The document discusses IP addressing and networking concepts. It defines IP and IP addresses, and how IP addresses are used to identify devices on a network. The document also explains how IP addresses are divided into a network portion and a host portion using subnet masks.
The document discusses IP addressing and networking concepts. It defines IP and IP addresses, and how IP addresses are used to identify devices on a network. The document also explains how IP addresses are divided into a network portion and a host portion using subnet masks.
The document discusses IP addressing and networking concepts. It defines IP and IP addresses, and how IP addresses are used to identify devices on a network. The document also explains how IP addresses are divided into a network portion and a host portion using subnet masks.
The document discusses IP addressing and networking concepts. It defines IP and IP addresses, and how IP addresses are used to identify devices on a network. The document also explains how IP addresses are divided into a network portion and a host portion using subnet masks.
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IP Addressing
Presenting By: M R Khan Dipu
ID: 191-35-393 Department of Software Engineering IP IP stands for “Internet Protocol”. It provides a standard set of rules for sending and receiving data over the internet. It allows devices running on different platforms to communicate with each other as long as they are connected to the Internet. IP Address IP address stands for “Internet Protocol Address”. It is an identifying number that is associated with a specific computer or computer network. When connected to the internet, the IP address allows the computers to send and receive information. An IP address is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a host (computer or other device, such as a printer or router) on a TCP/IP network. IP addresses: Network and Host
IP addresses are normally expressed in dotted-decimal
format, with four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.123.132 For this above process to work, an IP address has two parts. The first part of an IP address is used as a network address, the last part as a host address. If you take the example 192.168.123.132 and divide it into these two parts, you get 192.168.123. Network .132 Host or 192.168.123.0 - network address. 0.0.0.132 - host address. Subnet Mask In IP, the parts of the IP address that are used as the network and host addresses are not fixed, so the network and host addresses above cannot be determined unless we have more information. The second item, which is required for IP to work, is the subnet mask. The subnet mask is used by the IP protocol to determine whether a host is on the local subnet or on a remote network. Example of Processing of IP Addressing To understand how subnet masks are used to distinguish between hosts, networks, and subnet = works, examine an IP address in binary notation. For example, the dotted-decimal IP address 192.168.123.132 is (in binary notation) the 32-bit number 110000000101000111101110000100. This number may be hard to make sense of, so divide it into four parts of eight binary digits. Example of Processing of IP Addressing These eight-bit sections are known as octets. The example IP address, then, becomes 11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100. This number only makes a little more sense, so for most uses, convert the binary address into dotted-decimal format (192.168.123.132). The decimal numbers separated by periods are the octets converted from binary to decimal notation. Example of Processing of IP Addressing In this example, the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. It is not obvious what this number means unless you know that 255 in binary notation equals 11111111; so, the subnet mask is 11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000. Lining up the IP address and the subnet mask together, the network, and host portions of the address can be separated: 11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100 -- IP address (192.168.123.132) 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 -- Subnet mask (255.255.255.0) Example of Processing of IP Addressing The first 24 bits (the number of ones in the subnet mask) are identified as the network address, with the last 8 bits (the number of remaining zeros in the subnet mask) identified as the host address. This gives you the following: 11000000.10101000.01111011.00000000 -- Network address (192.168.123.0) 00000000.00000000.00000000.10000100 -- Host address (000.000.000.132) Example of Processing of IP Addressing For this example, we using a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask, that the network ID is 192.168.123.0, and the host address is 0.0.0.132. When a packet arrives on the 192.168.123.0 subnet (from the local subnet or a remote network), and it has a destination address of 192.168.123.132, your computer will receive it from the network and process it. Almost all decimal subnet masks convert to binary numbers that are all ones on the left and all zeros on the right. Some other common subnet masks are: Decimal Binary:-255.255.255.192 1111111.11111111.1111111.11000000 255.255.255.224 1111111.11111111.1111111.11100000 Thank You
