Minstary of Higher Education and Scientific

Research
Al-Iraiqa University
College of Engineering
Computer Engineering Department

R.T.S

Real Time Vehicle Tracking System

using GSM and
GPS Technology- An Anti-theft Tracking System

‫ علي عمر محمد عبد الحسين‬-: ‫األسم‬

‫ الرابعة‬-: ‫املرحلة‬
‫الدراسية الصباحية‬
‫ الحاسوب‬-: ‫القسم‬
Introduction:
The safety of private and public vehicles is a major concern nowadays so having
GPS vehicle tracking system ensure their safety while travelling. This vehicle
tracking system can be found in consumers vehicles as a theft prevention and
retrieval device. Police can follow the signal emitted by the tracking system to locate
a stolen vehicle. Generally this system is meant to be installed for the four wheelers
but for country like India where majority of the people using two wheelers, here is
the cheapest source of an anti-theft tracking system. Vehicle tracking systems are
commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions such as routing,
dispatch, on-board information and security. Other applications include monitoring
driving behavior, such as an employer of an employee, or a parent with a teen driver.
Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention
and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking
system and locate the stolen vehicle.

Related Technology:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only fully functional Global Navigation
System (GNSS). The GPS uses a constellation of between 24 and 32 Medium Earth
Orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals that enable GPS receivers to
determine their location, speed, direction, and time. A GPS receiver receives the
signals from at least three satellites to calculate distance and uses a triangulation
technique to compute its two dimension (latitude and longitude) position or at least
four satellites to compute its three dimension (latitude, longitude and altitude)
position. Therefore GPS is a key technology for giving device its position. GPS was
developed by the United States Department of Defense. Its official name is
NAVSTAR-GPS. It is originally used in military services but later allowed the
system available free for civilian use as a common good. Since then, GPS has
become a widely used aid
to navigation worldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying,
commerce, and scientific uses In This device we use a GPS receiver of HOLUX GR-
67 series. GPS parameters and specifications are given below.
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and
operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.GSM
(Global system for mobile) uses a process called circuit switching. This method of
communication allows a path to be established between two devices. Once the two
devices are connected, a constant stream of digital data is relayed.GSM networks
consist of thee major systems the Switching System (SS), The Base Station(BSS)
and the Mobile station(MS). I. the Switching System the Switching system is very
operative system in which many crucial operations are conducted, SS systems holds
five databases with in it which performs different functions. If we talk about major
tasks of SS system it performs call processing and subscriber related functions.
These databases from SS systems are HLR, MSC, VLR, AUC and EIR. The MSC in
cooperation with Home Location register (HLR) and Visitor location register (VLR),
take care of mobile calls and routing of phone calls. Authentication centre (AUC) is
small unit which handles the security end of the system and Equipment identity
register (EIR) is another important database which holds crucial information
regarding mobile equipments. II. The Base Station System (BSS): The base station
system have very important role in mobile communication. BSS are basically
outdoor units which consist of iron rods and are usually of high length. BSS are
responsible for connecting subscribers (MS) to mobile networks. All the
communication is made in Radio transmission. The Base station System is further
divided in two systems. These two systems, they are BTS and BSC. BTS (Base
Transceiver station) handles communication using radio transmission with mobile
station and BSC (Base station controller) creates physical link between subscriber
(MS) and BTS, then manage and controls functions of it. III. Mobile Station
(Subscriber): MS consist of a mobile unit and a smart card which is also referred as
a subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. This card fitted with the GSM Modem and
gives the user more personal mobility. The equipment itself is identified by a unique
number known as the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI). The GSM
modem used in this device is SUNROM SIM 900D.The parameters and
specification of our GSM modem is given below.

The microcontroller is the heart of this device. It is the interface between the GSM
module and the GPS receiver. A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit containing a processor core, data memory, A/D converter and
programmable input/output peripherals. In this device the microcontroller is
programmed in such a way that it stimulates the GSM modem in message
forwarding when a request is send by the user. Microcontrollers are much smaller
and simplified so that they can include all the functions required on a single chip.
Having the microcontroller is of great use, as it has low design cost and add
intelligence to the system.

Design of Tracking System:

It is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and
positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global
system for mobile communication (GSM). In this Device AT89C51
microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The
current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a
moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an
AT89C51 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS
Receiver. A GSM modem is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of
the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data
i.e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS
modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out
and sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is
demanded. When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the
system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of
the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude. The block diagram of tracking
system using GPS and GSM technology is presented in figure 3. The project is
vehicle positioning and navigation system we can locate the vehicle around the
globe with micro controller, GPS receiver, GSM modem. Microcontroller used is
AT89C51. The code is written in the internal memory of Microcontroller i.e.
ROM. With help of instruction set it processes the instructions and it acts as
interface between GSM and GPS with help of serial communication of AT89C51.
GPS always transmits the data and GSM transmits and receive the data.
 Figure: 3 Block diagram illustrating the concept of system

GPS pin TX is connected to microcontroller and GSM pins TX and RX are

connected to microcontroller serial ports.Microcontroller communicates with the
help of serial communication. First it takes the data from the GPS receiver and
then sends the information to the owner in the form of SMS with help of GSM
modem. GPS receiver works on 9600 baud rate is used to receive the data from
space Segment (from Satellites), the GPS values of different Satellites are sent to
microcontroller AT89C51, where these are processed and forwarded to GSM. At
the time of processing GPS receives only $GPRMC values only. From these
values microcontroller takes only latitude and longitude values excluding time,
altitude, name of the satellite, authentication etc. E.g. LAT: 1728:2470 LOG:
7843.3089 GSM modem with a baud rate 57600.GSM is a Global system for
mobile communication in this device it acts as a SMS Receiver and SMS sender.
The power is supplied to components like GSM, GPS and Micro control circuitry
using a 12V/3.2A battery .GSM requires 12v,GPS and microcontroller requires 5v
.with the help of regulators we regulate the power between three components.

Conclusion:
In this paper we have proposed an anti-theft system which can be used to track a
vehicle fitted with the proposed device in it. It can also be used in wildlife
tracking, asset tracking and in stolen vehicle recovery. In the future we may
integrate other related devices in a vehicle such as sensors. We can create a server
to see the vehicle route and other information on our computer and we can save
the trajectory of it. The sensors installed in our vehicle can report the vehicle
information to our server and it can form an intelligent tracking system. There are
various reasons why car owners and public vehicle operators prefer to have a
GPS. You can determine your location, whether you are travelling locally or in a
foreign land, having a GPS is truly an advantage. If you think you are lost, you
can use your GPS receiver to know your exact location. Vehicle tracking systems
are commonly used by fleet operators for fleet management functions such as
routing, dispatch, on-board information and security. Other applications include
monitoring driving behavior, such as an employer of an employee, or a parent
with a teen driver.
Reference:-
1- A. Goel and V. Gruhn, “Fleet Monitoring System for Advanced Tracking of
Commercial Vehicles”, Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC 2006), pp. 2517-2522, Taipei, Taiwan,
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“Remotely Controllable Outlet System for Home Power Management,” Proceeding of
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Petersburg, Russia, pp. 7-12, June 28-July 1, 2006.
3- E. D. Kalpan, Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Artech house
Publishers, ISBN 0890067937, February 1996.
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