This document provides information about narrative past tenses in English, including examples and exercises. It discusses the use of the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. The past simple is used to describe completed actions and general states in the past. The past continuous describes activities in progress at a specific time in the past or as background to another event. The past perfect describes events that occurred before other past events. The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity up until another past event. Examples and forms of these tenses are provided. Later exercises practice using these tenses to sequence events, identify tense usage, and complete sentences.
This document provides information about narrative past tenses in English, including examples and exercises. It discusses the use of the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. The past simple is used to describe completed actions and general states in the past. The past continuous describes activities in progress at a specific time in the past or as background to another event. The past perfect describes events that occurred before other past events. The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity up until another past event. Examples and forms of these tenses are provided. Later exercises practice using these tenses to sequence events, identify tense usage, and complete sentences.
This document provides information about narrative past tenses in English, including examples and exercises. It discusses the use of the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. The past simple is used to describe completed actions and general states in the past. The past continuous describes activities in progress at a specific time in the past or as background to another event. The past perfect describes events that occurred before other past events. The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity up until another past event. Examples and forms of these tenses are provided. Later exercises practice using these tenses to sequence events, identify tense usage, and complete sentences.
This document provides information about narrative past tenses in English, including examples and exercises. It discusses the use of the past simple, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous tenses. The past simple is used to describe completed actions and general states in the past. The past continuous describes activities in progress at a specific time in the past or as background to another event. The past perfect describes events that occurred before other past events. The past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity up until another past event. Examples and forms of these tenses are provided. Later exercises practice using these tenses to sequence events, identify tense usage, and complete sentences.
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LIFE UPPER INTERMEDIATE
Unit 2 Narrative Past Tenses; The Passive Life Upper-Int Unit 2a Narrative Past Tenses Narrative Past Tenses- MEANING: Match each sentence with an explanation: 1) He came out of a left-hand corner too fast and lost control of the car. a) To describe the main events in sequence in the past, i.e. one after another 2) It was July 1976 and Lauda was leading the Formula 1 b) to describe something that happened before the main event(s) or story championship. c) to describe an activity in progress in the past, which is a background to the 3) A few days before, Lauda had main story or to an event within it tried to get the race stopped. d) to describe an activity in progress before or up to the main event(s) in the past 4) It had been raining during the e) to describe a general state in the past morning and the track was still wet. Narrative Past Tenses- USE
Past Simple: general states or Past Continuous: actions in the past; activity in progress at sequencing the main a specific time in the events in the past past; background to the main event
Past Perfect: an event happening before another in the past Narrative Past Tenses- FORM: Read the sentences below and answer the following questions. 1) He came out of a left-hand corner too fast and lost control of the car. - What form of the verb do we use in simple past? 2) It was July 1976 and Lauda was leading the Formula 1 championship. - What form of the verb do we use in past continuous? 3) A few days before, Lauda had tried to get the race stopped. - What are the TWO different 4) It had been raining during the forms of the verb for past morning and the track was still wet. perfect? Narrative Past Tenses– FORM Look at each sentence and see how past tenses are formed. • He came out of a left-hand corner too fast (PAST SIMPLE) Verb 2 • It was July 1976 and Lauda was leading the Formula 1.(PAST CONTINUOUS) was/were + Verb+ing
• A few days before, Lauda had tried to get the race stopped.(PAST PERFECT SIMPLE) had + Verb3(past participle)
• It had been raining during the morning. (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
had +been+Verb+ing
Do you remember how to form negatives and questions in theses tenses?
+ - ? Notes on Past Simple And Past Continuous: • We use the past simple to express :
general states or actions that are finished in the past:
Ex: It was a cold winter. We had a terrible winter.
the main events in the past in sequence; one after another
Ex: He got in the car, started the engine and drove away.
• We use the past continuous to express:
actions in progress at a specific time in the past:
Ex: I was having lunch at 12:45 yesterday.
the background to an event or a story:
Ex: I was sleeping when the phone rang. // It was 1998 and I was living in Paris. Notes on Past Perfect Simple and Continuous:
• We use the Past Perfect Simple:
when we need to make it clear that one past event happened before another one. Ex: When the police arrived, the thieves had already left. (= First the thieves left, then the police arrived.) to describe something that happened (or a state that was true) before the main event(s) or story. Ex: I couldn’t believe it when I saw the plane tickets in his hand. I had always wanted to visit Australia!
• We use the Past Perfect: Continuous:
To describe a longer activity in progress before or up to a main event in the past. Ex: It had been snowing all night and my flight was cancelled. We’d been enjoying a morning on the beach when something strange happened. Notes on Past Continuous and Past Perfect Continuous:
• Note that we use both past continuous and past perfect continuous to talk about an activity in progress in the past. With the past perfect continuous there is more emphasis on the duration of the activity.
I'd been walking all morning, so I had really sore feet.
(I was walking for a long time before my feet got sore.) I was crossing the road when I saw him. (The two actions happened around the same time, No duration) Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 1a: Put the sentences in the correct order to make a story.
A5 When she arrived at the restaurant, she realized that she’d left her purse at home. B3 Anu had completely forgotten about her friend’s birthday dinner and now she was late! C In the end, she had a great evening, and the best thing was she didn’t have to pay for 9 anything! D7 After paying the taxi driver, she joined her friends, who were all really hungry. E1 Anu was sitting at home when she received a message on her phone. F6 So, she ran inside the restaurant and asked her friends for some money. G4 She decided to get a taxi to the restaurant. H8 They’d been waiting for a long time for her to arrive! I2 It was from her best friend and it was about the dinner party that evening. Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 1b: Match the underlined verbs from Exercise 1a with the uses (a–e). a a main event in the story ‘d left b something that happened before the main events in the story had completely forgotten c an activity in progress in the past – background to the main story had d an activity in progress up to a main event in the past was sitting e one event in the story that happened before another event in the story ‘d been waiting Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with the past perfect continuous. Use the prompts. 1 The roads were really wet because … it / rain / allrainning it had been night. all night.
2 André couldn't concentrate because … he / not sleepslept
he hadn’t / well. well.
3 WeWe /not hadn’t been wait/waiting forforlong long. … before the train arrived.
I had been 4 I / study hardstudying / allallmorning morning … so I decided to have a break. 5 you Had you been / look forlooking a new for ajob new/job for aalong for longtimetime … before you found one?
6 He was very happy with his result because …hehe had /
been trytrying to pass the to pass the exam
exam / for years.
7 I had a sore throat because … I / Ising had been singing all morning. / all morning. Had Maria been working at the company for long 8 Maria / work at the company / for long … before she was promoted? Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 3: Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. was reading One day in 2001, Adele Geraghty 1 _______________________ (read) a newspaper when saw she 2 _______________________(see) an advert for a poetry competition. She 3 decided _______________________ (decided) to email some of her work. Soon after, she 4 had received _______________________(receive) a reply from a university professor called Phil. He 5 received didn’t understand _______________________ (receive) similar messages and 6 _______________________ (not understand) why. Adele found out that the newspaper 7 _______________________(print) had printed Phil’s email address by mistake, instead of the emailwrote for the poetry competition, so she 8 _______________________ (write) to Phil to tell him. Adele and Phil felt an instant connection and 9 _______________________(develop) a strong friendship, even though developed Adele was in the USA, and Phil was 3,000 miles away in the UK. They met for the first time in 2002, exactly one year after they 10had _______________________ sent (send) their first messages, and five years after that, they got married. Work on the following exercises from the book.
Page 23: Exercises 6-12
Life Upper-Int Unit 2b The Passive The Passive - MEANING: Read the sentences below and answer the following questions. 1) People present a lot of factual information visually now. - What is the subject in each sentence? 2) A lot of factual information is - What is the connection between the presented visually now. subject and the verb in each sentence? Who does the action? - Does the subject do the verb in each 3) In the past, publishers used sentence? photos in magazines. - Which sentences do you think are 4) In the past, photos were used active? Which sentences are passive? in magazines. - How do you understand the tense in each sentence? The Passive - USE
• When we use the active form, the focus of the sentence is on the ‘agent’ – the person or thing that does an action. Ansel Adams took this photo. • When we use the passive, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject. Ansel Adams took this photo. object This photo was taken by Ansel Adams. subject The focus of the sentence is now on ‘this photo’, not the photographer. The Passive - FORM verb Be + Verb 3 (past participle) is held every year. is being held soon. The photography exhibition has been held here since 2010. was held in June. was being held when we visited. had been held just days before. will be held netx month. should be held soon. We don’t normally use the passive with the present perfect continuous or past perfect continuous. Notes on The Passive • If we want to mention the agent in a passive sentence, we introduce it with the preposition by. We normally do this when the agent is new or important information.
Ex: The photo was shared by over ten million people.
The theory was developed by a group of students from Harvard. Notes on The Passive • There are also infinitive (with and without to) and -ing forms of the passive.
I didn’t expect to be criticized so much.
(expect to do=expect to be done) I enjoy being photographed. (enjoy doing=enjoj being done)
In order to do this, you must be aware of gerund & infinitive !!
Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences (or parts of sentences) in italics using the passive. 1 The first book printed in English was a collection of stories about the Trojan Wars, printed in 1473. You can see it in the British library in London. It can be seen in the British library in London. 2 One of the most popular songs in 2014 was ‘Happy’. Pharrell Williams wrote and performed it. It was written and performed by Pharrel Williams. 3 The Olympic Games take place every four years. In 2024, theythey willwillhold them be held in Paris. in Paris.
4 In 2006, Edvard Munch’s famous painting The Scream was found. Two years earlier, a thief stole it from a gallery in Oslo. Two years earlier, it was (had been) stolen from a gallery in Oslo. 5 In 1962, three prisoners escaped the Alcatraz prison island in California, USA. The police never found them and they are still on the US government’s list of ‘wanted fugitives’. They were never found
6 WhatsApp has millions of users around the world. While you’re reading this sentence, people are sending about 1,000 messages every second. about 1000 messages are being sent every second. Exercise: Grammar Summary: Page 159 Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets. was made 1 Bernhard Schlink wrote The Reader in 1995. It ____________________(make) into an award-winning film in 2008. being read 2 I read stories to my children every night. They love ____________________ (read) to. 3 Snapchat ____________________ has been downloaded (download) over 500 million times since it was created.
4 I tried to get the book from the library but it already ____________________ had already been taken(take out out).
5 Larger cities can ____________________
be seen (see) easily from the International Space She hopes ____________________ to be awarded (award) a prize for her latest documentary series. Work on the following exercises from the book.
