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    Semiconductors

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    Archangel Gab
    This document discusses semiconductors and their properties. It begins by defining key terms related to atomic structure and models. It then explains that semiconductors have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing some electrons to move between bands. The document classifies semiconductors as intrinsic, containing only pure elements like silicon and germanium, or extrinsic, made conductive through doping with impurities. It also discusses properties of silicon as the most common semiconductor material.

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    Semiconductors

    Uploaded by

    Archangel Gab
    75 views29 pages
    This document discusses semiconductors and their properties. It begins by defining key terms related to atomic structure and models. It then explains that semiconductors have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing some electrons to move between bands. The document classifies semiconductors as intrinsic, containing only pure elements like silicon and germanium, or extrinsic, made conductive through doping with impurities. It also discusses properties of silicon as the most common semiconductor material.

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    This document discusses semiconductors and their properties. It begins by defining key terms related to atomic structure and models. It then explains that semiconductors have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing some electrons to move between bands. The document classifies semiconductors as intrinsic, containing only pure elements like silicon and germanium, or extrinsic, made conductive through doping with impurities. It also discusses properties of silicon as the most common semiconductor material.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    75 views29 pages

    Semiconductors

    Uploaded by

    Archangel Gab
    This document discusses semiconductors and their properties. It begins by defining key terms related to atomic structure and models. It then explains that semiconductors have a small band gap between the valence and conduction bands, allowing some electrons to move between bands. The document classifies semiconductors as intrinsic, containing only pure elements like silicon and germanium, or extrinsic, made conductive through doping with impurities. It also discusses properties of silicon as the most common semiconductor material.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 29

    Semiconductors

    1
    electronics defined…

    2
    atomic structure...

     Electrons
     Protons
     Neutrons

    3
    Key Terms
     Atomic Number
     Mass Number
     Nucleon Number
     Isotopes
     Bohr Model
     Shells
     Energy Levels
     Subshells
    4
    Atomic Models

    5
    energy band diagram...
    Energy
    (electron volt)

    Conduction Band

    Valence Band

    6
    materials...

    Conduction Band
    insulators
    conductors
    semiconductors
    (big band gap)

    Valence Band

    7
    materials...

    insulators
    conductors (overlapping bands)
    semiconductors

    Conduction Band

    Valence Band

    8
    materials...

    insulators
    conductors
    semiconductors Conduction Band

    (small band gap)

    Valence Band

    9
    semiconductors...

    10
    semiconductors...

    11
    semiconductors...

     elemental
     compound
     alloy

    12
    elemental semicon...

     silicon
     germanium

    13
    compound semicon...
    (III-V Compounds)
     GaAs  ZnO
     AlP  ZnS
     GaN  ZnSe
     InP  CdS
     InAs  CdSe
     InSb  CdTe
     AlSb  HgS
    (II-VI Compounds)
    14
    alloy semicon...

     AlXGa1-XAs
     GaAs1-XPX
     Hg1-XCdXTe
    The X in the alloy
    formulas is a fraction
    lying between 0 and 1. Ex.
    Al0.3Ga0.7As

    15
    crystals...

    16
    crystals...

    17
    crystals...

    18
    flow of charges...

    Diffusion Current
    Drift Current
    19
    semicon...

    Classification of Semiconductors:
     Intrinsic Semiconductors
     Extrinsic Semiconductors

    20
    extrinsic semicon...

    Objectives:
     increase the number of holes
     increase the number of free
    electrons
    Process Involved:
     doping

    21
    doping process...

    p-type n-type

    22
    p - type...

    23
    n - type...

    24
    p - type & n - type...

    p - type n - type

    25
    Miller indices...
     Crystallographic Notation
    (abc) crystal plane
    {abc} equivalent planes
    [abc] crystal direction
    <abc> equivalent directions

    26
    Mass Action Law

    n x p = n i2

     n – free electron concentration


     p – hole concentration
     ni – intrinsic carrier concentration
    (1.45 x 1010 cm-3 at 300 K)

    27
    properties...
    Si Electrical Properties:
     Relative Permittivity 11.7  Intrinsic carrier concentration (rt)
    1.45e10 carriers/cm3
     Permittivity 1.04e-10 F/m  Atomic density 4.995e22 atoms/cm3
     Index of refraction 3.42
     density of surface atoms
    • (100) 6.78e14/cm2
     Band Gap 1.124 eV (1.170 at 0k)
    • (110) 9.59e14/cm2
     Temperature dependence of band • (111) 7.83e14/cm2
     Atoms per unit cell 8
    gap -2.3e-4 eV/K  crystal structure: diamond
     n mobility 1350 (cm/s)/(V/cm)  Intrinsic Resistivity 2.3e5 ohm-cm
     p mobility 480 (cm/s)/(V/cm)


    Work function (intrinsic) 4.15 eV
    28
    properties...
    Si Chemical Properties
     Atomic Weight 28.0855

     Isotopes

    • 28 (92.23%)
    • 29 ( 4.67%)
    • 30 ( 3.10%)
     Atomic Number 14
     Atoms per unit cell 8
     crystal structure: diamond
     Lattice Constant 5.431 angstrom
     Bond Length 2.36 angstrom
    29

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