TLE 7

Name:

Module 4 - 5
Lesson 1: PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Lesson 2: ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
Lesson 3: COLOR HARMONIES

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the principles of design and color harmonies applied in dressmaking

2. Enjoy and have fun as you engage yourself in dressmaking

EXPLORE ACTIVITY

Activity 1. BE ARTISTIC!
Don’t just write or explain boring definitions of the Elements of Art,
COLOR the words with what each means instead.

The Elements of Design

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 Firm-up (iT’S TIME TO LEARN)
Principles of design can help you carefully plan and organize the elements of art. Your knowledge of the
principles of design is essential in producing a better product. If you will work with principles of good output, you
can create a more interesting garment.
When you see models and celebrities wearing incredible creations downs the runway, it looks breath-
taking. But, do you know that beauty like this is achieved by following a strict set of principles?
The design language is a complex and logical series of rules. There are principles of fashion design that
help designers transform any garment into a masterpiece. These principles of fashion design are responsible for
giving structure to fashion designers to create beautiful spaces.
Whether it’s a dress, a skirt, trousers, tops, suits, or combinations, a fashion designer must use these
principles to craft stylish and functional clothing. This lesson you will be able to learn the elements and principles
of design in clothing.

Lesson 1: Principles of Design

The principles of design are essential to the development and production of clothing used by individuals
and families around the world. Each principle has a specific role in creating a visually pleasing garment or
ensemble.

1. BALANCE - implies that there is an equilibrium or uniformity among the parts of a design. This is essential to
the total design of your clothing.

TYPES OF BALANCE

A. Formal or Symmetrical Balance

- It is achieved when two sides of a
designs are alike on either side of
its vertical center. Balance in the
use of color is essential for a
pleasing effect.

B. Informal or Asymmetrical Balance

- It is achieved by using, space,
color and the varying
importance of objects. Also
refers to the structure
decoration and accessories are
different both sides from the
center of the design.

C. Radial Balance
- It is achieved when major parts
of the garment design radiate
from the central part of the
garment, creating a sunburst.

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2. PROPORTION - In design, it involves the relationship of one part to another. It refers to the pleasing relationship of all
parts of the object with one another.

There is proportion if:

✓ small prints are used for small body size

✓ using odd numbers such as three flowers

or five buttons

STANDARD PROPORTION

In choosing accessories, proportion should always be considered. For example, a woman with large facial features
would not choose a small bag or a small hat which will make her feature even larger, or vice-versa.

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 IMPORTANCE OF “BODY” PROPORTION
Should you end your above the knee or below? Where to end your tops and jackets?
These questions are not so much about body shapes but body proportions. Proportions are important as they
tell us where to end our clothes, such as hems on skirts, hems on tops and jackets. They help to create a
balanced and harmonious appearance and can help us look taller and slimmer, or shorter and curvier.

3. HARMONY - it is the pleasing combination of hues, values, and intensities. The color wheel is presented so
that you will learn the arrangement and relationship of colors to the proper dress that is best for your feature.
Examples:
= rounded collar edge and
rounded pocket
= the use of adjacent color
in the color wheel.

4. EMPHASIS - means that one part of a design must be more important than the other parts. The eye should go
first to this part.

It is one way of hiding figure defects by using various techniques such as grouping of decoration on the
garment, using contrasting color, applying various shapes, using ribbons, flowers, brooches, pins, laces, and
ruffles.

5. RHYTHM - is the movement of the eye from one part of the design to other parts.

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A. Repetition
Rhythm could be achieved by repetition or regular
recurrence of motifs of design, buttons, shapes,
tucks, pleats, laces, edging, color, textures, fabrics,
designs, etc.

Repeating color, texture, line or form in a way that

stimulates the eye and mind.

Example: Pleated Skirt

B. Progression
Rhythm is also created by progression or by
gradation. Gradation implies a gradual increase or
decrease of similar design elements.

A gradual increasing or decreasing in size (large to

small), direction of color (light to dark).

Example: the use of monochromatic color

C. Transition
It is a fluid rhythm created when a curved line leads
the eye over an angle.

Change from one element to another. To create a

good transition, used varied sizes of designs.

Example: = flowers of different sizes on a fabric

D. Radiation
Rhythm by radiation creates a feeling of movement in different directions.

E. Continuous Movement
This type of Rhythm
is obtained by
flowing lines of
trims, bands of
colors, fabrics,
designs, etc. which
make an eye move
in a continues line.

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TYPES OF DESIGN

1. STRUCTURAL DESIGN is formed by the arrangement of lines, forms, colors, and textures. If these four
elements are carefully arranged and applied on the materials used, they will create beauty to the finished
garment. In a garment of solid-colored fabric, its structural design is its silhouette, neckline, placement
of the waistline, sleeves, length, and location and fitting of darts and tucks.

2. DECORATIVE DESIGN refers to the surface enrichments of a structural design. Its decorative design may
consist of unusual buttons, a belt buckle, a contrasting collar and cuffs.

LESSON 1 FIRM-UP. ACTIVITY 1.

1. What are the implications of the principles of design in dressmaking?

2. How does each principle of design attained? Give examples.

LESSON 1 FIRM-UP. ACTIVITY 2.

Identify what principle of design is followed in each of the following.

______________1. The use of pleats in a dress design.

______________2. Small collar to a small body size.
______________3. The use of adjacent color in the color wheel.
______________4. Flowers or brooches on a dress.
______________5. Pockets on both sides of the skirt.

Lesson 2: Elements of Design

1. LINE
The basic part of any design is formed by lines. The eye tends to follow the direction of the line in a dress
design or in the fabric of the dress.

A. Horizontal Line F. Radiating Line

B.

C. Vertical Line G. Down-Sweeping Line

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 D. Curved Line H. Diagonal Line

E. Up-Sweeping Line or Angular Line a. Horizontal - gives the impression of shorter and
heavier.
b. Vertical – gives the impression of height.

Within the design of a composition, there are three main

groups of lines:

a. lines of repetition which follow each other

b. contrasting lines which go at opposite angles or in
different directions.
c. transitional lines which modify or soften contrasting
lines.

2. FORM
It refers to the shape of an object as
determined by line. In costume design the
silhouette is the term used to describe form
which may repeat, may contrast, or be
transitional.
✓ When the lines of a dress repeat the
form of the body too closely, they
produce an uncomfortable, restricting
effect.
✓ At the other extreme, a silhouette
which is completely opposed to the
lines of the figure distorts rather than
enhances the total design.
✓ A design suggests the contours of the
body.

3. TEXTURE
The surface quality of a fabric comprises its texture.
It appeals strongly to the sense of touch, whether it
is coarse, fine, smooth, rough, wrinkled, sleek,
glossy, slippery. Textures are affected by weave,
finishes, and the nature of the fibers and yarns used
in weaving. Textures as well as lines can create
illusions, one must choose textures for clothes that
will harmonize with the over-all design.

Texture affects color. A soft wool will give a quite

different effect from the gloss and sheen of the satin
in the evening dress. Texture also affects the
apparent size of the design. Bulky, rough fabrics
tend to increase the size of a design, whereas
smooth fabrics decrease it. A rough texture also
dulls color, but a shiny, smooth texture intensifies
the hue.

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 SHAPE
Clothes reveal or disguise the natural body
contour or shape. Choosing the right clothing
shapes will make the person more flattering.
Wide, full shapes clothes will make you look larger
while trim, compact dress will make you look
smaller. Straight, tubular shapes will make the
wearer look taller while fitted clothes will reveal
the natural body contours.

4. COLOR
Color is light, and light contains within itself all the sun’s rays, and when it is broken into wavelengths of
light, a sensation is produced, upon the retina of the eye

USE OF COLOR IN CLOTHES

1. Black, dark tones or deeply grayed colors tend to make the figure appear smaller or slimmer than bright or
light colors.

2. A plain color makes the figure look slimmer than a combination of contrasting colors. A two-tone effect broken
across the figure makes it look shorter and broader. A lengthwise contrast helps to give an illusion of
slenderness. Large prints or plaids may make the figure appear large or heavier.

3. A very small figure should not wear over large designs in prints, plaids, or stripes; the person with a large
figure should avoid them as well as a toodainty design. This type should choose motifs that are moderate and
avoid the conspicuous or too sharply designed.

4. Contrast and accent should be done with care. A little accent, perhaps a touch of red on many blue at the
throat or shoulder is smarter than a repeated accent. If you have a particular figure problem, such as large
bust or hips, place your color contrast in such a way that it draws away the eye and emphasize a good point.

LESSON 2 FIRM-UP. ACTIVITY 3.

Identify the Elements of Design asked in each number.

1. The basic part of any design.

________________________________________________

2. It refers to the shape of an object as determined by line.

________________________________________________

3. The surface quality of a fabric comprises. It appeals strongly to the sense of touch,
whether it is coarse, fine, smooth, rough, wrinkled, sleek, glossy, slippery.
________________________________________________

4. It gives the impression of shorter and heavier.

________________________________________________

5. It gives the impression of height.

________________________________________________
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 Lesson 3: Color Harmonies

The simplest harmony is the dominant harmony. It is a harmony of two or more tones of one color or a harmony
in which one color pervades such as tints and shades of brown, tints and shades of green. They are found in
nature.

A. Analogous harmony is a harmony of two or more colors alike in some ways but different in others. It is
based on the contrast in value. Examples are red, red-violet, and violet.

B. Contrasting harmony is a combination of two colors which are different in hue and which require a third
color to bring them together. It is the hardest color to combine. Examples are sage-green, cream, rose
and black, black or gold, gray-blue, red with black or gold.

The color of the garment is usually the first reason to attract you. You should know the best color combination
for your design. You must study the color wheel on how to match color with its intensity and value. And you must
also learn the terms and rules that apply to colors.

THE COLOR WHEEL

➢ Primary Colors – the sources of all colors.

Thousands of colors in the world, they are all made up of these colors – red, blue and yellow.

➢ Secondary Colors – are produced when mixing two equal amounts of primary colors. These colors are –
orange, green and violet.
For example,
red + yellow = orange
red + blue = violet
yellow + blue = green

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 ➢ Intermediate Colors – are produced by mixing two equal amounts of primary and secondary colors.
The intermediate colors are;

Yellow + green = yellow-green

Red + violet = red-violet
Blue + green = blue-green
Red + orange = red-orange
Blue + violet = blue-violet
Blue + orange = blue-orange

Pure Colors – are the primary, secondary and intermediate colors because they have no white, black and gray.
Pure colors are also called normal, true and basic colors.

Tints – when pure colors are mixed with white, they are made lighter. The whiter you add, the lighter the pink
will be. Tints are also called ― pastels.

Shades – when pure colors are mixed with black, they are made darker. Example, when black is added to red
you have maroon, a shade of red. The blacker you add, the darker you have.

Grayed colors –Grayed colors are also referred to as soft colors or dull colors. The grayer you add, the duller the
color will be.

Neutrals – are white, black and gray. The more grayed colors become the more different colors it will harmonize
with.

Warm and Cool Colors – are green, blue-green, blue, blue-violet, violet.

• Blue is the coolest color. They are adjacent to one another in the color wheel.
• Warm colors – are red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, and orange.
• Red is the warmest color. They are also adjacent in the color wheel.

Qualities of Colors

• Hue – is the family group name of a color. It is the name of a color. Ones they are combined differently and
given new names.
• Value – refers to the lightness or the tint or the darkness of the shade.
• Intensity – means the brightness or dullness of a color. When you refer to a color bright or very bright, dull or
very dull, you are describing its intensity.

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 LESSON 3 FIRM-UP. ACTIVITY 4.

DRAW THE COLOR WHEEL AND LABEL PRIMARY COLORS, SECONDARY COLORS
AND TERTIARY COLORS.

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Exercise No. 1. Enumeration.

1. What are the PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN?

2. What are the ELEMENTS OF DESIGN?
3. What are the COLOR HARMONIES?
4. What are the two TYPES OF DESIGN?
5. What are the Primary Colors?
6. What are the Secondary Colors?
7. What are the Intermediate Colors?

Exercise No. 2 Identification

1. It is the sources of all colors.

2. This is are produced when mixing two equal amounts of primary colors.
3. It is the family group name of a color. It is the name of a color. Ones they are combined differently and
given new names.
4. This refers to the lightness or the tint or the darkness of the shade.
5. It means the brightness or dullness of a color. When you refer to a color bright or very bright, dull or very
dull, you are describing its intensity.

TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING

DRESS UP!!!

Take a picture of yourself wearing three different outfits that applies the Principles of
Design, Elements of Design and Color Harmonies. Identify what is being applied on your
outfit. Send your photos via Messenger.

Congratulations! You are done with your module.

“I can do all things through him who strengthens me.” - Philippians 4:13

Subject Teacher: Ms. Hazel D. Aseñas, LPT

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