CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR LANE RAILWAY OVER BRIDGE ON NARKHED RAILWAY LINE

Chapter 1 : ABSTRACT

This is the project of “Construction of four lane Railway over bridge”. The Works for
Construction of approaches to Railway Over Bridge (ROB) on Narkhed Railway line
including strengthening and black Topping to road. It is oriented towards the North
West direction facing towards the Amravati Western Bypass Road. Estimated cost of
project is 115 crore and the project duration Is 15 Months.

The Narkhed to Amravati Railway line chainage 29/0 SH which is a very busy traffic
route. During train timings, railway crossing closer leading to a long ques of traffic on
the road on both sides crossing. At this location, Railway Over Bridge (ROB) is very
much required to solve the problems of traffic jam, wastage of fuel & time and to curb
the problem of air pollution due to traffic jam at railway crossing. This initiative of
ROB was taken by PWD , No. 2 Construction Division, Amravati.

The project includes construction of ROB approaches, cross drainage structure and
service roads. After the construction of this project completed there shall be saving of
travel time due to free flow of traffic and this location shall also becomes accidents -
free. There is great convenience to the commuters after the completion of this project.

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Chapter 2: INTRODUCTION

PREAMBLE: Specifies the basic information of the site, discuss the purpose of
industrial training. It enables us to know the organization structure of department and
get to know about the organization of report.

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF SITE

This railway route is also busy. During train timings, railway crossing closer leading
to a long ques of traffic on the road on both sides crossing. At this location, Railway
Over Bridge (ROB) is very much required to solve the problems of traffic jam,
wastage of fuel & time and to curb the problem of air pollution due to traffic jam at
railway crossing. This initiative of ROB was taken by PWD, Construction Division,
World Bank, Sangrur. The project includes construction of ROB approaches, three
span structure portion, cross drainage structure and service roads. After the
construction of this project completed there shall be saving of travel time due to free
flow of traffic and this location shall also becomes accidents free. There is great
convenience to the commuters after the completion of this project.
A railway over bridge (ROB) is built over railway tracks to accommodate traffic. It
is designed to avoid the interception of highways and railway tracks, ensuring an
uninterrupted flow for both cars and trains. Typically, made of steel or concrete,
ROBs are built to Withstand a lot of weight, allowing large trains to safely pass over
them. These bridges are built at height that prevents trains from obstructing the
movement of vehicles as they pass underneath. The railway authority and the local
civic authorities are responsible for planning and coordinating the construction of an
ROB.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF ROB

 Increased safety : One of the main advantages of ROBs is that they do away
with the necessity of level crossings between highways and railway tracks,
lowering the possibility of train-vehicle collisions.
 Enhanced traffic flow : Vehicles can cross underneath the ROBs without being
impeded by passing trains, allowing for continuous vehicular traffic flow. This
eases traffic congestion.
 Reduced travel time : Since drivers no longer must wait for trains to pass at
level crossings, which can result in considerable delays, ROBs can help cut
travel time for cars.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

 To provide field exposure to students.

 To have a better understanding of Engineering Practices.
 To make them adapt to Field conditions.
 To provide opportunities to the students to handle tasks independently.
 To help students to understand the duties of an Engineer and other supervisory
staff in an organization.
 To understand the working of the latest field equipment, machinery, and
various tools.
 To understand rules by -laws safety precautions on the Construction site.
 To observe and study the various terminologies used in construction.

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1.4 HIGHLIGHTS OF PROJECT:

Title of the project:- Project Report On Construction Of Four lane Railway over Bridge on
Narkhed Railway line.
Government Agency Name:- Public Work Department
Address :- PWD, Amravati
Engineer Name :- Jadhav Sir (JE)
Contact Number :- 74472 95577
Location of the project :- It is oriented towards the North West direction facing
towards the Amravati Western Bypass Road.
Duration of the project :- 2 Years
Cost of the project :- 115 crore
Status of the project :- ROW demarcation by Land record department is in progress.
Structural Drawing & designing work in progress.
Type of Bridge :- Skew Bridge

Chainage :- SH-299 Ch. 29/00 Bridge

36.00 m span will be construct by
P.W.D

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Fig 2 Location of Site

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1.5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF DEPARTMENT:

Additional Chief Secretary

Secretary (Road) Secretary (Building)

Chief Engineer

Superintending Engineer

Executive Engineer

Subdivisional Engineer

Sub officer

Civil Engineering Assistant

Fig 3 Organization Structure of Department

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1.6 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT:

CHAPTER 1: First CHAPTER consist of Introduction to site, objectives of ROB,

objectives of industrial training, highlights of project and organization structure of
department.
CHAPTER 2: In this CHAPTER, we have studied about the various research papers
and got to know about the various techniques of construction of building.
CHAPTER 3: In this CHAPTER, we have studied about various methods involved in
construction of building, taking into account all contractual and legal requirements.
Include sequence of structural work like site clearance, layout etc.
CHAPTER 4: It includes the general abstract which includes technical sanction
amount civil work and a copy of technical sanction.
CHAPTER 5: In this CHAPTER of project planning and scheduling includes various
events and the duration of that event and timeline of project.
CHAPTER 6: This includes various types of equipments, ranging from heavy
machinery to hand tools. Earthmoving Equipments, material handling equipments
concrete equipment, compaction equipment etc.
CHAPTER 7: This CHAPTER includes material testing, which ensures durability,
safety of the bridge. This includes Testing on
CHAPTER 8: It's essential to consider factors to minimize the negative impact
on the environment which includes various ideas to reduce the negative impact of
construction industries on environment.
CHAPTER 9: Ensuring safety during the construction of an ROB is paramount to
protect the well-being of workers, visitors, and the surrounding community.
Which involves various methods of safety implementation techniques to be followed
on site.
CHAPTER 10: In this CHAPTER, we conclude the report and future scope of the
construction of ROB.

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Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY

PREAMBLE: Construction methodology or project Execution methodology refers to

the planned method of Construction, taking into account all contractual and legal
Requirements, construction constraints, risk and opportunities.

Surveying

Traffic design

Engineering Design

Foundation

Bearings

Girders

Shuttering

Concreting

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3.1 Site Clearance : Site clearance is the process of removing waste as a way of
making sure that an area is free from hazardous material and any other obstacles
or huge mess as part of preparing the area for a construction or demolition project.
When working with a professional team, they use heavy machinery that fast tracks
the work and they are responsible for the safe disposal of all waste on the land.
What is the purpose of Site Clearance?
Getting rid of debris, equipment not in use and abandoned buildings is the main
point of doing land clearance. The top surface of the soil which can not be built on
if your planning a construction project is also removed.
Before the actual clearance begins, experienced surveyors from Busters Group
will assess your land and its conditions and prepare different project documents
that will indicate the following:
 Big risks for the project and mitigation actions
 Ground conditions present on the land
 The best effective methods for doing the work
 Direction and order of waste removal
 Identify potential environmental effects of the project and how to deal with
them
 all the necessary regulator paperwork

Fig 4 Site Clearance

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3.2 Surveying: Civil surveying is an engineering operation that involves assessing

and recording details about an area of land. These observations can then be used
to help plan construction projects. The main purpose of surveying in civil
engineering is to determine the three-dimensional relationships between different
locations. Knowing information like the distances and angles between points and
lines helps engineers determine how to draw up plans for public buildings, homes,
roads, bridges and a variety of other construction and infrastructure projects.
Elements of the construction survey:
 Survey existing conditions of the future work site, including topography,
existing buildings and infrastructure, and underground infrastructure
whenever possible (for example, measuring invert elevations and
diameters of sewers at manholes)
 Stake out lot corners, stake limit of work and stake location of construction
trailer (clear of all excavation and construction)
 Stake out reference points and markers that will guide the construction of
new structures
 Verify the location of structures during construction
 Provide horizontal control on multiple floors

Fig 5 Surveying using Total Station

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3.3 Layout Marking: Building layout refers to the process of designing the physical
layout of a building or structure, including its shape, size, orientation, and
positioning on the construction site. The building layout is an important aspect of
the construction process as it determines the overall appearance, functionality, and
efficiency of the building. The building layout design process involves taking into
consideration various factors, such as the intended use of the building, the
surrounding environment, building codes and regulations, and the budget for the
project. The layout must also take into account accessibility and safety
considerations, such as the placement of entrances, exits, and emergency exits.

The following procedure is recommended for the demarcation of a building:

• Mark the baseline on the ground from the centreline of the road, or a permanent
building nearby. This line helps to mark out the front of a building.
• Use a side structure, road, first baseline, or plot boundary to mark side baselines
of the building.
• Fix temporary pegs at the centreline of walls/columns on both sides of walls and
columns in front and backside.
• Fix peg at the centreline of walls/columns on both sides of the walls and
columns on the left and right side of the building front.
• Check diagonals of the square or rectangle formed after fixing pegs.
• Construct marking pillars with pegs at a distance of 1.5 meters to 2 meters, and
plaster their top surface.
• Mark centre line on the top of marking pillars with the help of thread (Soot) or
with the Theodolite in big projects and the diagonal, and check other dimensions.
• Level marked pillars on all corners of the building.
• Mark the foundation of walls/columns according to drawing on the ground with
the help of centre line marked on the marking pillars.
• Use chalk powder to mark the foundation trench on the ground.

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Fig 6 Layout Marking

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Chapter 4: ESTIMATION AND COSTING

PREAMBLE: It involves the initial phase where the project's scope, requirements, and
materials needed are assessed. It typically includes a detailed breakdown of expenses,
labor, materials, equipment, and other costs associated with the construction project.
This phase often outlines the methodology used for cost estimation, factors
influencing the budget, and any assumptions or constraints considered during
the estimation process.

4.1 ESTIMATION:

 Quantities Take-off: It starts by taking off quantities from architectural and

structural drawings, itemizing all the materials required, like bricks, cement, steel,
etc.
 Analysis of Rates: Based on the quantities, the next step is to analyse the rates of
materials, labour, and equipment in the market. This involves researching current
prices and determining the cost per unit of each item.
 Calculation: After getting the rates, quantities are multiplied by their respective
rates to get the total cost for each item. This forms the basis for estimating the cost
of materials.
 Labor and Overhead Costs: Estimation also involves calculating labor costs based
on the work involved and assigning overhead costs, including equipment, utilities,
insurance, etc.

4.2 COSTING:

 Unit Costing: Here, each unit of work (like per square foot of construction, per
meter of pipe laid, etc.) is assigned a cost based on the estimates.
 Categorization: Costs are categorized into direct costs (materials, labour) and
indirect costs (overheads, contingency, fees).
 Profit and Contingency: A provision for profit and contingency is added to the
total cost to ensure a buffer against unforeseen expenses and to account for the
contractor's profit margin.

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4.3 NEED OF ESTIMATION & COSTING

1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be
determined I.e., whether the project could be taken up with in the funds available
or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of work.
Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available or not.

4.4 PURPODE OF ESTIMATION

1. To ascertain the approximate cast of the project in order to decide its feasibility with
respect to the cast and to ensure the financial resources if the proposal u approved.
2. To ascertain the quantities and cost of materials required to complete the work.
3. For Pubic work, estimate is required in order. to obtain the administrative approval
fox allotment of funds and to obtain technical sanction for execution of work.
4. To invite tenders and to arrange and to prepare bills for payment from estimate.
5. To assess the cost and requirement of tools machineries. plants and equipment
required to complete the work.
6. To know the detailed cost of different categories of labors Needed like masonry
excavation, RCC work, plastering, painting.

4.5 DATA REQUIRED TO PREPARE ESTIMATION

1. Drawings: If the drawings are not clear and without complete dimensions the
preparation of estimation become very difficult. So, it is very essential before preparing
anestimate.
2. Detailed Specification
a) General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and
materials in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no form a
general idea of building.

b) Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the various items of
work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions, the
method of preparation workmanship and execution of work.

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3. Rates

For preparing the estimate the unit rates of each item of work are re-quired.

a) For arriving at the unit rates of each item.

b) The rates of various materials to be used in the construction.

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1 NAME OF : CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR LANE RAILWAY OVER

WORK :- - BRIDGE ON NARKHED RAIWAY LINE CHAINAGE
29/0 INCLUDING STRENGTHENING AND BLACK
TOPPING TO ROAD FROM CH.28/0 TO 31/0 ON
AMRAVATI WESTERN BYE-PASS ROAD SH-299.
2 Administrativ : A) Government of Maharashtra resolution no.PLN-
e Approval - 2021/CR-422/PL-3, Mumbai, Dt.26.02.2021,
Rs.115.00 Crores &
B) Government of Maharashtra resolution no.PLN-
2020/CR-180/PL-3, Mumbai, Dt.25.02.2020,
Rs.6.50 Crores

Technical : For Railway Portion

Sanctioned -
Construction of ROB Rs. 14,67,33,353.00
(Railway Portion)

A) Total Raiway Rs 14,67,33,353.0

Portion Cost . 0
For PWD Portion
Construction of Rs. 61,07,09,830.00
Viaduct & Minor
Bridge
Solid RE Wall & RCC Rs. 2,34,09,705.00
Drain
Construction of HPC Rs. 49,07,825.00
3 Nos
B) Total PWD Portion Rs 63,90,27360.0
Cost .
C) Royalty Charges Rs 92,28,028.00
.
D) Testing Charges Rs 15,79,112.00
.
E) Contingencies 4% Rs 3,14,30,411.00
.
F) Work Insurance Rs 78,57,603.00
1.00% .
G) Labour Insurance Rs 78,57,603.00
1.00% .
H) GST 18% Rs 14,14,36,851.0
. 0

Total Estimated Cost 98,51,49,895

Rs. .00
Fig. technical sanction

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Chapter 5: PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

PREAMBLE: Sets the stage for a comprehensive understanding of the project's

requirements, constraints, and success criteria. It forms the basis for developing a
detailed project plan and schedule that will guide the execution and monitoring of the
project. Creating a timeline that outlines the sequence of tasks and their
interdependencies.

5.1 PROJECT PLANNING:

Project planning in construction involves the initial phase where the entire project is
conceptualized, scoped, and strategized. Define the project scope, goals, and
deliverables. Identify what the building should achieve and its purpose. Identify
potential risks that could impact the project timeline or budget. Develop strategies to
mitigate these risks and create contingency plans. Obtain necessary permits, adhere to
building codes, and ensure compliance with local regulations before commencing
construction. Implement processes to ensure quality standards are met throughout the
project, including inspections, testing, and compliance checks. Effective project
planning lays the foundation for a successful construction project by setting clear
objectives, defining strategies, and ensuring proper resource allocation. Each step
plays a crucial role in the seamless execution of the ROB construction process.

5.2 SCHEDULING:

Scheduling in construction is crucial for coordinating various tasks, resources, and

timelines to ensure the project progresses efficiently. Continuously monitor the
progress of tasks against the schedule, update the schedule as needed, and
communicate any changes to stakeholders to maintain transparency. Implement
strategies to address delays promptly, whether by reallocating resources, adjusting
schedules, or re- sequencing tasks to minimize their impact on the overall project
timeline. Create Gantt charts to visualize the project schedule. Gantt charts display
tasks in a timeline format, showing their start and finish dates, dependencies, and
milestones. Estimate the time required for each activity considering factors like
resources, manpower, equipment, and historical data from similar projects

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Chapter 6: EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

PREAMBLE: The construction of a building involves the use of various types of

equipment, ranging from heavy machinery to hand tools. The specific equipment used
can vary depending on the size and type of construction project. Here is a general list
of equipment commonly used in building construction.

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Chapter 7: DIFFICULTIES FACED

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Chapter 8 : QUALITY CONTROL

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Chapter 9: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN

PREAMBLE: The construction of administrative buildings, like any construction

project, can have several environmental concerns. It's essential to consider these
factors to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Here are some common
environmental concerns associated with the construction of administrative buildings:

8.1 Land Use and Habitat Disruption:

Construction often requires clearing land, which can disrupt natural habitats and
ecosystems. This can lead to the displacement of plants and animals, potentially
causing long-term ecological damage.

8.2 Resource Depletion:

The extraction and use of construction materials such as concrete, steel, and wood can
deplete natural resources. Unsustainable extraction practices can lead to
environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity.

8.3 Energy Consumption:

Construction activities, including the operation of heavy machinery and transportation

of materials, typically require a significant amount of energy. This can contribute to
air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

8.4 Water Usage and Pollution:

Construction activities may involve the use of water for tasks such as dust control and
concrete curing. Improper management of water usage and runoff can lead to soil
erosion and water pollution.

8.5 Waste Generation:

Construction projects generate a substantial amount of waste, including debris,

packaging materials, and unused construction materials. Improper disposal can lead to
landfills, contributing to environmental pollution.

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8.6 Air Pollution:

Dust and emissions from construction machinery can contribute to air pollution. This
may have negative effects on air quality and the health of both construction workers
and nearby residents.

8.7 Transportation Impact:

The transportation of construction materials to the site can lead to increased traffic
congestion and emissions. Efficient logistics planning is cr2ucial to minimize the
environmental impact of transportation.

8.8 Greenhouse Gas Emissions:

The construction process, especially if reliant on energy-intensive materials and

practices, can contribute to the release of greenhouse gases, contributing to climate
change.

8.9 Sustainable Design Considerations:

The design of the administrative building itself can impact its long-term
environmental footprint. Incorporating sustainable design practices, such as energy-
efficient systems, green roofs, and use of renewable materials, can mitigate
environmental concerns.

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Fig 61 Environmental Concerns for construction

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Chapter 10: SAFETY CONCERN

PREAMBLE: Ensuring safety during the construction of an administrative building

is paramount to protect the well-being of workers, visitors, and the surrounding
community. Here are some key safety concerns that need to be addressed during the
construction process:

9.1 Fall Hazards:

Falls from heights are a significant concern in construction. Proper safety measures,
such as guardrails, safety nets, and personal fall arrest systems, should be in place,
especially when working on elevated surfaces.

9.2 Electrical Safety:

Construction sites involve the use of electrical equipment, and improper handling can
lead to electric shocks or fires. Workers should be trained in electrical safety, and
electrical systems must be installed and maintained according to regulations.

9.3 Machinery and Equipment Safety:

The operation of heavy machinery and equipment poses risks if not used correctly.
Proper training, maintenance, and adherence to safety protocols are crucial to prevent
accidents involving construction vehicles and equipment.

9.4 Hazardous Materials:

The use of hazardous materials in construction, such as certain chemicals, paints, and
solvents, requires careful handling, storage, and disposal. Workers should be
informed about potential hazards and provided with appropriate protective equipment.

9.5 Fire Safety:

Construction sites are susceptible to fire risks due to the presence of flammable
materials and equipment. Adequate fire prevention measures, including fire
extinguishers, emergency exits, and fire safety training, are essential.

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Fig 62 Safety Equipment to be used during construction

9.6 Confined Spaces:

Work within confined spaces can pose risks such as poor air quality and limited
escape routes. Proper training, ventilation, and safety protocols must be implemented
for tasks in confined spaces.

9.7 Structural Stability:

Construction sites involve the assembly of structural elements, and ensuring the
stability of these structures is critical to prevent collapses. Regular inspections and
adherence to engineering specifications are essential.

9.8 Noise and Vibration:

Construction activities generate noise and vibrations, which can have adverse effects
on workers' hearing and overall health. Implementing measures such as hearing
protection and monitoring noise levels is important.

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9.9 Manual Handling and Ergonomics:

Improper lifting and manual handling of materials can lead to musculoskeletal

injuries. Workers should be trained in proper lifting techniques, and mechanized
assistance should be used when feasible.

9.10 Communication and Signage:

Clear communication is vital on construction sites. Proper signage, including warning

signs, instructional signs, and emergency evacuation plans, helps prevent accidents
and guides workers.

9.11 Weather Conditions:

Adverse weather conditions can pose additional risks. Construction activities should
be planned and adjusted according to weather forecasts, and workers should be
protected from extreme conditions.

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Chapter 11: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

PREAMBLE: The conclusion of a building construction project typically involves

the completion of construction. As for the future scope, advancements in construction
technology, sustainable materials, and innovative design will likely play a significant
role, along with a continued focus on eco-friendly and energy-efficient buildings.

10.1 CONCLUSION:

We have experienced all the concerned activities of construction and face all the
consequences at the site with following things. Became familiar with the
organization's hierarchy. Visited the site's industrial surroundings and workplace
culture. Understood office protocol. Comprehended the methods and procedures
employed in building. Our issue became clear after we arrived. Verified the
obligations of each worker at the site about their responsibilities.. We had a very good
experience and exposure at the site through theoretical and practical study that we did
and practical experiences that we have taken are to make a lot of difference when we
go for the work in construction industry.

Learn the testing of various constitution materials, also learn the testing on soil and
understand their readings. Also understood the responsibilities of Executive Engineer,
Deputy Engineer, Junior Engineer etc.This project helps us lot in understanding not
only a construction activity but also changes our view toward project management,
labour management, material management that plays important role while
constructing or renovating buildings.

10.2 FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK:

The future scope of the construction of administrative buildings is influenced by

various factors, including advancements in technology, changing work dynamics,
sustainability considerations, and evolving design trends. Integration of smart
technologies for energy management, security, and communication systems within
administrative buildings. This may include IoT (Internet of Things) devices,
automation, and intelligent building management systems. Increasing emphasis on
environmentally friendly construction practices, with a focus on energy efficiency,

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renewable materials, and green building certifications. The incorporation of

sustainable design principles and green technologies can become more prevalent.

Growing focus on achieving net-zero energy consumption in administrative buildings

through the use of energy-efficient systems, renewable energy sources, and
sustainable construction practices. Construction practices that take into account the
impact of climate change, including designing buildings to withstand extreme weather
events and incorporating resilient materials and technologies. The development and
use of digital twins, digital replicas of physical buildings, for monitoring and
managing various aspects such as energy consumption, maintenance, and
performance. Designing administrative buildings with a strong emphasis on
accessibility and inclusivity, ensuring that the built environment is accommodating
for individuals with diverse needs. Increased use of prefabrication and modular
construction methods for faster construction timelines, reduced waste, and improved
cost efficiency.

Advancements in building security technologies, including access control systems,

surveillance, and emergency response systems, to enhance the safety of occupants. A
continued focus on creating administrative buildings that reflect the cultural context
of their location and incorporating aesthetically pleasing design elements. Utilization
of remote monitoring technologies for building maintenance, allowing for proactive
identification of issues and predictive maintenance to enhance operational efficiency.

The future of administrative building construction will likely involve a combination

of these trends, with an overarching emphasis on sustainability, technology
integration, and creating spaces that promote the well-being of occupants. As societal
and technological changes continue to unfold, the construction industry will adapt to
meet evolving needs and expectations in the design and construction of administrative
buildi

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REFERENCES

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PROJECT MEMBERS AND GUIDE DETAILS

PROJECT BATCH 2024-25

PROJECT GUIDE

Dr. M. N. QURESHI

Ph.D. (Structure), M.E. (Stucture), MBA, PGD (Canada)

Head of Civil Engineering Department.

Government College of Engineering, Yavatmal.

E-mail: mnq.hod.civil@gmail.com

Mobile No: +918668410411

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PROJECT GROUP MEMBER

SR.NO GROUP MEMBERS PROFILE PHOTO

NAME- BHAKTI SUBHASH DHONE

EMAIL ID-
1
bhaktidhone2019@gmail.com Mobile
no. 981787123

NAME-
EMAIL ID-
2
@gmail.com Mobile no.

NAME-
EMAIL ID-
3
@gmail.com
Mobile no.

NAME-
EMAIL ID-
4
@gmail.com
Mobile no.

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DRAWINGS OF PROJECT

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