Thermal Properties of Matter 389

Practice Exercises
Section 1: Thermometry 9. If a thermometer reads freezing point of water as 20 °C
and boiling point as 150 °C, how much the thermometer
Level 1 reads when the actual temperature is 60 °C?

1. The absolute zero is the temperature at which (1) 98 °C (2) 110 °C

(3) 40 °C (4) 60 °C
(1) water freezes.
(2) all substances exist in solid state. 10. A constant volume gas thermometer shows pressure­
(3) molecular motion ceases. reading of 50 cm and 90 cm of mercury at 0 °C and 100 °C,
(4) none of these. respectively. When the pressure reading is 60 cm of mer-
cury, the temperature is
2. On which of the following scales of temperature, the
temperature is never negative? (1) 25 °C (2) 40 °C
(3) 15 °C (4) 12.5 °C
(1) Celsius (2) Fahrenheit
(3) Reaumur (4) Kelvin 11. The amount of heat required will be minimum when a
3. Maximum density of water is at the temperature body is heated through

(1) 32 °F (2) 39.2 °F (1) 1 K.

(3) 42 °F (4) 4 °F (2) 1 °C.
(3) 1 °F.
4. Absolute temperature can be calculated by (4) same temperature in all three cases.
(1) mean square velocity.
12. The temperature T on a thermometric scale is defined in
(2) motion of the molecule.
terms of a property K by the relation T = a lnK + b, where
(3) both (1) and (2).
a and b are constants. The values of K are found to be
(4) none of these.
2 and 8 at the ice point and steam point, respectively.
5. At what temperature the centigrade (Celsius) and Temperature corresponding to K = 4 is
Fahrenheit readings are the same?
(1) 50 °C (2) 37.5 °C
(1) –40° (2) +40° (3) 26 °C (4) 12.5 °C
(3) 36.6° (4) –37°
13. A sealed glass bulb containing mercury (incompletely
6. The gas thermometers are more sensitive than liquid filled) just floats in water at 4 °C. If the water and bulb are
thermometers because (i) cooled to 2 °C and (ii) warmed to 8 °C, the bulb
(1) gases expand more than liquids. (1) (i) sinks (ii) sinks (2) (i) sinks (ii) floats
(2) gases are easily obtained. (3) (i) floats (ii) floats (4) (i) floats (ii) sinks
(3) gases are much lighter.
(4) gases do not easily change their states. Level 3
7. 
Which of the curves in the following figure represents the 14. Figure shows three linear temperature scales, with the
relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures? freezing and boiling points of water indicated. Rank the
°C three scales according to the size of one degree on them,
greatest first.
2 3

°F 150° 120° 60°

4 1
X Y Z

(1) 1 (2) 2 −50° −140° 20°

(3) 3 (4) 4
(1) X > Y > Z (2) Y > X > Z
Level 2 (3) Z > X > Y (4) Y > Z > X

8. A constant pressure air thermometer gave a reading of 15. The resistance of a resistance thermometer has values
47.5 units of volume when immersed in ice cold water, and 2.71 and 3.70 Ω at 10 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The
67 units in a boiling liquid. The boiling point of the liquid is temperature at which the resistance is 3.26 Ω is
(1) 135 °C (2) 125 °C (1) 40 °C (2) 50 °C
(3) 112 °C (4) 100 °C (3) 60 °C (4) 70 °C

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 390 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

16. On a linear X temperature scale, water freezes at −125.0 °X (3) 

bends in the form of an arc with the more expanda-
and boils at 375.0 °X. On a linear Y temperature scale, ble metal outside.
water freezes at −70.00 °Y and boils at −30.00 °Y. A tem- (4) 
bends in the form of an arc with the more expanda-
perature of 50.00 °Y corresponds to what temperature on ble metal inside.
the X scale?
24. A solid ball of metal has a concentric spherical cavity
(1) 1100 °X (2) 1842 °X within it. If the ball is heated, the volume of the cavity
(3) 1375 °X (4) 1940 °X
(1) increases.
17. A Celsius thermometer and a Fahrenheit thermometer (2) decreases.
are put in a hot bath. The reading on Fahrenheit ther- (3) remains unaffected.
mometer is just three times the reading on Celsius ther- (4) first increases and then decreases.
mometer. What is the temperature of the bath?
25. A litre of alcohol weighs
(1) 43.29 °C (2) 32.04 °C
(1) less in winter than in summer.
(3) 88.43 °C (4) 26.67 °C
(2) less in summer than in winter.
18. It is required to prepare a steel meter scale such that (3) same both in summer and winter.
the millimeter intervals are to be accurate within (4) none.
0.0005 mm at a certain temperature. Determine the
26. At some temperature T, a bronze pin is a little large to fit
maximum temperature variation allowable during the
into a hole drilled in a steel block. The change in temper-
rulings of millimeter marks. Given α for steel = 1.322 ×
ature required for an exact fit is minimum when
10−5 °C−1.
(1) only the block is heated.
(1) 37.8 °C (2) 24.6 °C
(2) both block and pin are heated together.
(3) 12.2 °C (4) 38.1 °C
(3) both block and pin are cooled together.
(4) only the pin is cooled.
Section 2: Thermal Expansion 27. A beaker is completely filled with water at 4 °C. It will
overflow, if the beaker
Level 1
(1) is heated above 4 °C.
19. When a copper ball is heated, the largest percentage (2) is cooled below 4 °C.
increase will occur in its (3) is both heated and cooled, above and below 4 °C,
(1) diameter. (2) area. ­respectively.
(3) volume. (4) density. (4) remains at same temperature.

20. When a rod is heated but prevented from expanding, the 28. In cold countries, water pipes sometimes burst because
stress developed is independent of (1) pipe contracts.
(1) material of the rod. (2) rise in temperature. (2) water expands on freezing.
(3) length of rod. (4) both (1) and (2). (3) when water freezes, pressure increases.
(4) when water freezes, it takes heat from pipes.
21. Expansion during heating
29. A cylindrical metal rod of length L0 is shaped into a ring
(1) occurs only in solids.
with a small gap as shown. On heating the system,
(2) increases the weight of a material.
(3) decreases the density of a material. x
(4) occurs at the same rate for all liquids and solids.

22. On heating a liquid having coefficient of cubical expan-

sion g in a container having coefficient of linear expan-
r
sion g/ 3, the level of liquid in the container will
(1) rise.
(2) fall.
(3) remain almost stationary. d
(4) first rise and then fall.

23. When a bimetallic strip is heated, it (1) only x decreases, r and d increase.
(2) x and r increase, d decreases.
(1) does not bend at all.
(3) x, r and d increase.
(2) gets twisted in the form of a helix.
(4) data insufficient to arrive at a conclusion.

Chapter 08.indd 390 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 Thermal Properties of Matter 391

Level 2 l1 - l2 l1 - l2
(1) (2)
l2t1 - l1t 2 l1t1 - l2t 2

30. A pendulum clock keeps correct time at 0 °C. Its mean

coefficient of linear expansions is α °C -1. The loss in
l1 + l2 l1 + l2
seconds per day by the clock if the temperature rises by (3) (4)
l2t1 + l1t 2 l1t1 + l2t 2

t °C is
35. 
The coefficient of linear expansion of crystal in one
1 ­direction is α1 and that in every direction perpendicular
α t × 864000 1
(1) 2 (2) α t × 86400 to it is α 2 . The coefficient of cubical expansion is
 αt 2

 1 -  α1 + α 2
(1) (2) 2α1 + α 2
2
1 1 (3) α1 + 2α 2
(4) None of these
α t × 86400 α t × 86400
(3) 2 (4) 2
36. Three rods of equal length l are joined to form an equi-
 αt
2
 αt

 1 -   1 + 2  lateral triangle PQR. Point O is the midpoint of PQ.

2
­Distance OR remains same for small change in tempera-
31. Two rods, one of aluminium and the other made of steel, ture. The coefficient of linear expansion for PR and RQ is
having initial length l1 and l2 are connected together to same, that is, α 2 but that for PQ is α1 . Then
form a single rod of length l1 + l2 . The coefficients of lin-
ear expansion for aluminium and steel are α a and α s, R
respectively. If the length of each rod increases by the
same amount when their temperatures are raised by
l1
t oC , then find the ratio .
(l1 + l2 )
αs αa
(1) (2)
αa αs P Q

O
αs αa
(3) (4) (1) α 2 = 3α1 (2)
α 2 = 4α1
(α a + α s ) (α a + α s )

(3) α1 = 3α 2 (4)
α1 = 4α 2
32. The coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury in
a glass vessel is 153 × 10–6 °C−1 and in a steel vessel is 37. A power cable of copper is just stretched (initial tension
144 × 10–6 °C−1. If coefficient of linear expansion (a) for zero) straight between two fixed towers. If the tempera-
steel is 12 × 10–6 °C−1, then that of glass is ture decreases, the cable tends to contract. The amount
(1) 9 × 10–6 °C–1 (2) 6 × 10–6 °C–1 of contraction for a free copper cable or rod is 0.0002%
(3) 36 × 10 °C (4) 27 × 10–6 °C–1
–6 –1 per degree Celsius. Estimate what temperature d ­ ecrease
(in °C) will cause the cable to snap. Assume that the
33. A metal ball immersed in alcohol weighs W1 at 0 °C and cable obeys Hooke’s law until it reaches its break-
­
W2 at 50 °C. The coefficient of cubical expansion of the ing point, which for copper occurs at a tensile stress of
metal is less than that of alcohol. Assuming that the den- 2.2 × 108 N m−2. Ignore the weight of the cable and the sag
sity of metal is large compared to that of alcohol, it can and stress produced by the weight. Young’s modulus for
be shown that copper is 1.1 × 1011 N m−2.
W1 > W2 (2)
(1) W1 = W2 (1) 10 °C (2) 100 °C
W1 < W2 (4)
(3) W2 = (W1 / 2) (3) 1000 °C (4) None of these

34. In a vertical U-tube containing a liquid, the two arms 38. A thin steel ring of inner diameter 40 cm and cross-
are maintained at different temperatures t1 and t2. The sectional area 1 mm2 is heated until it easily slides on a
liquid columns in the two arms have heights l1 and l2 , rigid cylinder of diameter 40.05 cm. When the ring cools
respectively. The coefficient of volume expansion of the down, find tension in the ring. (For steel, a = 10−5 °C−1;
liquid is equal to Y = 200 GPa)
(1) 250 N (2) 125 N
t1 (3) 450 N (4) 25 N
t2
l1 39. A cube of coefficient of linear expansion aS is floating
l2 in a bath containing a liquid of coefficient of volume
expansion gL. When the temperature is raised by ΔT,

Chapter 08.indd 391 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 392 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

the depth up to which the cube is submerged in the 46. If two rods of length L and 2L having coefficients of lin-
liquid remains the same. Find the ratio between aS ear expansion α and 2α, respectively, are connected so
and gL. that total length becomes 3L, the average coefficient of
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 linear expansion of the composition rod equals
(3) 1 : 3 (4) 3 : 1 3 5
(1) α (2) α

40. Steel wire of length L at 40 °C is suspended from the 2 2

ceiling and then a mass m is hung from its free end. 5
The wire is cooled down from 40 °C to 30 °C to regain (3) α (4) None of these
3
its original length L. The coefficient of linear thermal ex-
pansion of the steel is 10−5 °C−1. Young’s modulus of steel 47. A steel rod is 4.000 cm in diameter at 30 °C. A brass
is 10 11 N m−2 and radius of the wire is 1 mm. Assume ring has an interior diameter of 3.992 cm at 30 °C. In
that length L  diameter of the wire. Then, the value of order that the ring just slides onto the steel rod, the
m (in kg) is ­nearly common temperature of the two should be nearly
(α steel = 11× 10−6 /°C and α brass = 19 × 10−6 /°C )
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4 (1) 200 °C (2) 250 °C
(3) 280 °C (4) 400 °C
41. If two rods of length L and 2L having coefficients of linear
expansion a and 2a, respectively, are connected so that 48. A wooden wheel of radius R is made of two semicircular
total length becomes 3L, the average coefficient of linear parts (see figure). The two parts are held together by
expansion of the composition of rod equals a ring made of a metal strip of cross-sectional area S
(1) (3/2)a (2) (5/2)a and length L. L is slightly less than 2πR. To fit the ring
(3) (5/3)a (4) None of these on the wheel, it is heated so that its temperature rises
by ΔT and it just steps over the wheel. As it cools down
42. A rod of length 20 cm is made of metal A. It expands to surrounding temperature, it presses the semicircular
by 0.075 cm when its temperature is raised from 0 °C parts together. If the coefficient of linear expansion of
to 100 °C. Another rod of a different metal B having the the metal is α, and its Young’s modulus is Y, the force that
same length expands by 0.045 cm for the same change one part of the wheel applies on the other part is
in temperature. A third rod of the same length is com-
posed of two parts, one of metal A and the other of metal
B. This rod expands by 0.060 cm for the same change in
temperature. The portion made of metal A has the length
R
(1) 20 cm (2) 10 cm
(3) 15 cm (4) 18 cm
43. If a cylinder of diameter 1.0 cm at 30 °C is to be solid into
a hole of diameter 0.9997 cm in a steel plate at the same
temperature, then minimum required rise in the tem-
π SY α∆T (2) 2SY α∆T
(1)
perature of the plate is (coefficient of linear expansion of
steel = 12 × 10 -6 °C -1 ) (3) 2π SY α∆T (4) SY α∆T

(1) 25 °C (2) 35 °C
(3) 45 °C (4) 55 °C Section 3: Calorimetry
Level 3 Level 1

44. A rod of length 2 m rests on smooth horizontal floor. If 49. When vapour condenses into liquid
the rod is heated from 0 °C to 20 °C. Find the longitudi- (1) it absorbs heat.
−5
nal strain
  developed? (α = 5 × 10 /°C ) (2 it liberates heat.
(1) 10−3 (2) 2 × 10−3 (3) its temperature increases.
(3) Zero (4) None (4) its temperature decreases.

45. A steel tape gives correct measurement at 20 °C. A piece 50. If temperature scale is changed from °C to °F , the numer-
of wood is being measured with the steel tape at 0 °C. ical value of specific heat
The reading is 25 cm on the tape, the real length of the (1) increases.
given piece of wood must be (2) decreases.
(3) remains unchanged.
(1) 25 cm (2) <25 cm
(4) either increases or decreases.
(3) >25 cm (4) Cannot say

Chapter 08.indd 392 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 Thermal Properties of Matter 393

51. Water is used to cool radiators of engines because 59. The graph shows the variation of temperature (T) of 1 kg
(1) it has low density. of a material with the heat (H) supplied to it. At point O
(2) it is easily available. shown in the graph, the substance is in the solid state.
(3) it is cheap From the graph, we can conclude that
(4) it has high specific heat.
T
52. If mass–energy equivalence is taken into account, when C(H3,T2) γ
water is cooled to form ice, the mass of water should D(H4,T2)
A(H1,T1) β
(1) increase.
B(H2,T1)
(2) remain unchanged.
α
(3) decrease. O H
(4) first increase and then decrease.

53. Compared to a burn due to water at 100 °C, a burn due to (1) T2 is the melting point of the solid.
steam at 100 °C is (2) BC represents the change of state from solid to liquid.
(3) ( H 2 - H 1 ) represents the latent heat of fusion of the

(1) more dangerous. (2) less dangerous.
substance.
(3) equally dangerous. (4) not dangerous at all.
(4) ( H 3 - H 1 ) represents the latent heat of vapourisa-

54. A metallic ball and highly stretched spring are made of tion of the liquid.
the same material and have the same mass. They are
60. A block of ice at –10 °C is slowly heated and converted to
heated so that they melt. The latent heat required
steam at 100 °C. Which of the following curves repre-
(1) is the same for both. sents the phenomenon qualitatively?
(2) is greater for the ball.
(3) is greater for the spring. (1) (2)

Temperature

Temperature

(4) for the two may or may not be the same depending
on the metal.

55. One calorie is amount of heat required to increase the Heat supplied
Heat supplied
temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C at constant pressure.
Find the range of temperature and constant pressure. (3) (4)
Temperature

Temperature

(1) From 14.5 °C to 15.5 °C at 760 mmHg.

(2) From 98.5 °C to 99.5 °C at 760 mmHg.
(3) From 13.5 °C to 14.5 °C at 76 mmHg.
(4) From 3.5 °C to 4.5 °C at 76 mmHg. Heat supplied Heat supplied
56. At atmospheric pressure, the water boils at 100 °C. If
61. Heat is supplied to a certain homogenous sample of
pressure is reduced, it will boil at
matter, at a uniform rate. Its temperature is plotted
(1) higher temperature. against time, as shown in the figure. Which of the follow-
(2) lower temperature. ing conclusions can be drawn?
(3) at the same temperature.
(4) at critical temperature.
Temperature

57. A closed bottle containing water at 30 °C is carried to the

Moon in a spaceship. If it is placed on the surface of the
Moon, what will happen to the water as soon as the lid is
opened?
(1) Water will boil. Time
(2) Water will freeze.
(3) Nothing will happen on it. (1) 
Its specific heat capacity is greater in the solid state
(4) Water in the bottle will decompose into H 2 and O2 . than in the liquid state.
(2) 
Its specific heat capacity is greater in the liquid state
58. If specific heat of a substance is infinite, it means than in the solid state.
(1) heat is given out. (3) 
Its latent heat of vapourisation is lesser than its
(2) heat is taken in. latent heat of fusion.
(3) no change in temperature takes place whether heat (4) 
Its latent heat of vapourisation is smaller than its
is taken in or given out. latent of fusion.
(4) heat may be taken in or given out.

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 394 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

62. Which of the substances A, B or C has the highest specific 68. Steam at 100 °C is passed into 1.1 kg of water contained
heat whose temperature versus time graph is shown as in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.02 kg at 15 °C till
follows? the temperature of the calorimeter and its contents rises
A to 80 °C. The mass of the steam condensed (in kg) is
Temperature (T )
B (1) 0.130 (2) 0.065
(3) 0.260 (4) 0.135
C
69. 2 kg of ice at –20 °C is mixed with 5 kg of water at 20 °C
in an insulating vessel having a negligible heat c­ apacity.
Time (t) Calculate the final mass of water remaining in the con-
tainer. It is given that the specific heat of water and ice
(1) A
are 1 kcal kg−1 °C−1 and 0.5 kcal kg−1 °C−1, respectively,
(2) B
while the latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal kg−1.
(3) C
(4) All have equal specific heat. (1) 7 kg (2) 6 kg
(3) 4 kg (4) 2 kg
Level 2 70. Water of volume 2 L in a container is heated with a
63. Two liquids A and B are at 32 °C and 24 °C. When mixed coil of 1 kW at 27 °C. The lid of the container is open
in equal masses the temperature of the mixture is found and energy dissipates at rate of 160 J s−1. In how much
to be 28 °C. Their specific heats are in the ratio of time temperature will rise from 27 °C to 77 °C ? (Given
specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ kg -1 )
(1) 3 : 2 (2) 2 : 3
(3) 1 : 1 (4) 4 : 3 (1) 8 min 20 s (2) 6 min 2 s
(3) 7 min (4) 14 min
64. A beaker contains 200 g of water. The heat capacity of
71. 
The temperature of equal masses of three different
the beaker is equal to that of 20 g of water. The initial
liquids A, B and C are 12 °C, 19 °C and 28 °C, respectively.
temperature of water in the beaker is 20 °C. If 440 g of
The temperature when A and B are mixed is 16 °C and
hot water at 92 °C is poured in it, the final temperature
when B and C are mixed is 23 °C. The temperature when
(neglecting radiation loss) is closer to
A and C are mixed is
(1) 58 °C (2) 68 °C
(1) 18.2 °C (2) 22 °C
(3) 73 °C (4) 78 °C
(3) 20.2 °C (4) 25.2 °C
65. Hailstone at 0 °C falls from a height of 1 km on an insu- 72. An amount of 10 g of ice at –20 °C is dropped into a cal-
lating surface converting whole of its kinetic energy into orimeter containing 10 g of water at 10 °C; the specific
heat. What part of it will melt? ( g = 10 m s -2 ) heat of water is twice that of ice. When equilibrium is
reached, the calorimeter will contain
1 1
(1) (2) (1) 20 g of water.
33 8

(2) 20 g of ice.
1
(3) × 10 -4 (4) All of it will melt (3) 10 g ice and 10 g water.
33

(4) 5 g ice and 15 g water.

66. A lead bullet of 10 g travelling at 300 m s−1 strikes against
73. A lead bullet at 27 °C just melts when stopped by an
a block of wood and comes to rest. Assuming 50% of heat
obstacle. Assuming that 25% of heat is absorbed by
is absorbed by the bullet, the increase in its temperature
the obstacle, then the velocity of the bullet at the time
is (specific heat of lead = 150 J kg−1 K−1)
of striking was (melting point of lead = 327 °C, specific
(1) 100 °C (2) 125 °C heat of lead = 0.03 cal g−1 °C−1, latent heat of fusion of
(3) 150 °C (4) 200 °C lead = 6 cal g−1 and J = 4.2 J cal−1)
67. A substance of mass m kg requires a power input of P  W to (1) 410 m s−1 (2) 1230 m s−1
remain in the molten state at its melting point. When the (3) 307.5 m s−1 (4) None of these
power is turned off, the sample completely solidifies in
74. An ice cube of mass 0.1 kg at 0 °C is placed in an ­isolated
time t s. What is the latent heat of fusion of the substance?
container which is at 227 °C. The specific heat c of the
Pm Pt container varies with temperature T according the
(1) (2)
t m

­empirical relations = A + BT, where A = 100 cal kg−1 K−1

m t and B = 2 × 10−2 cal kg−1 K−2. If the final temperature of the
(3) (4)
Pt Pm container is 27 °C, determine the mass of the container.

Chapter 08.indd 394 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 Thermal Properties of Matter 395

(Latent heat of fusion for water = 8 × 104 cal kg−1. Specific 80. 1 kg of ice at −10 °C is mixed with 4.4 kg of water at 30 °C.
heat of water = 103 cal kg−1 K−1) The final temperature of mixture is (specific heat of ice is
(1) 0.5 kg (2) 1 kg 2100 J kg−1 K−1)
(3) 1.5 kg (4) 2 kg (1) 2.3 °C (2) 4.4 °C
(3) 5.3 °C (4) 8.7 °C
75. Ten grams of ice at 0 °C is kept in a calorimeter of ­water
equivalent 10 g. How much heat should be supplied 81. Steam at 100 °C is added slowly to 1400 g of water at
to the apparatus to evaporate the water thus formed? 16 °C until the temperature of water is raised to 80 °C.
­(Neglect loss of heat.) The mass of steam required to do this is (LV = 540 cal g−1)
(1) 6200 cal (2) 7200 cal (1) 160 g (2) 125 g
(3) 13600 cal (4) 8200 cal (3) 250 g (4) 320 g
76. Three bodies A, B and C of masses m, m and 3 m, 82. A 2100 W continuous flow geyser (instant geyser) has
respectively, are supplied heat at a constant rate. The water temperature = 10 °C while the water flows out at
change in temperature q versus time t graph for A, B and the rate of 20 g s−1. The outlet temperature of water must
C are shown by I, II and III, respectively. If their specific be about
heat capacities are cA, cB and cC, respectively, then which
(1) 20 °C (2) 30 °C
of the following relation is correct? (Take initial temper-
(3) 35 °C (4) 40 °C
ature of each body as 0 °C.)
83. A solid material is supplied with heat at a constant rate.
θ The temperature of material is changing with heat input
I as shown in the figure. What does slope DE represent?
II
III y

π /6 E

Temperature
π/3 π/4
t C D
(1) cA > cB > cC (2) cB = cC < cA A B
(3) cA = cB = cC (4) cB = cC > cA x
O Heat Input
77. An amount of 1000 drops of a liquid of surface tension s
and radius r join together to form a big single drop. The (1) Latent heat of liquid
energy released raises the temperature of the drop. If r (2) Latent heat of vapour
be the density of the liquid and c be the specific heat, (3) Heat capacity of vapour
the rise in temperature of the drop would be (J = Joule’s (4) Inverse of heat capacity of vapour
equivalent of heat)
84. A block of ice with mass m falls into a lake. After impact,
a mass of ice m/5 melts. Both the block of ice and the
s 10s 100s 27s
(1)   (2)   (3) (4) lake have a temperature of 0 °C. If L represents the heat
Jrc r Jrc r Jrc r 10 Jrc r
     

of fusion, the minimum distance the ice fell before strik-

ing the surface is
Level 3 L 5L
(1) (2)

78. A block of mass 2.5 kg is heated to temperature of 500 °C 5g g

and placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum
amount of ice that can melt (approximately). Specific gL mL
(3) (4)

heat for the body = 0.1 cal (g °C)−1. 5m 5g

(1) 1 kg (2) 1.5 kg 85. The specific heat of a metal at low temperatures varies
(3) 2 kg (4) 2.5 kg according to S = aT3 where a is a constant and T is the
79. 10 g of ice at 0 °C is kept in a calorimeter of water equiv- absolute temperature. The heat energy needed to raise
alent 10 g. How much heat should be supplied to the unit mass of the metal from T = 1 K to T = 2 K is
apparatus to evaporate the water thus formed? (Neglect 15a
(1) 3a (2)

loss of heat) 4
(1) 2000 cal (2) 4600 cal 12a
(3) 8200 cal (4) 5500 cal (3) 2a (4)

3 5

Chapter 08.indd 395 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 396 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

86. The density of a material A is 1500 kg m−3 and that of an- (1) 360 cal (2) 500 cal
other material B is 2000 kg m−3. It is found that the heat (3) 720 cal (4) none of these
capacity of 8 volumes of A is equal to heat capacity of 12
88. Some steam at 100 °C is passed into 1.1 kg of water con-
volumes of B. The ratio of specific heats of A and B will be
tained in a calorimeter of water equivalent 0.02 kg at
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 3 : 1 15 °C so that the temperature of the calorimeter and its
(3) 3 : 2 (4) 2 : 1 contents rises to 80 °C. What is the mass of steam con-
87. Find the amount of heat supplied to decrease the volume densing? (in kg)
of an ice water mixture by 1 cm3 without any change in (1) 0.130 (2) 0.065
−1
temperature. ( ρ ice = 0.9 ρ water , Lice = 80 cal g ). (3) 0.260 (4) 0.135

Answer Key
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (1) 8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (1)
11. (3) 12. (1) 13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (2) 16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (1) 19. (3) 20. (3)
21. (3) 22. (3) 23. (3) 24. (1) 25. (2) 26. (1) 27. (3) 28. (2) 29. (3) 30. (2)
31. (3) 32. (1) 33. (3) 34. (1) 35. (3) 36. (4) 37. (3) 38. (1) 39. (2) 40. (3)
41. (3) 42. (2) 43. (1) 44. (3) 45. (2) 46. (3) 47. (3) 48. (2) 49. (2) 50. (2)
51. (4) 52. (2) 53. (1) 54. (1) 55. (1) 56. (2) 57. (1) 58. (3) 59. (3) 60. (1)
61. (2) 62. (3) 63. (3) 64. (2) 65. (1) 66. (3) 67. (2) 68. (1) 69. (2) 70. (1)
71. (3) 72. (3) 73. (1) 74. (1) 75. (4) 76. (4) 77. (4) 78. (2) 79. (3) 80. (4)
81. (1) 82. (3) 83. (4) 84. (1) 85. (2) 86. (4) 87. (3) 88. (1)

Hints and Explanations

1. (3) 
At absolute zero (i.e. 0 K) vrms becomes zero; 5. (1) As we know that
therefore, the molecules are not moving at all.
C F - 32
=
5 9
Since 0 K = -273 °C (absolute temperature) and as
2. (4) 
no matter can attain this temperature, the tempera- t t - 32
⇒ = ⇒ t = - 40°
ture can never be negative on Kelvin scale. 5 9
6. (1) 
For gases, the coefficient of volume expansion (g)
The maximum density of water is at 4 °C (on C
3. (2)  ­ elsius is more; therefore, the gases expand more than
scale). Also, the relation between Celsius and liquids.
Fahrenheit scale is
7. (1) Since the relation is given by
C F - 32
= C F - 32  5 20
5 9 = ⇒C =   F -
5 9  9 3
4 F - 32 Hence, the graph between °C and °F will be a straight
⇒ = ⇒ F = 39.2 °F
5 9 line with positive slope and negative intercept.
4. (1) 
The absolute temperature is directly proportional
8. (3) Initial volume, V1 = 47.5 units
to the mean square velocity and the relation is
given by Temperature of ice cold water T1 = 0 °C = 273 K

v 2 ∝T Final volume, V2 = 67 units

Chapter 08.indd 396 26/06/20 4:33 PM

 Heat Transfer 415

Practice Exercises
Section 1: Conduction and Convection 9. A
 t a common temperature, a block of wood and a block
of metal feel equally cold or hot. The temperatures of
Level 1 block of wood and block of metal are

1. A
 piece of glass is heated to a high temperature and then (1) equal to temperature of the body.
allowed to cool. If it cracks, a probable reason for this is (2) less than the temperature of the body.
due to one of the following properties of glass: (3) greater than temperature of the body.
(4) either (b) or (c).
(1) Low thermal conductivity.
(2) High thermal conductivity. 10. Ice formed over lakes has
(3) High specific heat. (1) very high thermal conductivity and helps in further
(4) High melting point. ice formation.
2. Snow is more heat insulating than ice, because (2) very low conductivity and retards further formation
of ice.
(1) air is filled in porous of snow.
(3) permits quick convection and retards further forma-
(2) ice is poor conductor than snow.
tion of ice.
(3) air is filled in porous of ice.
(4) very good radiation power.
(4) density of ice is more.
3. T
 he quantity of heat which crosses unit area of a metal 11. The coefficients of thermal conductivity of copper, mer-
plate during conduction depends upon cury and glass are, respectively, Kc, Km and Kg such that
Kc > Km > Kg. If the same quantity of heat is to flow per
(1) the density of the metal.
second per unit area of each and corresponding temper-
(2) the temperature gradient perpendicular to the area.
ature gradients are Xc, Xm and Xg, then
(3) the temperature to which the metal is heated.
(4) the area of the metal plate. (1) X c = X m = X g
(2) X c > X m > X g

4. 
Mud houses are cooler in summer and warmer in winter (3) X c < X m < X g
(4) X m < X c < X g

because
12. Radius of a conductor increases uniformly from left end
(1) mud is superconductor of heat.
to right end as shown in the following figure.
(2) mud is good conductor of heat.
(3) mud is bad conductor of heat.
(4) none of these.
5. 
Two thin blankets keep more hotness than one blanket T1 T2
of thickness equal to these two. The reason is
(1) their surface area increases. x
(2) a layer of air is formed between these two blankets,
which is a bad conductor. Material of the conductor is isotropic and its curved sur-
(3) these have more wool. face is thermally isolated from surroundings. Its ends
(4) they absorb more heat from outside. are maintained at temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 > T2): If, in
steady state, heat flow rate is equal to H, then which of
 emperature of water at the surface of lake is −20 °C.
6. T the following graphs is correct?
Then, the temperature of water just below the lower sur-
face of ice layer is (1) (2)
H H

(1) −4 °C (2) 0°C

(3) 4°C −20 °C
(4)
7. O
 n a cold morning, a metal surface will feel colder to
touch than a wooden surface because
(1) metal has high specific heat. 0 x 0 x
(2) metal has high thermal conductivity.
(3) metal has low specific heat. (3) (4)
H H

(4) metal has low thermal conductivity.

8. I n order that the heat flows from one part of a solid to
another part, which of the following is required?
(1) Uniform density. (2) Density gradient.
0 x 0 x
(3) Temperature gradient. (4) Uniform temperature.

Chapter 09.indd 415 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 416 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

13. Heat is flowing through a conductor of length l from 21. When fluids are heated from the bottom, convection
x = 0 to x = l. If its thermal resistance per unit length is currents are produced because
uniform, which of the following graphs is correct? (1) molecular motion of fluid becomes aligned.
(1) (2) (2) molecular collisions take place within the fluid.
T T
(3) heated fluid becomes denser than the cold fluid
above it.
(4) heated fluid becomes less dense than the cold fluid
above it.
0 x 0 x 22. In which of the following process, convection does not
take place primarily?
(3) T (4) T

(1) Sea and land breeze.

(2) Boiling of water.
(3) Warming of glass of bulb due to filament.
(4) Heating air around a furnace.
0 x 0 x 23. For proper ventilation of building, windows must be
14. The layers of atmosphere are heated through open near the bottom and top of the walls so as to let pass

(1) convection. (2) conduction. (1) in more air.

(3) radiation. (4) both (b) and (c). (2) in cool air near the bottom and hot air out near the
roof.
15. M
 ode of transmission of heat, in which heat is carried by (3) in hot air near the roof and cool air out near the
the moving particles, is ­bottom.
(1) radiation. (2) conduction. (4) out hot air near the roof.
(3) convection. (4) wave motion.
16. To find the thermal conductivity of a liquid, we keep the Level 2
upper part hot and lower part cool, so that
24. T
 wo walls, each of thickness d1 and d2 and thermal con-
(1) convection may be stopped.
ductivity K1 and K2, are in contact. In the steady state, if
(2) radiation may be stopped.
the temperature at the outer surfaces of the two walls are
(3) heat conduction is easier downwards.
T1 and T2 , respectively, the temperature at the common
(4) it is easier and more convenient to do so.
wall is
17. In a closed room, heat transfer by a heater takes place by
K 1T1d2 + K 2T2d1 K 1T1 + K 2d2
(1) conduction. (2) convection. (1) (2)
K 1d2 + K 2d1 d1 + d2

(3) radiation. (4) all of the above.

18. In heat transfer, which method is based on gravitation?  K d + K 2d 2  K 1d1T1 + K 2d2T2
(3)  1 1 T1T2 (4)
 T1 + T2  K 1d1 + K 2d2

(1) Natural convection (2) Conduction

(3) Radiation (4) Stirring of liquids
25. A
 slab consists of two parallel layers of copper and brass
19. The rate of loss of heat from a body cooling under condi-
of the same thickness and having thermal conductivities
tions of forced convection is proportional to its (A) heat
in the ratio 1 : 4. If the free face of brass is at 100 °C and
capacity (B) surface area (C) absolute temperature (D)
that of copper at 0 °C , the temperature of interface is
excess of temperature over that of surroundings. State, if
(1) 80 °C (2) 20 °C
(1) A, B, C are correct.
(3) 60 °C (4) 40 °C
(2) Only A and C are correct.
(3) Only B and D are correct. 26. T
 wo spheres of different materials one with double the
(4) Only D is correct. radius and one-fourth wall thickness of the other, are
filled with ice. If the time taken for complete melting
20. If a liquid is heated in weightlessness, the heat is trans-
ice in the sphere of larger radius is 25 min and that for
mitted through
smaller one is 16 min, the ratio of thermal conductiv-
(1) conduction. ities of the materials of larger sphere to the smaller
(2) convection. sphere is
(3) radiation.
(1) 4 : 5 (2) 5 : 4
(4) neither, because the liquid cannot be heated in
(3) 25 : 1 (4) 1 : 25
weightlessness.

Chapter 09.indd 416 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 Heat Transfer 417

27. A
 metal rod of length 2 m has cross sectional areas 2A 31. T
 he only possibility of heat flow in a thermos flask is
and A as shown in figure. The ends are maintained at through its cork which is 75 cm2 in area and 5 cm thick.
temperatures 100 °C and 70 °C. The temperature at the Its thermal conductivity is 0.0075 cal (cm °C)−1. The out-
middle point C is side temperature is 40 °C and latent heat of ice is 80 cal g–1.
100 ° C C Time taken by 500 g of ice at 0 °C in the flask to melt into
70 ° C water at 0 °C is
2A A (1) 2.47 h   (2)  4.27 h   (3)  7.42 h   (4)  4.72 h
32. I ce starts forming in lake with water at 0 °C and when the
1m 1m atmospheric temperature is −10 °C . If the time taken for
(1) 80 °C (2) 85 °C 1 cm of ice be 7 h, then the time taken for the thickness
(3) 90 °C (4) 95 °C of ice to change from 1 cm to 2 cm is

28. T
 wo rods (one semicircular and other straight) of same (1) 7 h (2) 14 h
material and of same cross-sectional area are joined as (3) Less than 7 h (4) More than 7 h
shown in the following figure. The points A and B are 33. A cylinder of radius R made of a material of thermal con-
maintained at different temperatures. The ratio of the ductivity K 1 is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner
heat transferred through a cross-section of a semicircu- radius R and outer radius 2R made of material of thermal
lar rod to the heat transferred through a cross section of conductivity K 2 . The two ends of the combined system
the straight rod in a given time is are maintained at two different temperatures. There is
no loss of heat across the cylindrical surface and the sys-
icircular rod
Sem tem is in steady state. The effective thermal conductivity
of the system is
K 1K 2
K1 + K 2
(1) (2)
K1 + K 2

K 1 + 3K 2 3K 1 + K 2
A Straight rod B (3) (4)
4 4

(1) 2 : p (2) 1 : 2
34. 
Three very large plates of same area are kept parallel and
(3) p : 2 (4) 3 : 2
close to each other. They are considered as ideal black
29. A composite metal bar of uniform section is made up of surface and have very high thermal conductivity. The
length 25 cm of copper, 10 cm of nickel and 15 cm of alu- first and third plates are maintained at temperature 2T
minium. Each part being in perfect thermal contact with and 3T, respectively. The temperature of the middle (i.e.,
the adjoining part. The copper end of the composite rod second) plate under steady state condition is
is maintained at 100 °C and the aluminium end at 0 °C. 1/ 4 1/ 4
The whole rod is covered with belt so that there is no heat  65   97 
(1)   T (2)   T
 2  4

loss at the sides. If K Cu = 2 K Al and K Al = 3K Ni , then what

will be the temperatures of Cu–Ni and Ni–Al junctions, 1/ 4
 97 
(4) (97 ) T
1/ 4
­respectively, (3)   T
 2

Cu Ni Al 35. 
Two rectangular blocks, having identical dimensions,
100 °C 0 °C can be arranged either in configuration I or in config-
(1) 23.33 °C and 78.8 °C (2) 83.33 °C and 20 °C uration II as shown in the figure. One of the blocks has
(3) 50 °C and 30°C (4) 30°C and 50°C thermal conductivity K and the other 2K. The tempera-
ture difference between the ends along the x-axis is the
30. T
 hree rods of identical area of cross-section and made same in both the configuration. It takes 9 s to transport a
from the same metal form the sides of an isosceles tri- certain amount of heat from the hot end to the cold end
angle ABC, right angled at B. The points A and B are in the configuration I. The time to transport the same
maintained at temperatures T and 2T , respectively. amount of heat in the configuration II is
In the steady state, the temperature of the point C is TC .
T Configuration I Configuration II
Assuming that only heat conduction takes place, C is
equal to T 2K
1 3 K 2K K
(1) (2) x
( 2 + 1) ( 2 + 1)

1 1 (1) 2.0 s (2) 3.0 s

(3) (4)
2( 2 − 1) 3( 2 − 1) (3) 4.5 s (4) 6.0 s

Chapter 09.indd 417 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 418 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

36. 
Three rods of the same dimension have thermal conduc-
tivities 3K, 2K and K. They are arranged as shown in the
following figure. Given below, with their ends at 100 °C,
50 °C and 20 °C. The temperature of their junction is T2 K 2K T1

50 ° C
x 4x
2K 1
(1) 1 (2)
100 ° C 2

2 1
3K (3) (4)
3 3

K 40. 
The figure shows a system of two concentric spheres
20 ° C of radii r1 and r2 and kept at temperatures T1 and T2,
­respectively. The radial rate of flow of heat in a substance
(1) 60 °C °C
(2) 70  ­between the two concentric spheres is proportional to
(3) 50 °C °C
(4) 35 
A solid copper sphere (density r and specific heat
37. 
capacity c) of radius r at an initial temperature 200 K is r1
suspended inside a chamber whose walls are at almost T1
0 K. The time required (in ms) for the temperature of the
r2 T2
sphere to drop to 100 K is

72 r r c 7 rrc
(1) (2) r1 r2
7 s 72 s (1) (r2 − r1 )
(2)

(r1 − r2 )

27 r r c 7 rr c r 
(3) (4) (3) (r2 − r1 )(r1 r2 )
(4) ln  2 
7 s 27 s

 r1 
38. 
Five rods of same dimensions are arranged as shown in
the figure. They have thermal conductivities K1, K2, K3, Level 3
K4 and K5. When points A and B are maintained at dif-
41. One end of a 2.35 m long and 2.0 cm radius aluminium
ferent temperatures, no heat flows through the central
rod (K = 235 W m−1 K−1) is held at 20 °C. The other end
rod, if
of the rod is in contact with a block of ice at its melting
C point. The rate in kg s−1 at which ice melts is
 10 −1 
 Take latent heat of fusion for ice as 3 × 10 J kg 
5
K1 K2

A K5 B
(1) 48π × 10−6 (2) 24π × 10−6
K3 K4
(3) 2.4π × 10−6 (4) 4.8π × 10−6
D
42. Four copper rods with different radii r and lengths l are
used to connect two reservoirs of heat at different tem-
(1) K 1 = K 4 and K 2 = K 3
(2) K 1K 4 = K 2 K 3
peratures. Which one will conduct most heat?
K1 K 2 (1) r = 1 cm, l = 1 m (2) r = 2 cm, l = 2 m
(3) K 1K 2 = K 3 K 4 (4) = (3) r = 1 cm, l = 1/2 m (4) r = 2 cm, l = 1/2 m
K4 K3

39. 
The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a com- 43. Heat is flowing through two cylindrical rods of same
posite slab that is consisting of two materials having material. The diameters of the rods are in the ratio 1 : 2
coefficients of thermal conductivity K and 2K and thick- and their lengths are in the ratio 2 : 1. If the temperature
ness x and 4x, respectively, are T2 and T1 (T2 > T1). The difference between their ends is same, then the ratio of
rate of heat transfer through the slab, in a steady state is amounts of heat conducted through them per unit time
will be
 A(T2 − T1 )K 
  f , with f equal to (1) 1 : 1 (2) 2 : 1
 x 
(3) 1 : 4 (4) 1 : 8

Chapter 09.indd 418 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 Heat Transfer 419

44. A rod of 1 m length and area of cross-section 1 cm2 is con- 50. A

 hot and a cold body are kept in vacuum separated from
nected across two heat reservoirs at temperatures 100 °C each other. Which among the following causes decreases
and 0 °C as shown. The heat flow per second through the in temperature of the hot body?
rod in steady state will be [Thermal conductivity of ma- (1) Radiation.
terial of rod = 0.09 kcal m−1 s−1 (°C)−1] (2) Convection.
(3) Conduction.
100 °C 0 °C (4) Temperature remains unchanged.
51. Which of the following statements is wrong?
1m
(1) Rough surfaces are better radiators than smooth
(1) 9 × 10 kcal s
−4 −1 −1
(2) 9 kcal s surface.
(3) 0.09 kcal s−1 (4) 9 × 10−6 kcal s−1 (2) Highly polished mirror like surfaces are very good
radiators.
45. Two identical conducting rods are first connected inde- (3) Black surfaces are better absorbers than white
pendently to two vessels, one containing water at 100 °C ones.
and the other containing ice at 0 °C. In the second case, (4) Black surfaces are better radiators than white.
the rods are joined end to end and connected to the
52. H
 alf part of ice block is covered with black cloth and
same vessels. Let q1 g s−1 and q2 g s−1 be the rate of melt-
rest half is covered with white cloth and then it is kept
ing of ice in the two cases, respectively. The ratio q2/q1 is
in sunlight. After some time clothes are removed to see
(1) 1/2 (2) 2/1 the melted ice. Which of the following statements is
(3) 4/1 (4) 1/4 correct?
(1) Ice covered with white cloth will melt more.
Section 2: Radiation (Kirchhoff’s Law (2) Ice covered with black cloth will melt more.
(3) Equal ice will melt under both clothes.
and Wien’s Displacement Law)
(4) It will depend on the temperature of surroundings
Level 1 of ice.

46. The velocity of heat ­radiation in vacuum is 53. T

 here is a black spot on a body. If the body is heated and
carried in dark room then it glows more. This can be
(1) equal to that of light.
­explained on the basis of
(2) less than that of light.
(3) greater than that of light. (1) Newton’s law of cooling (2) Wien’s law
(4) equal to that of sound. (3) Kirchhoff’s law (4) Stefan’s law

47. In which process, the rate of transfer of heat is maximum? 54. A hot body will radiate heat most rapidly if its surface is

(1) Conduction (1) white and polished. (2) white and rough.
(2) Convection (3) black and polished. (4) black and rough.
(3) Radiation 55. A
 n ideal blackbody at room temperature is thrown into a
(4) In all these, heat is transferred with the same velocity. furnace. It is observed that
48. T
 he energy supply being cut off, an electric heater ele- (1) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the
ment cools down to the temperature of its surroundings, brightest.
but it will not cool further because (2) it is the darkest body at all times.
(1) supply is cut off. (3) it cannot be distinguished at all times.
(2) it is made of metal. (4) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it
(3) surroundings are radiating. cannot be distinguished.
(4) element and surroundings have same temperature. 56. Which of the following statement is correct?
49. W
 e consider the radiation emitted by the human body. (1) A good absorber is a bad emitter.
Which of the following statements is true? (2) Every body absorbs and emits radiations at every
(1) The radiation is emitted only during the day. temperature.
(2) The radiation is emitted during the summers and (3) The energy of radiations emitted from a blackbody
absorbed during the winters. is same for all wavelengths.
(3)  The radiation emitted lies in the ultraviolet region (4) The law showing the relation of temperatures with
and hence is not visible. the wavelength of maximum emission from an ideal
(4) The radiation emitted is in the infrared region. blackbody is Planck’s law.

Chapter 09.indd 419 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 420 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

57. 
On investigation of light from three different stars A, B and (4) Eλ
Infrared Visible Ultraviolet

C, it was found that in the spectrum of A the intensity of

red colour is maximum, in B the intensity of blue colour is
maximum and in C the intensity of yellow colour is maxi- 1500 K
mum. From these observations it can be concluded that 2500 K

(1) 
the temperature of A is maximum, B is minimum 3500 K
and C is intermediate. f
(2) 
the temperature of A is maximum, C is minimum
and B is intermediate. 60. V
 ariation of radiant energy emitted by Sun, filament of
(3) 
the temperature of B is maximum, A is minimum tungsten lamp and welding arc as a function of its wave-
and C is intermediate. length is shown in figure. Which of the following option
(4) 
the temperature of C is maximum, B is minimum is the correct match?
and A is intermediate.
Eλ
 he energy distribution E with the wavelength ( l ) for
58. T
the blackbody radiation at temperature T Kelvin is shown
T3
in the figure. As the temperature is increased the maxima
T2
E T1
λ

(1) Sun – T1 , tungsten filament – T2 , welding arc – T3

0 T
(2) Sun – T2 , tungsten filament – T1 , welding arc – T3
(1) shifts towards left and become higher. (3) Sun – T3 , tungsten filament – T2 , welding arc – T1
(2) rises high but will not shift. (4) Sun – T1 , tungsten filament – T3 , welding arc – T2
(3) shifts towards right and become higher.
(4) shifts towards left and the curve will become broader. Level 2
59. W
 hich of the following graph shows the correct variation
61. T
he absolute temperatures of two blackbodies are
in intensity of heat radiations by blackbody and frequency
2000 K and 3000 K, respectively. The ratio of wavelengths
at a fixed temperature?
corresponding to maximum emission of radiation by
(1) Eλ them is
UV Visible Infrared

(1) 2 : 3 (2) 3 : 2
3500 K (3) 9 : 4 (4) 4 : 9
2500 K
62. 
The temperature of the Sun is 5500 K and it emits
1500 K
maximum intensity radiation in the yellow region
(5.5 ´ 10 −7 m ) . The maximum radiation from a furnace
f occurs at wavelength 11 ´ 10 −7 m. The temperature of
furnace is
(2) Eλ

(1) 1125 K (2) 2750 K

UV Visible Infrared
(3) 5500 K (4) 11000 K
1500 K
63. A
 particular star (assuming it as a blackbody) has a sur-
2500 K
face temperature of about 5 ´ 104 K. The wavelength in
3500 K
nanometers at which its radiation becomes maximum is
(b = Wien’s constant = 0.0029 m K)
f
(1) 48 (2) 58
(3) Eλ (3) 60 (4) 70

Infrared Visible Ultraviolet

64. T
 he maximum energy in thermal radiation from a source
3500 K occurs at the wavelength 4000 Å. The effective tempera-
2500 K
ture of the source is (b = 0.0029 m K)
1500 K (1) 7000 K (2) 80000 K
4
(3) 10 K (4) 106 K
f

Chapter 09.indd 420 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 Heat Transfer 421

65. T
 he intensity of radiation emitted by the Sun has its max-  blackbody at 1227 °C emits radiations with maximum
70. A
imum value at a wavelength of 510 nm and that emitted intensity at a wavelength of 5000 Å. If the temperature of
by the North Star has the maximum value at 350 nm. If the body is increased by 1000 oC, the maximum intensity
these stars behave like blackbodies, then the ratio of the will be observed at
surface temperature of the Sun and North Star is (1) 4000 Å (2) 5000 Å
(1) 1.46 (2) 0.69 (2) 6000 Å (4) 3000 Å
(3) 1.21 (4) 0.83
Level 3
66. 
Two bodies A and B have thermal emissivity of 0.01 and
0.81, respectively. The outer surface areas of the two 71. An ideal black body at room temperature is thrown into
bodies are the same. The two bodies emit total radiant a furnace. It is observed that
power at the same rate. The wavelength l B correspond- (1) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the
ing to maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation brightest.
from B is shifted from the wavelength corresponding to (2) it the darkest body at all times.
maximum spectral radiancy in the radiation from A by (3) it cannot be distinguished at all times.
1.00 µm . If the temperature of A is 5802 K, then
α
(4) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it
(1) the temperature of B is 1934 K. cannot be distinguished.
(2) l B = 1.5 mm. 72. If emissivity of bodies X and Y are ex and ey and absorp-
(3) both (a) and (b). tive power are Ax and Ay, then
(4) l B = 2.5 mm. e y < e x ; A y < Ax
e y > e x ; A y > Ax (2)
(1)
The radiant power of a blackbody is E = 3.0 W cm .
67.  –2
=
e y > e x ; A y < Ax (4) e y e=
(3) x ; Ay Ax
Find the wavelength corresponding to the maximum
emissive capacity of the body. [Take Wien’s constant 73. Three discs A, B, and C having radii 2 m, 4 m and 6 m,
(b) = 2.9 × 10–3 m K; s = 5.67 × 10–2 K–4] respectively, are coated with carbon black on their outer
surfaces. The wavelengths corresponding to maximum
(1) 3.4 × 10–6 m (2) 3.4 × 10–5 m
intensity are 300 nm, 400 nm and 500 nm, respectively.
(3) 3.4 × 10–4 m (4) 3.4 × 10–3 m
The power radiated by them are QA, QB and QC, respec-
68. T
 he plots of intensity versus wavelength for three blackbod- tively.
ies at temperatures T1, T2 and T3, respectively, are shown in
(1) QA is maximum (2) QB is maximum
the following figure. Their temperatures are such that
(3) QC is maximum (4) QA = QB = QC
I T3
74. Three graphs marked as 1, 2, 3 representing the variation
T2 of maximum emissive power and wavelength of radia-
T1
tion of the Sun, a welding arc and a tungsten filament.
Which of the following combination is correct?
Eλ
λ

(1) T1 >T2 > T3 (2) T1 >T3 > T2

(3) T2 >T3 > T1 (4) T3 >T2 > T1 (3)
(2)
69. The figure shows the spectral energy density distribution (1)
E l of a blackbody at two different temperatures. If the λ
areas under the curves are in the ratio 16 : 1, the value of (1) 1 → bulb, 2 → welding arc, 3 → Sun
temperature T is (2) 2 → bulb, 3 → welding arc, 1 → Sun
Eλ (3) 3 → bulb, 1 → welding arc, 2 → Sun
TK
(4) 2 → bulb, 1 → welding arc, 3 → Sun

2000 K
75. The rate of emission of radiation of a black body at 273 °C
is E, then the rate of emission of radiation of this body
at 0 °C will be
E
(1) E (2)
λ

16 4

(1) 32,000 K (2) 16,000 K (3) E (4) 0

(3) 8,000 K (4) 4,000 K 8

Chapter 09.indd 421 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 422 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

76. Star S1 emits maximum radiation of wavelength 420 nm 81. A

 body cools in a surroundings which is at a constant
and star S2 emits maximum radiation of wavelength temperature of T0. Assume that it obeys Newton’s law of
560 nm, what is the ratio of the temperature of S1 and S2? cooling. Its temperature T is plotted against time t. Tan-
(1) 4/3 (2) (4/3)1/4 gents are drawn to the curve at the points P(T = T1) and
(3) 3/4 (4) (3/4)1/2 Q(T = T2). These tangents meet the time axis at angles of
φ2 and φ1, as shown
Section 3: Radiation (Stefan’s Law and θ
Newton’s Law of Cooling)
θ2 P
Level 1
θ1 Q
77. T
 wo identical objects A and B are at temperatures TA and φ
θ0 φ
TB, respectively. Both objects are placed in a room with 2 1 t
perfectly absorbing walls maintained at temperatures
tan φ 2 T1 − T0 tan φ 2 T2 − T0
T (TA > T > TB ). The objects A and B attain temperature (1) = (2) =
tan φ 1 T2 − T0 tan φ 1 T1 − T0

T eventually which one of the following statements is

­correct?
tan φ 2 T1 tan φ 1 T2
(1) 
A only emits radiations while B only absorbs them (3) = (4) =
tan φ 1 T2 tan φ 2 T1

until both attain temperature.

(2) 
A loses more radiations than it absorbs while B 82. A
 block of metal is heated to a temperature much
­absorbs more radiations that it emits until tempera- higher than the room temperature and allowed to cool
ture T is attained. in a room free from air currents. Which of the following
(3) Both A and B only absorb radiations until they attain curves correctly represents the rate of cooling?
temperature T.
(4) Both A and B only emit radiations until they attain (1) (2)
Temperature

Temperature
temperature T.
78. W
 hen the body has the same temperature as that of sur-
roundings,
(1) it does not radiate heat.
Time Time
(2) it radiates the same quantity of heat as it absorbs.
(3) it radiates less quantity of heat as it receives from (3) (4)
surroundings.
Temperature
Temperature

(4) it radiates more quantity of heat as it receives heat

from surroundings.
79. E
 qual masses of two liquids are filled in two similar calo-
rimeters. The rate of cooling will Time Time

(1) depend on the nature of the liquids. 83. F

 or a small temperature difference between the body and
(2) depend on the specific heats of liquids. the surroundings the relation between the rate of heat
(3) be same for both the liquids. loss R and the temperature of the body is depicted by
(4) depend on the mass of the liquids.
(1) (2) R
R

80. Which of the following statements is correct?

(1) During clear nights, the temperature rises steadily
upwards near the ground level.
(2) Newton’s law of cooling, an approximate form of
Stefan’s law, is valid only for natural convection. O O θ
θ
(3) The total energy emitted by a blackbody per unit
time per unit area is proportional to the square of its
temperature in the Kelvin scale. (3) (4) R
R
(4) Two spheres of the same material have radii 1 m
and 4 m and temperatures 4000 K and 2000 K,
­respectively. The energy radiated per second by the O
first sphere is greater than that radiated per second θ
by the second sphere. O θ

Chapter 09.indd 422 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 Heat Transfer 423

84. W
 hich of the following graphs correctly represents the Level 2
relation between ln E and ln T where E is the amount of
radiation emitted per unit time from unit area of a body 87. A
 blackbody radiates energy at the rate of E W m−2 at a
and T is the absolute temperature? high temperature T K. When the temperature is reduced
T
(1) ln E
to K, the radiant energy is
 

2
E E
(1) (2)
16 4

ln T (3) 4E (4) 16E

(2)
ln E 88. If temperature of a blackbody increases from 7 °C to

287 °C , then the rate of energy radiation increases by

4
 287 
(1)  (2) 16
 7 

ln T
(3) ln E (3) 4 (4) 2

89. T
 he energy spectrum of a blackbody exhibits a maxi-
mum around a wavelength l 0. The temperature of the
ln T blackbody is now changed such that the energy is maxi-
3l 0
mum around a wavelength . The power radiated by
4
the blackbody will now increase by a factor of
(4) ln E
(1) 256/81 (2) 64/27
(3) 16/9 (4) 4/3

wo identical metal balls at temperature 200 °C and

90. T
ln T 400 °C kept in air at 27°C . The ratio of net heat loss by
0
these bodies is
85. 
A hollow copper sphere S and a hollow copper cube C, 1 1
both of negligible thin walls of same areas, are filled with (1) (2)
4

2
water at 90 °C and allowed to cool in the same environ-
ment. The graph that correctly represents their cooling is 1 4734 − 3004
(3) (4)
6734 − 3004

16
(1) (2) T
T

91. A
 black metal foil is warmed by radiation from a small
S sphere at temperature T and at a distance d. It is found
C
C
that the power received by the foil is P. If both the
S ­temperature and the distance are doubled, the power
t t
received by the foil is
(3) T (4) T
(1) 16P (2) 4P

S (3) 2P (4) P
C, S
C 92. T
he total energy radiated from a blackbody source
is ­collected for 1 min and is used to heat a quantity of
t t
­water. The temperature of water is found to increase
86. W
 hich of the following is the fm–T graph for a perfectly from 20 °C to 20.5 °C. If the absolute temperature of the
blackbody (fm is the maximum frequency of radiation) blackbody is doubled and the experiment is repeated
fm D with the same quantity of water at 20 °C, the tempera-
B ture of water is
C
(1) 21 °C (2) 22 °C

A (3) 24 °C (4) 28 °C
T 93. The graph shown in the adjacent diagram, represents
(1) A (2) B the variation of temperature (T) of two bodies, x and
(3) C (4) D y having same surface area, with time (t) due to the

Chapter 09.indd 423 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 424 OBJECTIVE PHYSICS FOR NEET

emission of radiation. Find the correct relation between 100. Assuming the Sun to have a spherical outer surface of
the emissivity (e) and absorptivity (a) of the two bodies. radius r, radiating like a blackbody at temperature t  °C,
the power received by a unit surface, (normal to the in-
T
cident rays) at a distance R from the centre of the Sun is,
y where s is the Stefan’s constant,
x r 2s (t + 273)
4
4pr 2t 4
(1) (2)
R 2
4p R 2

t
r 2s (t + 273)
4
16p 2r 2s t
e x > e y and a x < a y
(1) e x < e y and a x > a y
(2) (3) 2
(4)
R R2

e x > e y and a x > a y

(3) e x < e y and a x < a y
(4)
Level 3
 ot water cools from 60 °C to 50 °C in the first 10 min
94. H
and to 42 °C in the next 10 min. The temperature of the 101. A spherical body of area A, and emissivity e = 0.6 is kept
surroundings is inside a black body. What is the rate at which energy is
(1) 5 °C (2) 10 °C radiated per second at temperature T?

(3) 15 °C (4) 20 °C (1) 0.6σ AT 4 (2) 0.4σ AT 4

(3) 0.8σ AT 4 (4) 1.0σ AT 4
95. H
 ot water kept in a beaker placed in a room cools from
70 °C to 60 °C in 4 min. The time taken by it to cool from 102. A black body calorimeter filled with hot water cools
69 °C to 59 °C is from 60 °C to 50 °C in 4 min and 40 °C to 30 °C in 8 min.
The approximate temperature of surroundings is
(1) the same 4 min. (2) more than 4 min.
(3) less than 4 min. (4) cannot say definitely. (1) 10 °C (2) 15 °C
(3) 20 °C (4) 25 °C
96. A
 calorimeter of mass 0.2 kg and specific heat
900 J (kg K)−1, containing 0.5 kg of a liquid of specific heat 103. If the temperature of a black body is increased by 50%
2400 J (kg K)−1. Its temperature falls from 60 °C to 55 °C then the amount of radiation emitted by it will
in 1 min. The rate of cooling is (1) increase by 400%. (2) decrease by 400%.
(1) 5 J s−1 (2) 15 J s−1 (3) decrease by 50%. (4) increase by 50%.
(3) 100 J s−1 (4) 115 J s−1
104. Radius of a sphere is R, density is d and specific heat is s.
97. T
 he rates of cooling of two different liquids put in exactly It is heated and then allowed to cool. Its rate of decrease
similar calorimeters and kept in identical surroundings of temperature will be proportional to
are the same if 1
(1) Rds (2)

(1) the masses of the liquids are equal. Rds

1
(2) equal masses of the liquids at the same temperature (3) (4) R2ds
R 2ds

are taken.
(3) different volumes of the liquids at the same temper- 105. If a body at 27 °C emits 0.3 watt of heat then at 627 °C, it
ature are taken. will emit heat equal to
(4) equal volumes of the liquids at the same tempera- (1) 24.3 watt (2) 0.42 watt
ture are taken. (3) 2.42 watt (4) 0.9 watt
98. A
 solid copper cube of edges 1 cm is suspended in an 106. If the rate of emission of radiation by a body at tem-
evacuated enclosure. Its temperature is found to fall from perature T K is E then graph between log E and log T
100 °C to 99 °C in 100 s. Another solid copper cube of will be
edges 2 cm, with similar surface nature, is suspended in
a similar manner. The time required for this cube to cool
down from 100 °C to 99 °C is, approximately, (1) log E
(2) log E

(1) 25 s (2) 50 s
(3) 200 s (4) 400 s log T log T

99. A
 blackbody is at 727  °C. It emits energy at a rate which
is proportional to (3) log E
(4) log E

(1) (727 )2
(2) (1000)4

(3) (1000)2
(4) (727 )4
log T log T

Chapter 09.indd 424 26/06/20 4:46 PM

 Heat Transfer 425

107. A liquid takes 10 minutes to cool from 80 °C to 50 °C. 109. Two stars A and B radiate maximum energy at wave-
The temperature of the surroundings is 20 °C. Assuming lengths 4000 Å and 5000 Å, respectively. The ratio of
that the Newton’s law of cooling is obeyed, the cooling their temperature will be
constant will be (1) 1 : 2 (2) 2 : 1
(1) 0.056 minute–1 (2) 0.042 minute–1 (3) 4 : 5 (4) 5 : 4
(3) 0.081 minute–1 (4) 0.069 minute–1

108. A metallic sphere cools from 50 °C to 40 °C in 300 seconds.

If the room temperature is 20 °C then its temperature in
next 5 minutes will be
(1) 38 °C (2) 36 °C
(3) 33.3 °C (4) 30 °C

Answer Key
1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (2) 6. (2) 7. (2) 8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (2)
11. (3) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (1) 15. (3) 16. (1) 17. (3) 18. (1) 19. (3) 20. (1)
21. (4) 22. (3) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (1) 26. (4) 27. (3) 28. (1) 29. (2) 30. (2)
31. (1) 32. (4) 33. (3) 34. (3) 35. (1) 36. (2) 37. (2) 38. (2) 39. (4) 40. (1)
41. (3) 42. (4) 43. (4) 44. (1) 45. (4) 46. (1) 47. (3) 48. (4) 49. (4) 50. (1)
51. (2) 52. (2) 53. (3) 54. (4) 55. (1) 56. (4) 57. (3) 58. (1) 59. (3) 60. (2)
61. (2) 62. (2) 63. (2) 64. (1) 65. (2) 66. (3) 67. (1) 68. (2) 69. (4) 70. (4)
71. (4) 72. (1) 73. (2) 74. (1) 75. (1) 76. (1) 77. (2) 78. (2) 79. (2) 80. (2)
81. (2) 82. (2) 83. (3) 84. (4) 85. (3) 86. (2) 87. (1) 88. (2) 89. (1) 90. (4)
91. (2) 92. (4) 93. (3) 94. (2) 95. (2) 96. (4) 97. (4) 98. (3) 99. (2) 100. (4)
101. (1) 102. (2) 103. (1) 104. (2) 105. (1) 106. (3) 107. (4) 108. (3) 109. (4)

Hints and Explanations

1. (1) When a piece of glass is heated, due to low thermal heat) is enclosed between the two blankets due to
conductivity it does not conduct heat fast. Hence, which it gives more warmth.
unequal expansion of its layers cracks the glass. 6. (2) Temperature of water just below the lower surface of
ice layer is 0 °C.
2. (1) Due to the presence of air in snow, it becomes more
insulating because air is poor conductor of heat. 7. (2) Heat passes quickly from the body into the metal
which leads to a cold feeling.
3. (2) We know that rate of heat conduction is given by 8. (3) Heat energy always flows from higher temperature
dQ dT to lower temperature. Hence, temperature differ-
= KA
dt dl ence with respect to length (temperature gradient)
dQ dT is required to flow heat from one part of a solid to
⇒ ∝  (i.e., temperature gradient) other part.
dt dl
4. (3) Mud is bad conductor of heat so it prevents the flow 9. (1) When the temperature of an object is equal to that of
of heat between surroundings and inside. human body, no heat is transferred from the object
to body and vice versa. Therefore, block of wood and
5. (2) Two thin blankets put together are warmer than one
block of metal feel equally cold and hot if they have
thick blanket because an insulating layer of air (as
same temperature as human body.
air is good insulator of heat or poor conductor of

Chapter 09.indd 425 26/06/20 4:46 PM