Pure and Impure Matter

Pure & impure matter
Learning Objectives
• Understand the differences between pure and impure matter
• Be able to draw or recognise diagrams showing pure and impure
matter
• Be able to classify elements, compounds and mixtures into pure and
impure matter
• State the differences between physical change and chemical change
and give examples
• Be able to list the differences between homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures with examples
• Classify the different types of mixtures as either solutions,
suspensions and colloids and know their differences
Introduction
• Pure matter contains only one type
of PARTICLE (atom, ion or molecule)
e.g. pure water contains ONLY water
particles
• Characteristics of pure matter

1. A fixed melting point and boiling
point
2. A single spot on a chromatogram
(a single spot means there are no
other substances present)
Substances 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are pure,
but M is not
ELEMENT VS COMPOUND
• Pure matter can EITHER be an • A compound contains two or
element or a compound. more elements chemically
combined in a fixed ratio i.e. IN A
DIAGRAM, THERE ARE THE SAME
• An element is a substance made GROUPS OF ATOMS
up of only ONE type of atom e.g.
carbon contains only carbon
atoms i.e.
Confidence Builder
• 1. Pure matter has two basic • Would the diagram below
characteristics, what are they? represent pure or impure
matter? Give a reason for your
answer
• 2. Substance X melts at 45 oC,
while substance J melts between
70-73 oC. What can one deduce
about substances X and J?
Impure matter
• Impure matter contains more • Mixtures can be homogeneous or
than one type of PARTICLE heterogeneous.
(atom, ion or molecule) e.g. sea • A homogeneous mixture has the
water contains water particles, same composition throughout, in
salt particles and sand particles other words you cannot tell one
• All impure matter are called part from another.
mixtures • A heterogeneous mixture does
• A mixture contains two or more not have the same composition
substances physically combined throughout, in other words you
in any ratio e.g. sand and water can tell one part of the mixture
from another.
Confidence Builder
• State which of the following • f) freshly squeezed (not strained)
mixtures are homogeneous or orange juice
heterogeneous • g) coffee
• a) air • h) bleach
• b) salt water • i) dirty bath water
• c) sand and water • j) sea water
• d) powdered chalk and water
• e) rubbing alcohol
Physical change vs chemical change 1 of 2
• A mixture is formed by a
physical change. No new
substance is formed
• A compound is formed by
a chemical change. A new
substance is formed
Physical change vs chemical change 2 of 2
Physical change Chemical change
When completed, the new substance looks When completed, the new substance looks
similar to the original substance different than the original substance VIDEO
Reversible e.g. melting of ice Irreversible e.g. burning of wood
Mixtures can be easily separated into their Compounds cannot be easily separated into
components their components
Properties of mixture has combined properties Properties of compound different than
of components used to make the mixture. e.g. properties of elements used to make the
sand and water still have properties of water compound. e.g ash has different properties than
and sand wood
Examples of chemical change: - burning of gasoline/paper/wood, combustion of fireworks, baking of a cake
Examples of physical change:- mixing of sand and water, melting of ice, freezing of water, heating of iodine crystals
Confidence builder
•For each picture

in the diagram,
state whether a
physical or
chemical change
is occurring
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures 1 of 2
• Homogeneous mixtures • Heterogeneous mixtures

are called solutions. can either be suspensions
or colloids.
• Examples of homogeneous
mixtures:- salt water, sugar • Examples of heterogeneous
water, air, acids, alkalis mixtures:- sand and water,
powdered chalk and water,
milk, paint
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures 2 of 2
Mixture Composition Size of Can pass Settles Exhibits the Appearance Examples
particles through out Tyndall effect
filter under
paper gravity
Solution uniform very small, yes no no transparent air, salt water
cannot be
seen with the
naked eye
Colloid non-uniform intermediate yes no yes not milk, paint, glue

but still transparent
cannot be but may
seen with the APPEAR to be
naked eye homogeneous
Suspension non-uniform large no yes yes (only if its a not sand and water,
very fine transparent powdered chalk and
suspension) water
Tyndall effect
•The Tyndall effect, also
known as
Willis–Tyndall
scattering, is light
scattering by particles
in a colloid or in a very
fine suspension.
Solute vs solvent in a solution
• In a solution, the solvent is
the substance in the greater
quantity and the solute is
the substance in the smaller
quantity.
• For example in salt water,
the solvent is the water and
the salt is the solute. Think
of the solvent as doing the
dissolving and the solute as
the substance being
dissolved.
Summary
• Matter can be either pure or impure
• Pure matter has certain characteristics which are different from impure matter e.g. fixed melting
and boiling point for pure matter
• Impure matter is called a mixture while elements and compounds would be considered pure
matter
• Physical change forms mixtures, while chemical change forms compounds
• Physical change and chemical change has different characteristics
• Mixtures can be homogeneous or hetergeneous
• Homogeneous mixtures are solutions while heterogeneous mixtures are suspensions and
colloids
• Each type of mixture has its own properties and characteristics
• The Tyndall effect can be used to tell the difference between a solution and a colloid
Practice Questions
• Click on the link below to do some practice questions in order to
master the topic Pure & impure matter
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeQ9-8l2gfGSMVhI
sA2TFCkOq7c97ByBMkF1ehWI1cJ2lxY7g/viewform?usp=sf_link

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Pure & impure matter

• Characteristics of pure matter

Examples of chemical change: - burning of gasoline/paper/wood, combustion of fireworks, baking of a cake

•For each picture

• Homogeneous mixtures • Heterogeneous mixtures

Colloid non-uniform intermediate yes no yes not milk, paint, glue

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