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    Chapter 6 Acids & Bases (6.1)

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    Lh Moo
    This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as substances that react with acids to produce water and salts. It classifies acids as monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic based on the number of ionizable hydrogen atoms. Examples of strong acids like hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are given, along with examples of weak acids like ethanoic acid. Alkalis are defined as bases that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Common uses of acids and bases are also summarized such as in manufacturing, food preservation, and medicine.

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    Chapter 6 Acids & Bases (6.1)

    Uploaded by

    Lh Moo
    78 views23 pages
    This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as substances that react with acids to produce water and salts. It classifies acids as monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic based on the number of ionizable hydrogen atoms. Examples of strong acids like hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are given, along with examples of weak acids like ethanoic acid. Alkalis are defined as bases that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Common uses of acids and bases are also summarized such as in manufacturing, food preservation, and medicine.

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    C6

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    This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as substances that react with acids to produce water and salts. It classifies acids as monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic based on the number of ionizable hydrogen atoms. Examples of strong acids like hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are given, along with examples of weak acids like ethanoic acid. Alkalis are defined as bases that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Common uses of acids and bases are also summarized such as in manufacturing, food preservation, and medicine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    78 views23 pages

    Chapter 6 Acids & Bases (6.1)

    Uploaded by

    Lh Moo
    This document discusses acids and bases. It defines acids as substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions, and bases as substances that react with acids to produce water and salts. It classifies acids as monoprotic, diprotic or triprotic based on the number of ionizable hydrogen atoms. Examples of strong acids like hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are given, along with examples of weak acids like ethanoic acid. Alkalis are defined as bases that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions. Common uses of acids and bases are also summarized such as in manufacturing, food preservation, and medicine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

     ACIDS & BASES

    Meaning of ACID
     An acid is a chemical substance which ionises in………………. to produce
    ………….ions, H+.
    HCl  H+ + Cl-
    HNO3  H+ + NO3-
    H2SO4  2H+ + SO42-
    CH3COOH  CH3COO- + H+

     The hydrogen ion combines with a water molecule, H2O to form a


    ……………………….. ion, H3O+.
    H+ + H2O  H3O+
    Without The presence of ……………ion
    or ………….ion, a substance cannot
    show its acidic properties
    Basicity of Acids
     Acid can be classified as a ……………… acid
    or a ……………… acid based on its basicity.
     (Basicity is the number of ionisable ……………

    atoms per molecule of an acid.)

    Acids

    Monoprotic Triprotic
    Diprotic Acid
    Acid Acid
    Hydrochloric Acid,
    HCl Sulphuric Acid, H2SO4 Phosphoric Acid ,H3PO4
    CHEMICAL EQUATION
     Hydrochloric acid (Strong monoprotic acid)
    HCl (aq) → . . .…….(aq) + Cl- (aq)
     Nitric acid (Strong monoprotic acid)

    ………... (aq) → H+ (aq) + NO3 - (aq)


     Sulphuric acid (Strong diprotic acid)

    H2SO4 (aq) → ……. …… + ………..


     Ethanoic acid (Weak acid)

    CH3COOH (aq)  …………. + CH3COO- (aq)


    Properties of Acid

    Sour taste

    Change
    blue litmus Soluble in
    paper to water
    red

    Properties
    of Acid

    Colourless
    pH < 7
    solution

    Can
    conduct
    electricity
    Meaning of Base
     Base is a chemical substance that react with an
    acid to form ………………. and ……………

     Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are bases.

    MgO + 2HCl  + .

    NaOH + HCl  +

    NaOH + H2SO4  + .
    Meaning of Alkali
     Most base do not dissolve in water : MgO, ZnO,
    Zn(OH)2 ……

     Base that can dissolve in water is known as


    alkali : Na2O, KOH, NaOH…

     An alkali is a water-soluble base which ionises


    in water to produce ………..……………….., OH- .
    Meaning of Alkali
    CHEMICAL EQUATION
     Sodium hydroxide
    NaOH (aq) → …….(aq) + OH- (aq)

     Potassium hydroxide
    KOH (aq) → …….(aq) + OH- (aq)

     Ammonia solution / Ammonium hydroxide


    ……… (aq) + H2O (l)  NH4+ (aq) + …… (aq)
    Properties of ALKALIS

    Bitter taste

    Change red
    litmus Soluble in
    paper to water
    blue

    Properties
    of Alkalis

    Colourless
    pH > 7
    solution

    Can
    conduct
    electricity
    Defination
     An acid is a chemical substance which ionises
    in………………. to produce ………….ions, H+.

     An alkali is a chemical substance which


    ionises in………………. to produce
    ………….ions, OH-.

     Base is a chemical substance that react with


    an acid to form ………………. and ……………
    Uses of Acids & Bases page 138 - F4 Chemistry textbook

    (a) To use as chemical reagent


    Example: sodium hydroxide solution, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid

    (b) To manufacture and preserve food


    Example: Ethanoic acid (vinegar), benzoic acid
    (c)To make various medicine
    Example: Magnesium oxide  antacid medicine,
    Ascorbic acid  vitamin C
    (d)To produce soap, detergent and others
    Example: Sodium hydroxide  to make soap and detergent
    Magnesium hydroxide  added to tooth-paste
    (e)To manufacture dyes,……………………. and drugs
    Example: methylamine

    (f)Used in Agriculture
    Example:………………………………………………………………………
    Role of water and its properties of acids

    Effect on the blue


    Condition of oxalic acid
    litmus paper Inference

    Solid oxalic acid    

    Solid oxalic acid + water    


    Role of water and its properties of alkalis

    Condition of sodium Effect on the red


    Inference
    hydroxide litmus paper
     
    Dry  
     
    Aqueous (dissolved in
       
    water)

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