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    Degree of Saturation and Formation of Solution

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    adansoftina
    The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

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    Degree of Saturation and Formation of Solution

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    adansoftina
    5 views10 pages
    The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

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    Degree-of-Saturation-and-Formation-of-Solution

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    The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views10 pages

    Degree of Saturation and Formation of Solution

    Uploaded by

    adansoftina
    The document discusses the three stages of saturation in solutions: unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount that can dissolve. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than normal by adding excess solute or changing conditions.

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    Degree of saturation

    Unsaturated, Saturated or
    Supersaturated?
     How much solute can be dissolved in a
    solution?
    A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of a
    solute that will dissolve in a given solvent at a specific
    temperature.

    An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the solvent


    has the capacity to dissolve at a specific temperature.

    A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is


    present in a saturated solution at a specific temperature.
    Sodium acetate crystals rapidly form when a seed crystal is
    added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate.
    Degree of saturation
    • Saturated solution
    ➢Solvent holds as much
    solute as is possible at
    that temperature.
    ➢Undissolved solid
    remains in flask.
    ➢Dissolved solute is in
    dynamic equilibrium
    with solid solute
    particles.
    Degree of saturation

    • Unsaturated
    Solution
    ➢Less than the
    maximum amount of
    solute for that
    temperature is
    dissolved in the
    solvent.
    ➢No solid remains in
    flask.
    Example: Saturated and Unsaturated
    Fats
    Saturated fats Unsaturated fats
    ▪ all of the bonds between • have at least one double
    the carbon atoms in a fat are bond between carbon
    single bonds. atoms
    ▪ stable and hard to • These are REQUIRED to
    decompose carry out many functions in
    ▪ The body can only use the body.
    these for energy, and so the • Fish oils (fats) are usually
    excess is stored. unsaturated.
    ▪These should be avoided in • Olive and canola oil are
    diets. monounsaturated.
    ▪Butter and coconut oil are
    mostly saturated fats.
    Degree of saturation

    • Supersaturated
    ➢Solvent holds more solute than is normally
    possible at that temperature.
    ➢These solutions are unstable; crystallization can
    often be stimulated by adding a “seed crystal” or
    scratching the side of the flask.
    • One application of
    a supersaturated
    solution is the
    sodium acetate
    “heat pack.”
    3 Stages of Solution Process
    • Separation of Solute
    – must overcome IMF or ion-ion attractions in solute
    – requires energy, ENDOTHERMIC ( + DH)
    • Separation of Solvent
    – must overcome IMF of solvent particles
    – requires energy, ENDOTHERMIC (+ DH)
    • Interaction of Solute & Solvent
    – attractive bonds form between solute particles and
    solvent particles
    – “Solvation” or “Hydration” (where water = solvent)
    – releases energy, EXOTHERMIC (- DH)

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