In

hanti itute echnology

Baghpat road, Kurali,Meerut

SEMINAR
PRESENTATION
ON

BY:

NITESH KUMAR , EC 3RD YEAR ROLL - 0937031026

INDEX
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY & EVOLUTION FORMAT OF BLU RAY DISC TYPES OF BLU RAY DISC CONSTRUCTION & WORKING COMPARISON BETWEEN CD, DVD & BD ADVANTAGES ON GOING DEVELOPMENT & ITS FUTURE CONCLUSION

A Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the standard DVD format. Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser used to read & write the data

The e in blue was purposefully left off, according to the manufacturers, an everyday word cannot be a trademark.
Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It can record, store and play back high-definition video and digital audio, as well as computer data. The disc has the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs Can store upto 27/50 GB of data

BDA :(Blu- ray Disc Association)

This association develops and licenses Blu-ray Disc technology. (in 2003)

1st GENERATION: Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MB It is with us for over 20 years. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nm Color of laser: Red 2nd GENERATION: Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GB It offers high quality sound and video than CD. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nm Color of laser: Red 3rd GENERATION: Blue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB Developed by blu-ray disc association in 2003 (which includes Apple, Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony) Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm Color of laser: Blue-violet which was developed by SHUJI NAKAMURA at NICHIA CORPORATION

EVOLUTION OF THE STORAGE DEVICE

FORMATS OF BD
FOR READING RECORDED CONTENT. recordable) FOR PC DATA STORAGE. rewritable) FOR PC DATA STORAGE.

(rewritable)
FOR HDTV (HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION) RECORDING.

TYPES OF BD

CAN HOLD DATA UP TO 25/27 GB THAT MEANS 2 HRS OF HD VIDEO OR ABOUT 13 HRS OF STANDARD VIDEO.

CAN HOLD DATA UP TO 50 GB THAT MEANS 4.5 HRS OF HD VIDEO OR MORE THAN 20 HRS OF STANDARD VIDEO

Pits : spiral grooves that run

from the centre of the disc to its edges

Bumps : other sides of these

edges.

Track pitch : it is the

distance between the two tracks (of pits) on the surface. ----------------------------Disc store digitally encoded data in PITS.

How its Made

The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1-mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints. The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs are built by injection molding the two 0.6-mm discs between which the recording layer is sandwiched. The process must be done very carefully to prevent birefringence. The two discs are molded. The recording layer is added to one of the discs. The two discs are glued together. Blu-ray discs only do the injectionmolding process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which reduces cost.

 Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits -- spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges.

A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps-- to play the movie or program that is stored on the DVD.

The more data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely packed the pits must be.

The smaller the pits , the more precise the reading laser must be.

Unlike current DVDs, Blu-ray uses a blue laser . A blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers). The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (m) this is more than twice as small as the pits on a DVD. Blu-ray has reduced the track pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32 microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a singlelayer Blu-ray disc to hold more than 25 GB of information

LASER AND OPTICS USED IN BLU-RAY

The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to store more information on a 120 mm CD/DVD-size disc. The minimum spot size" on which a laser can be focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the light and the NA of the lens used to focus it. By decreasing the wavelength and increasing the numerical aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and making the cover layer thinner to avoid unwanted optical effects, the laser beam can be focused to a smaller spot. This allows more information to be stored in the same area. For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm.

BLU-RAY DISCS DENSITY ADVANTAGE

Higher density enables better data seek times Shorter to travel for same amount of data results in faster data seek Better for random access of data

Software standards
Codecs
The specification mandates certain codec compatibilities for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software.

Video
For video, all players are required to support , , and .MPEG-2 is the codec used Audio For audio, BD-ROM players are required to support (AC-3), , and .

Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs, as opposed to the method used on video discs. Inclusion of a , as well as network connectivity in some BD devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via the Internet, adding content such as additional subtitle languages and promotional features not included on the disc at pressing time.

This Java Version is called Most Blu-ray Discs that have BD-J menus do not allow a Blu-ray Disc player to automatically resume a movie from the point at which it was stopped.

Parameter CD Disk diameter 120 mm Disk thickness 1.2 mm Laser wavelength 780 nm Numerical aperture 0.45 Minimum pit length 0.83 um Data rate 1.2 Mb/sec Number of sides one Number of data layers One Data capacity ~680 MB

DVD 120 mm 1.2 mm 650 nm 0.60 0.4 um 11 Mb/sec --------4.7 GB (1L) 8.5 GB (2L) 1 7 GB (2L/2S)

BD . 120 mm 1.2 mm 405 nm 0.85 0.138 um 36 Mb/sec one or two One or two 27 GB

USAGE OF A BLUE INSTEAD OF A RED LASER IMPROVE LENS SPECIFICATIONS, ALLOWING FOR A MUCH SMALLER FOCUS LASER BEAM WHICH ENABLES THE RECORDING OF MUCH SMALLER AND HIGHER DENSITY PITS ON THE DISC

BD

DVD

Data is placed on top of a 1.1 mm thick polycarbonate layer Doesnt suffer from BIREFRINGENCE Doesnt suffer from DISC TILT Hard coating is placed outside to protect from scratches or fingerprints Track pitch is .32 m

Data is sandwiched b/w two polycarbonate layers, each 0.6 mm thick Suffer from BIREFRINGENCE Suffer from DISC TILT No such hard coating is placed Track pitch is .74 m

BECAUSE BLU-RAY USES A BLUE LASER(405 NM) INSTEAD OF A RED LASER(650 NM) THIS ALLOWS THE DATA TRACKS ON THE DISC TO BE VERY COMPACT.

ADVANTAGES
Record HDTV without any quality loss

Instantly skip to any spot on disc

Record one program while watching other on the disc Create playlists Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program Access to web to download subtitles and other extra feature. Contents Protection Hard coating technologies make Blu ray Disc most durable and family-friendly. Hard coating technology provides resistance to: Finger prints Marks Scratches Dust Much more ROBUST than todays polycarbonate based CD/DVD (and HD DVDs) It uses Data Encryption Standard (DES) that has a key length of 56bits. A key block and disc ID are written into the ROM area to prevent illegal copying.

 High

definition television recording High definition video distribution High definition camcorder archiving Mass data storage

 The

Blu-ray Disc format offers consumers the ability to record their High Definition television broadcasts in their original quality for the first time, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster. level in home entertainment, offering an unsurpassed user experience Since Blu-ray Disc format incorporates the strongest copy protection algorithms of any format or proposal to date, the format allows for recording of digital broadcasts while meeting the content protection demands of the broadcast industry.

Next

Blu-ray Disc format can store High Definition video in the highest possible quality, without need to compromise on picture quality. Depending on the encoding method, there is room for more than seven hours of the highest HD quality video. There is even room for additional content such as special features and other bonus material to accompany the High Definition movie.

The Blu-ray Disc movie format greatly expands on traditional DVD capabilities, by incorporating many new interactive features allowing content providers to offer an even more incredible experience to consumers.

 With

its unprecedented storage capacity, allows for the HD video recorded with an HD camcorder to be converted and recorded

Storage

capabilities, without the risk of tape wear

 The

growing number of broadband connections allowing consumers to download vast amounts of data
used for Data storage In PCs

Also

Ongoing development
Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue to work on advancing the technology. Quad-layer (100 GB) discs have been demonstrated on a drive with modified optics has developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD combination. If successfully commercialized, this would enable the consumer to purchase a disc that can be played on current DVD players In December 2008, unveiled a 400 GB (containing 16 data layers, 25 GB each) and a 500 GB (containing 20 layers) Blu-ray Disc that will be compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned launch is in the 200910 time frame for ROM and 201013 for rewritable discs. Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 (1,000GB) Blu-ray Disc as soon as 2013.

Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market establishes its presence. Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.

Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further refined.
Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already. Pioneer announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got success in making BD with increased Disc Size of 500GB.

OTHER COMPEITORS
HD-DVD HD-DVD-9 Forwarded Versatile Disc(FVD) Enhanced Video Disc (EVD)

Record HDTV without any quality loss Instantly skip to any spot on disc Record one program while watching other on the disc Create playlists Edit or reorder programs recorded on disc Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program Access the web to download subtitles and other extra features Very soon BDs will replace CDs and DVDs.

REFERENCES

WWW.GOOGLE.COM WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM WWW.BLURAYDISC.COM