Inpsy 9402 0109
Inpsy 9402 0109
Inpsy 9402 0109
Abstract. Use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents: current data. The pres-
cription of first-line (AP1) but primarily second-generation (APSG) antipsychotics in the
various fields of child psychiatry has tended to increase in France. However, its use is
sometimes done without a pediatric use marketing authorization (AMM). That is why
it seems important to take into consideration the efficacy of these molecules in chil-
dren and adolescents. In behavioral disorders, risperidone and aripiprazole appear to
improve symptoms. As regards bipolar disorder the only treatment authorized in France
for manic episodes is aripiprazole, although olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine have
been shown to be effective; for bipolar depression we currently only have limited data.
In the treatment of early forms of schizophrenia, several molecules have proved to be
effective, particularly aripiprazole and clozapine, both of which seem to improve the symp-
tomatology of the disorder. Clozapine also appears to be the reference treatment for
resistant forms of schizophrenia, with greater efficacy than AP1 haloperidol, but this
must be weighed against the potential side effects and biological monitoring that cloza-
pine requires. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics may be of interest in suppressing the
adolescent’s need for daily treatment and improving adherence. Moreover, randomized
© John Libbey Eurotext | Téléchargé le 24/01/2024 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 41.92.16.160)
Pour citer cet article : Deffinis B, Purper-Ouakil D. Utilisation des antipsychotiques chez l’enfant et l’adolescent : données actuelles. L’Information psychiatrique
2018 ; 94 (2) : 109-14 doi:10.1684/ipe.2018.1753 109
B. Deffinis, D. Purper-Ouakil
Tableau 1. Antipsychotiques ayant l’autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) en France dans les troubles du comportement (référence
Vidal).
Tableau 2. Essais contrôlés randomisés des antipsychotiques atypiques versus placebo dans le trouble bipolaire de l’enfant et de
l’adolescent.
(n = 50) et divalproate versus rispéridone [33] chez des La FDA autorise différentes molécules chez le sujet jeune
enfants de 8 à 18 ans (n = 66) retrouvant respectivement dans le traitement de la schizophrénie : chlorpromazine,
un résultat non significatif et une amélioration de la symp- loxapine (> 12 ans), prochlorperazine (> 2 ans et > 9 kg),
tomatologie exprimée sur la Young Maniac Rating Scale en thiothixene (> 12 ans), thioridazine, trifluopérazine (> 6 ans),
faveur de la rispéridone. aripiprazole (> 13 ans), olanzapine (> 13 ans), quétiapine
(> 13 ans) et rispéridone (> 13 ans). Les possibilités théra-
Traitement de la dépression bipolaire de l’enfant peutiques sont plus restreintes en France, nous disposons
En France aucun antipsychotique n’a l’autorisation de
de l’aripiprazole chez l’adolescent de plus de 15 ans, idem
mise sur le marché dans cette indication. Aux États-Unis,
pour l’amisulpride, 16 ans pour la clozapine.
seule l’olanzapine associée à la fluoxétine a reçu l’indication
Aucune différence d’efficacité n’a été montrée entre les
de la Food and Drug Administration. Une étude comparant
antipsychotiques de première et seconde génération chez
cette bithérapie versus placebo chez 255 sujets âgés de 10
l’adulte.
à 17 ans montrait à huit semaines une réduction significa-
tive de la symptomatologie dépressive [34]. Un autre essai
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