground since the instant it was released
The strings are in equilibrium. The pegs are smooth. All
the weights are vertical. Find 𝑊1 and 𝑊2
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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
Solution: Pulley Case 3
Part (i)
Effect of weight caused by 𝑃 in direction of slope:
Effect of weight = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 where sin 𝜃 = 0.8
Effect of weight = 4.8𝑁
Effect of weight caused by 𝑄 in direction of slope:
Effect of weight = 0.4 × 10 × 0.8 = 3.2𝑁
Body 𝑃 has greater mass than body 𝑄 so when released
𝑃 moves down 𝑄 moves up on their slopes ∴
1
4.8 − 𝑇 = 0.6𝑎 Force on pulley = 2𝑇 cos (2 𝜃)
𝑇 − 3.2 = 0.4𝑎 Acts: inwards along dotted line which bisects θ
Solve simultaneous equations:
4.8−𝑇 𝑇−3.2
0.6
=
0.4
𝑇 = 3.84𝑁 6.3 Two Particles
Substitute back into initial equations to find 𝑎: {S10-P43} Question 7:
4.8 − 3.84 = 0.6𝑎 𝑎 = 1.6𝑚𝑠 −2
Part (ii)
Use kinematics equations to find the time which it take
𝑃 to reach the ground:
𝑣−𝑢 2−0
𝑎= and 𝑡 =
𝑡 1.6
𝑡1 = 1.25𝑠 𝐴 and 𝐵 are rectangular boxes of identical sizes and are
When 𝑃 reaches the ground, only force acting on 𝑄 is at rest on rough horizontal plane. 𝐴 mass = 200𝑘𝑔
its own weight in the direction of slope = 3.2𝑁 and 𝐵 mass = 250𝑘𝑔. If 𝑃 ≤ 3150 boxes remains at
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 −3.2 = 0.4𝑎 rest. If 𝑃 > 3150 boxes move
𝑎 = −8𝑚𝑠 −2 i. Find coefficient of friction between 𝐵 and floor
Now calculate the time taken for 𝑄 to reach max height ii. Coefficient of friction between boxes is 0.2.
This occurs when its final velocity is 0. Given that 𝑃 > 3150 and no sliding occurs
0−2 between boxes. Show that the acceleration of
−8 = 𝑡2 = 0.25𝑠
𝑡 boxes is not greater than 2𝑚𝑠 −2
Now do simple addition to find total time: iii. Find the maximum possible value of 𝑃 in the
Total Time = 1.25 + 0.25 = 1.5𝑠 above scenario
Solution:
6.2 Force Exerted by String on Pulley Part (i)
Pulley Case 1 Pulley Case 2 𝐹 = 𝜇𝑁
𝐹 = to max 𝑃 that does not move the boxes
𝑁 = to contact force of both boxes acting on floor
∴ 3150 = 𝜇 × (2000 + 2500)
𝜇 = 0.7
Part (ii)
Find frictional force between 𝐴 and 𝐵:
𝐹 = 0.2 × 2000 𝐹 = 400𝑁
Use Newton’s Second Law of Motion to find max
acceleration for which boxes do not slide (below 𝐹)
400 = 200𝑎 𝑎 = 2𝑚𝑠 −2
Force on pulley = 2𝑇 Force on pulley = 𝑇√2 Part (iii)
Acts: downwards Acts: along dotted line 𝑃 has to cause an acceleration of 2𝑚𝑠 −2 on 𝐵 which
will pass on to 𝐴 as they are connected bodies
Simply implement Newton’s Second Law of Motion
∴ 𝑃 = (200 + 250)(2) + 3150
The 3150 comes from the force required to overcome
the friction
𝑃 = 900 + 3150 𝑃 = 4050𝑁
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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
7. WORK, ENERGY AND POWER There is also some work done against resistive force of
Principle of Conservation of Energy: 500𝑁; due to law of conservation of energy, this leads
us to the main equation:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be
𝑤. 𝑑. 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑘. 𝐸
changed into other forms + 𝑤. 𝑑. 𝑎𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Work Done: 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠 610000 = 315000 + 500𝑠
1 610000 − 315000 295000
Kinetic Energy: 𝐸𝑘 = 2
𝑚𝑣 2 𝑠= = = 590𝑚
500 500
Gravitational Potential Energy: 𝐸𝑃 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
Power: 𝑃 =
𝑊.𝑑
𝑇
and 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑣 8. GENERAL MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

7.1 Changes in Energy DIFFERENTIATE

𝜀𝑓 − 𝜀𝑖 = (𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘)𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 − (𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘)𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠 𝑣 𝑎
displacement velocity acceleration
 𝜀𝑓 is the final energy of the object
 𝜀𝑖 is the initial energy of the object INTEGRATE
 (𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘)𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 is the energy caused by driving force  Particle at instantaneous rest, 𝑣 = 0
acting on the object  Maximum displacement from origin, 𝑣 = 0
 (𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘)𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 is the energy used up by frictional force  Maximum velocity, 𝑎 = 0
or any resistive force
{W10-P42} Question 7:
{S05-P04} Question 7: Particle 𝑃 travels in straight line. It passes point 𝑂 with
Car travelling on horizontal straight road, mass 1200kg. velocity 5𝑚𝑠 −1 at time 𝑡 = 0𝑠.
Power of car engine is 20𝑘𝑊 and constant. Resistance 𝑃’s velocity after leaving 𝑂 given by:
to motion of car is 500𝑁 and constant. Car passes point 𝑣 = 0.002𝑡 3 − 0.12𝑡 2 + 1.8𝑡 + 5
𝐴 with speed 10𝑚𝑠 −1. Car passes point 𝐵 with speed 𝑣 of 𝑃 is increasing when: 0 < 𝑡 < 𝑇1 and 𝑡 > 𝑇2
25𝑚𝑠 −1. Car takes 30.5𝑠 to move from 𝐴 to 𝐵. 𝑣 of 𝑃 is decreasing when: 𝑇1 < 𝑡 < 𝑇2
i. Find acceleration of the car at 𝐴 i. Find the values of 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 and distance 𝑂𝑃
ii. Find distance 𝐴𝐵 by considering work & energy when 𝑡 = 𝑇2
Solution: ii. Find 𝑣 of 𝑃 when 𝑡 = 𝑇2 and sketch velocity-
Part (i) time graph for the motion of 𝑃
Use formula for power to find the force at 𝐴 Solution:
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑣 Part (i)
20000 = 10𝐹 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 2000𝑁 Find stationary points of 𝑣; maximum is where 𝑡 = 𝑇1
We must take into account the resistance to motion and minimum is where 𝑡 = 𝑇2
∴ 𝐹 = 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 − 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 2000 − 500 𝑑𝑣
= 0.006𝑡 2 − 0.24𝑡 + 1.8
𝐹 = 1500 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
Use Newton’s Second Law to find acceleration: Stationary points occur where 𝑑𝑡 = 0
1500
1500 = 1200𝑎 𝑎= = 1.25𝑚𝑠 −2 ∴ 0.006𝑡 2 − 0.24𝑡 + 1.8 = 0
1200
Part (ii) Solve for 𝑡 in simple quadratic fashion:
Use power formula to find work done by engine: 𝑡 = 30 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10
𝑤. 𝑑. Naturally 𝑇1 comes before 𝑇2
𝑃=
𝑡 ∴ 𝑇1 = 10𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇2 = 30
𝑤.𝑑.
20000 = 𝑤. 𝑑. = 610000𝐽 Finding distance 𝑂𝑃 by integrating
30.5 30
There is change in kinetic energy of the car so that ∴ 𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
means some work done by the engine was due to this: 0
1 1 30
𝑘. 𝐸. 𝑎𝑡 𝐴 = 2 1200(10)2 𝑘. 𝐸. 𝑎𝑡 𝐵 = 2 1200(25)2 𝑠 = ∫ (0.002𝑡 3 − 0.12𝑡 2 + 1.8𝑡 + 5) 𝑑𝑡
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑘. 𝐸. = 𝑘. 𝐸. 𝑎𝑡 𝐵 − 𝑘. 𝐸. 𝑎𝑡 𝐴 0
30[0.0005𝑡 4
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑘. 𝐸. = 375000 − 60000 = 315000 𝑠= 0 − 0.04𝑡 3 + 0.9𝑡 2 + 5𝑡]
𝑠 = 285𝑚

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 CIE A LEVEL- MATHEMATICS [9709]
Part (ii) Since the distance before 20 seconds has already been
Do basic substitution to find 𝑣 taken into consideration:
𝑣 = 0.002𝑡 3 − 0.12𝑡 2 + 1.8𝑡 + 5 𝒕 = 𝒕 − 𝟐𝟎
𝑡 = 30 𝑣 = 5 6.5 − 2
To draw graph find 𝑣 of 𝑃 at 𝑇1 using substitution and 𝑎=
6
plot roughly 𝑎 = 0.75
𝑣 𝑎𝑡 𝑇1 = 13 1
∴ 𝑠2 = 2(𝑡 − 20) + (0.75)(𝑡 − 20)2
Graph: 2
𝑠2 = 2𝑡 − 40 + 150 + 0.375𝑡 2 − 15𝑡
𝑠2 = 0.375𝑡 2 − 13𝑡 + 110
Finally add both to give you 𝑠
𝑠 = 𝑠1 + 𝑠2
𝑠 = 0.375𝑡 2 − 13𝑡 + 110 + 92
𝑠 = 0.375𝑡 2 − 13𝑡 + 202

{S13-P42} Question 6:
Particle P moves in a straight line. Starts at rest at
point 𝑂 and moves towards a point 𝐴 on the line.
During first 8 seconds, 𝑃’s speed increases to 8𝑚𝑠 −1
with constant acceleration. During next 12 seconds
𝑃’s speed decreases to 2𝑚𝑠 −1 with constant
deceleration. 𝑃 then moves with constant acceleration
for 6 seconds reaching point 𝐴 with speed 6.5𝑚𝑠 −1
i. Sketch velocity-time graph for 𝑃’s motion
ii. The displacement of 𝑃 from 𝑂, at time 𝑡
seconds after 𝑃 leaves 𝑂, is 𝑠 metres. Shade
region of the velocity-time graph representing
𝑠 for a value of 𝑡 where 20 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 26
iii. Show that for 20 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 26,
𝑠 = 0.375𝑡 2 − 13𝑡 + 202
Solution:
Part (i) and (ii)

Part (ii)
First find 𝑠 when 𝑡 = 20, this will produce a constant
since 20 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 26
1 1
𝑠1 = (8)(8) + (8 + 2)(12) = 92𝑚
2 2
Finding 𝑠 when 20 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 26:
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
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