Automotive and Transportation

The paper presents a part of studies and researches carried out at Automotive and Agricultural Machinery Department from Technical University of Cluj-Napoca with the event of running for the first time in Romania of a bus used in public transportation which used a fuel based on vegetal oils (Diesel fuel-metilester mixtures).

The paper is concerned with developing a theoretical model and practical 4-speed gearbox, applicable anywhere a mechanical transmission requires more than one gear ratio.
Technical issues addressed:
1. Increase of the effective yield by coupling strictly the sprockets needed for the selected gear.
2. Increasing the range between minimum and maximum gear ratios significantly;
The model is created using pieces of "Lego" and allows 4 speeds. The gearbox has 2 translating axles, each describing 2 gears and a neutral position.
Constructive advantages:
- Input and output shafts are coaxial;
- Simplicity of the coupling mechanism; No synchronized plug couples or other expensive parts needed.

This paper is meant to evaluate and asses the lubrication oils used in 2 stroke engine applications. Several oil samples shall be tested out and evaluated throughout the thesis, measuring the lubricants performances concerning pollutant gases, fuel consumption and running temperatures. Also, the influence of oil/petrol ratio has been tested out within this paper.
Two-stroke engines are an used in a wide range of applications, thus justifying this study. Such engines can bee found on lawnmowers, trimmers, motorcycles, scooters, and even locomotives and ocean liners, with engine sizes between. 1 and over 96.000 cm3 The reasons for using these engines so oftenly is their simple architecture, the high specific power output, easy maintenance and cheap engine overhauls. Engines that work using a two-stroke cycle have very few parts in movement and present more power than a four-stroke engine would at the same displacement.
Engines working by a two-stroke cycle use an mixture of oil and fuel to form the initial combustion charge, thus providing lubrication to all parts that come in contact with the air-fuel-oil mixture In order to obtain a proper evaluation of different lubricant oils form diferent standard classes, several test have been carried out. The main objective was to determine oil performances by measuring exhaust gas pollutants, running temperature and fuel consumption for each lubricant, on a purpose -built measuring stand featuring a small, single-cylinder two-stroke engine. Throughout this paper the study of the influence of petrol-oil proportions has also been carried out, and measurements in the fuel and lubricants laboratory have been carried out in order to determine some physical properties.
In the second part of this paper results from measurements are shown both numerically and in graphs, in order to obtain a proper, wide and objective view upon these oil’s performances.
Research and progress regarding two-stroke engine lubrication is absolutely justified, as this is the main source of pollutant gases within these engines. A big leap forward in lubrication methods may lead to a great increase of these engine’s popularity, even in the automotive industry.

Trolleybuses have been around in Braşov since 1959. The presentation aims to bring and engineering context to the advantages and characteristics of trolleybus operations, especially in Romania. Energy consumption, pollution aspects, costs and other relevant aspects are addressed, placing the trolleybus system of Braşov in a broad context.

This paper aims to analyse the evolution of autonomous buses throughout the world, focusing on operational characteristics. Six autonomous bus services are proposed for the city of Cluj-Napoca, detailing the indicators, properties and options for successful operations.

Lucrarea isi propune o analiza a serviciilor feroviare oportune pentru navetism pentru Zona Urbana Functionala extinsa (ZUFe) a capitalei. Se urmareste conturarea unor servicii feroviare cadentate, integrate in reteaua de transport extinsa a capitalei, vizand conectivitatea cu principalele orase si resedintele judetelor apropiate: Argres, Dambovita, Prahova, Ialomita, Calarasi, Giurgiu, Teleorman.

Lucrarea isi propune o analiza a serviciilor feroviare oportune pentru navetism pentru Zona Urbana Functionala extinsa (ZUFe) a capitalei. Se urmareste conturarea unor servicii feroviare cadentate, integrate in reteaua de transport extinsa a capitalei, vizand conectivitatea cu principalele orase si resedintele judetelor apropiate.

Cu o buna intercalare intre serviciile de lung parcurs, o retea de trenuri metropolitane extinse ar trebui sa includa/inlocuiasca actualele trenuri regio din jurul capitalei, promovand servicii de transport feroviar superioare si integrate. Propunerea se bazeaza doar pe infrastructura existenta deja, tinand cont de proiectele angajate si in curs de realizare.

In the present days, the needing of development the new classes of fuels is a real and immediate challenge for the humanity. These new classes of fuel must replace the fossil fuel in order to reduce the global pollution and to be friendly with the environment. The researches conducted until now in worldwide and also at the Biofuel Laboratory of Mechanic Faculty (under the supervision of prof. N. Burnete, Ph.D.) show that the biofuels based on vegetable oil can be an answer to the above mentioned issues. In addition, it is necessary to study the impact of this class of biofuels in time on the air and soil pollution, vegetable and animal products etc. The present paper presents the experimental researches about the environmental impact of using the biofuels comparatively with fossil fuels (diesel oil). The research methodology was making in order to respect the actual standards to obtain more accurate and confident results. The basic conclusion of conducted experiments is that the usi...