Agenda Setting

The book focuses on the breakup of the Yugoslav Federation and wars that followed viewed through the comic art in the local and international press. War propaganda and political discourse are examined and placed in the larger historical context of this conflict. The study reveals that Yugoslav cartoonists anticipated, as early as 1984, the disintegration of the country and were forecasting armed conflict in 1989. Using print media and comic art as a primary source of investigation, the author has presented the mental representation of the war as seen in press cartoons, both chronologically and thematically. A representative sampling of some 400 cartoons (out of a database of almost 7’500) and dozens of interviews undertaken with political cartoonists in the 1990s are quoted in the book as a primary source.

The NFL protests are only one of many celebrity-fueled political controversies during the Trump presidency. Why is there such a proliferation of celebrity activism? More importantly, does it amount to anything? What does our knowledge of celebrity influence tell us about the recent NFL controversy?

This study examines factors affecting individuals' attitudes toward the media and susceptibility to agenda setting at times of moral panic. Sixty-three percent of respondents in a survey conducted a few weeks after the 9/11 attacks perceived the media anthrax coverage as accurate. Results suggest geographic location and gender, in addition to attitudes toward media accuracy, are strong predictors of agenda setting effects in a time of potential crisis and terrorist threats.

The fading credibility of Turkey's European Union (EU) membership perspective has undermined the conditionality strategy of the EU. However, outside of the formal setting of the accession talks, twinning projects are considered as a tool to keep Europeanization processes on track. Based on the principle of partnership, these projects aim to induce domestic change via social learning. However, this case study of a twinning project concerning the training of the Turkish National Police reveals interaction characterized by strategic rather than social learning. This was due to the dominance of personal/organizational interests and the negative effects of Turkey's uncertain accession prospects. This suggests that, in the absence of a credible membership perspective, the aim of using twinning as a tool for fostering change via persuasion and socialization may be overambitious.

The role of media is to shape opinions and presenting a particular version as reality. They also play an important role in structuring the audience perspectives about the issues that happen around the world. For this matter, they are believed and expected to portray a fair picture on any issues occur both at the local and international level. However, in portraying Islam, especially after the September 11 attacks, a number of research found that the International media tend to negatively depict Islam by associating it with terrorism. Issues concerning the way international media, specifically in the US and UK, equate Islam with terrorism have been tremendously debated. Research showed that after the September 11 attack, terrorism has been repeatedly associated with Islam by most of the international media. There is a perception that international media play a vital role in creating a relationship between Islam and terrorism in their media that leads to the formation of labels on Islam and terrorism. However, many think that the death of Osama Bin Laden would end the negative association between Islam and terrorism made by Western media for so many years after Sept 11. Based on this view, the researchers will be conducting a content analysis on two international news magazines looking at the tendency patterns in labeling Islam associated with terrorism after the death of Osama Bin Laden and also looking at the discourse analysis by extracting any recurrent themes emerged from the articles selected.

Since late 2019, through constant fear reinforcement and censorship  in the media Agenda setting, the world was coerced to adopt irrational behaviors, knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions
Disdain for existing government authorities had been at its most record high of all times. One would have wondered what magic could ever be done, to make the people ever trust or align behind their leaders once more

This study describes the sequential pattern of "through-produced" multiple questions using Conversation Analysis that sets the agenda dimension of questions, and the academic conditions that advance its use during turns at talk from five faculty meetings. Results show that a. No first-pair of the "through-produced" questions has been answered; b. the answers to the second-pair questions are achieved through paraphrases, clarifications, keyword repetitions, and circuitous rephrasing until the hearer conforms with the agenda set; c. The subordinates frame their default identities with lower epistemic knowledge, and d. "Through-produced" multiple questions can be a manifestation of Chair's power. Implications and recommendations for cross-linguistic comparisons are offered to generalize the findings beyond the specific domain of the meeting.

This experiment was designed to explore people's critical, differentiating capacity between actual news and content that looks like news. Four groups of postmillennials read four versions of a news story. While the first condition included a real news story derived from a mainstream medium, the other three conditions tested three attributes of fakeness, namely an exaggerated, satirical, and popularised frame of disinformation. Although readers differentiated between satire and the actual news story, no significant differences were observed between exaggerated and simplified versions of news and the actual news story. Additional intervening variables were scrutinized, showing a connection between the salience of a story and its perceptions of fakeness.

Nos últimos anos, a Primeira Infância entrou na agenda pública. Além do aumento da atenção por parte da academia, de órgãos internacionais e de organizações não governamentais, a agenda pública também passou a valorizar a temática, tendo como seu principal resultado a promulgação do Marco Legal da Primeira Infância (MLPI, Lei 13.257 de 2016). Partindo dessa constatação, essa dissertação teve como objetivo analisar os fatores que contribuíram para a escolha de políticas e ações que priorizam a Primeira Infância na agenda pública brasileira. Para analisar os fatores que fundamentam o surgimento e intensificação de políticas e ações voltadas para a garantia dos direitos das crianças na Primeira Infância, esta investigação, de caráter qualitativo, partiu da contribuição dos Estudos da Infância que veem a infância como construção social que se modifica ao longo do processo histórico. Para tanto, foram abordados aspectos relativos à construção social da Infância e da Primeira Infância; as principais abordagens que influenciaram as narrativas, legislações e programas sociais voltadas para a Primeira Infância; os ciclos das políticas públicas, formação de agenda e as diferentes maneiras como os diversos atores sociais se relacionam, além de uma análise do contexto socioeconômico brasileiro dos indicadores acerca da Primeira Infância. Concluiu-se que, apesar do MLPI ter partido do princípio de garantia dos direitos, o discurso dominante no Brasil parte majoritariamente das perspectivas da neurociência e da economia no que tange à importância do investimento na Primeira Infância. Ademais, apesar da Primeira Infância ter entrado na agenda pública brasileira, estas conquistas ainda pouco se refletem nas vidas das crianças brasileiras.

¿Cuál es el proceso que ha determinado el posicionamiento de ciertos temas de interés social frente a otros, en la agenda pública de gobiernos locales?
A pesar de que formalmente los gobiernos sean democráticos y participativos, la atención gubernamental a los problemas locales, o la forma en la que estos llegan a convertirse en asuntos que generan alguna política pública, no sigue los cauces ideales de los ofrecimientos de las campañas electorales ni de manera completa, los procedimientos formales que las leyes establecen. Son, más bien, procesos que incluyen contingencias y diferentes niveles de improvisación. Esta condición incide en que al final de la gestión gubernamental, las localidades de estos gobiernos sigan con problemas sociales sin solucionar.
Los autores en este libro ofrecen el análisis empírico comparado de dos municipios latinoamericanos y sus administraciones, y realizan aportes teóricos y metodológicos a la comprensión de los procesos de políticas públicas en general, y al de la construcción de agenda en particular, desde una perspectiva crítica que empieza por poner en duda la categoría misma que es centro de su análisis.
Contribuyen así, al conocimiento del proceso de formulación de la agenda pública, asumiendo que la búsqueda de mecanismos procesales para su aplicación y la identificación de las acciones colectivas adelantadas por los diferentes estamentos sociales y la configuración de las redes públicas, ofrecen las formas institucionales de participación como derecho y deber, y la incentiva desde otro punto de vista, descubriendo posibles escenarios de conflicto.

Öz
Markaların milyonlarca dolar harcayarak gerçekleştirdikleri tüm iletişim çalışmalarının ana amacı tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarını kendilerinden yana olacak şekilde değiştirmektir. Bunun için de onların gündemlerine girebilmeye ve stratejiye ihtiyaç duymaktadırlar. Günümüzde bunun en maliyetsiz ve en kolay yolu ise Web 2.0 olarak da ifade edilen sosyal medyadır. Bu çalışma çerçevesinde medya, kamu ve siyasal olmak üzere üç gündem evresinden oluşan gündem belirleme çalışmalarına yeni bir gündem evresinin yani marka gündeminin eklenmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana konusunu, global markaların sosyal medyada hedef kitleyi olumlu yönde etkileyebilmek için onların gündemlerine nasıl girmeye çalıştıkları, sosyal medyada gündemi belirleyebilmek için hangi marka stratejilerinden yararlandıkları oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, global markaların sosyal medya aracılığıyla gündemi nasıl belirlediklerini ve yönettiklerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada içerik analizi ve online anket (survey) olmak üzere iki farklı araştırma yöntemine başvurulmuştur.

Abstract
The main purpose of all communication studies of brands that were implemented by spending million dollars has changed customer-purchasing behavior on their side. Therefore, they need to agenda setting and a strategy. In today's world, the cost-efficient and easiest way is social media that is also called as Web 2.0. Within the scope of this study, it is focused on the necessity of agenda setting in other words, brands agenda to agenda determining studies that consists of three phases the media, public and political agenda. The main aim of this study is how the global brands try to affect the target group positively in social media, and from which strategies of brand they benefit in order to set the agenda. In this respect, this study aims at analyzing domination and agenda setting of the global brands by the way of social media. In this study, it is referred two research methods in content analyzes and online survey.

У статті визначаються принципи селекції інформаційних повідомлень інтернет-ЗМІ: майже повна відсутність ексклюзивних джерел, залежність від прес-релізму та гарячих новин, фрагментарність у подачі новин з регіонів. Також укладено рейтинг згадуваності областей України у новинах центральних ЗМІ, визначені провідні теми цих новин та їх джерела. На основі цих даних робиться висновок про те, що інформаційні сайти відмовилися від генерування новин, натомість стають майданчиком, на якому журналісти розміщують передруки – резонансну інформацію з інших джерел.

The circular economy is argued to be a way of organising industrial systems that support resilience through decoupling economic growth from material consumption. Yet, extant research exploring the impacts of circular economy business practices on resilience is nascent, with few studies detailing if and how these practices enable firms, industries and social-ecological systems to adapt and transform in the face of shocks and disturbances. In this article, we seek to advance research on the circular economy by proposing a research agenda that connects the circular economy to resilience at multiple levels. Based on insights from resilience theory and findings from the limited literature on the circular economy that has considered resilience to date, our research agenda focuses scholarly attention on key areas of congruence and contestation. We posit that pursuit of answers in these areas has the potential for advancing circular economy business practices capable of supporting resilience at multiple levels.

The considerable evidence base linking social conditions to population health has spurred many in public health to call for political action. Most of these conditions fall outside the purview of health departments, meaning that advocates are increasingly calling on other government sectors to improve health. Whether levelled at the whole-of-government or individual departments these calls seek a paradigm shift in governmental goals. Paradigmatic political change is an essentially normative process – one based upon ethical, rather than empirical, reasoning. Successfully achieving political change requires that public health advocates improve their normative justification for change and reduce their reliance upon evidence-based arguments. evidence-based policy • social determinants of health

Informacja ma znaczenie. Stwierdzenie to może być dobrym wstępem do rozważań nad tym, jaką wartość ma dostęp lub brak dostępu do odpowiednio wybranych i przygotowanych zestawów informacji dla podejmowania zarówno codziennych decyzji, jak i tych o szerszym społecznym lub politycznym znaczeniu. Przekonanie o tym, że większa lub mniejsza dostępność odpowiednich -
tych, a i nie innych - informacji na odpowiednie - te, a nie inne - tematy oraz zmienność tej dostępności ma kluczowe znaczenie dla polityki w ogóle, polityk resortowych oraz decydowania o nich, stanowi ideę przewodnią prezentowanej pracy. Kierunek rozważań wyznacza także obserwacja medialnych źródeł informacji, które, obok źródeł instytucjonalnych i eksperckich, uzyskały niemalże równorzędne znaczenie w rozstrzyganiu o polityce. Ustalanie zakresu dostępności konkretnych informacji oraz towarzyszących im ocen i interpretacji wyznacza podstawy badania politycznych efektów mediów – skutków upowszechniania określonych zestawów informacji dla decydowania o polityce.

American Policy Process: Agenda Setting & the Role of Interest Groups " The flaw in the pluralist heave is that the heavenly chorus sings with a strong upper-class accent ". –E.E. Schattschneider (1960) The narrative of American inequality breeds dramatic economic and political changes (Hacker & Pierson, 2010) witnessed over the last few decades. Not only has the economy evolved, but also has the political fabric with the emergence of vast financial bids for reelection, lobbying activities by corporations, businesses and professional organizations as interest groups which have drastically drowned the voice of the mass citizenry and public interest. Since, power and influence play a key role in the policy process. In the policy process interest groups influence the policy arena or are the decisions representative of the larger welfare society? To reach the answer, it is necessary to understand the role and influence of these very interest groups in the context of the American policy process, especially during the agenda setting and decision making stages as outlined by scholars. This paper examines valuable insights into the policy process through recognized frameworks in the field; it explores the importance of both the agenda setting and decision making stages in the policy process as stages of problem solving public issues; and it highlights the central role of interest groups in context of the American pluralism. Policy Process In the political sphere, the debate of policy formation must include the role and influence of the mass public, the American citizenry. As a government of democratic ideals, the public is an integral part of public policy process. Democracy, conceptualized, depends on citizens having the means and capacity to form meaningful opinions about acts of governance. This premise is based on the notion that the public not only has access, but also influences in the policy process. In reality, there exists a certain economic inequality in society which leads to certain groups having more influence than others. Even Aristotle wrestled with the question of whether substantial economic inequality was compatible with democracy. In the last decade, even the American Political Science Association concluded that political scientists know very little about the effects of economic and political changes on American democracy. Since it is recognized that economic inequality breeds an advantaged influence within certain groups of society, it is important to understand its implications on public policy (and hence, democracy in general). The policy process is a complex problem solving approach involving relative power and influence of stakeholders. It is the system of logical cycle of events which lead to problem solutions. Charles O. Jones (1984) was the first to integrate policy and political science into a framework of policy analysis for a comprehensive sequence of recurring cycles. According to his framework (which has through the years been both revered and criticized) includes perception and definition of a problem; aggregation in reference to its importance; organization of actors involved; representation as decision makers; agenda setting; formulation of a proposed solution; legitimating and support of the problem; budgeting; implementation; evaluation; and adjustment and termination of the adopted solution. Through policy analysis, decisions by stakeholders are made on adopting solutions. These decisions are methodical and use both qualitative and quantitative methods of defining the problem, evaluation a criterion, identifying and evaluating alternatives, and recommending the Mohyuddin 1

Con el surgimiento de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación(TICs)y su principalmanifestación: “Internet”,el mundo de los medios de comunicación de masas ha experimentado un interesante cambio de paradigma y soporte, que lo enfrenta a uno de sus mayores retos: mantener su hegemonía como creadores de lo que es noticia y definidores de la agenda informativa global, nacional o local.

De acuerdo con Merrill Morris y Christine Ogan en su artículo “Internet as Mass Medium” Internet ha alcanzado una masa crítica tal que le permite ser considerado un medio de comunicación de masas. Los autores mencionan que la masa crítica de una innovación se alcanza cuando entre 10 y 20 por ciento de la población la adopta (Morris,1996). Recientemente hemos visto en las noticias como Facebook alcanzó los 500 millones de usuarios a nivel mundial1y como Twitter recientemente publicó su “tweet” número veinte mil millones.

Desde la teoría crítica de la comunicación se descarta la neutralidad de los medios, denunciando cómo éstos son reacios a dar cobertura a los movimientos sociales que cuestionan las bases del poder establecido. En el caso del 15-M la cobertura de la primera manifestación fue claramente insuficiente como denunciaron los propios activistas a través de las redes sociales de Internet.

El antagonismo entre, por una parte, la agenda del movimiento reflejada en las redes sociales y, por otra, las agendas mediáticas, políticas y electorales es muy significativo. Sin embargo, con el tiempo todas ellas van confluyendo cada vez más en el sentido deseado por los activistas.

El uso de Internet para la difusión del movimiento, así como para la organización de la acción colectiva, hace posible que el mismo adquiera cada vez mayor protagonismo en los medios de comunicación, incida en las propuestas y declaraciones de los líderes políticos y en la agenda de la campaña electoral y, finalmente, alcance la agenda pública obteniendo un elevado nivel de conocimiento y apoyo entre la población.

“We must recognise that government functionaries and other political participants deal at any given time with limited problems, within limited perspectives, and have to make due with limited analytical capabilities” (Lindblom, 1959, 128). This quote excellently sums up the erratic, subjective nature of the public policy process. Contemporary society has seen a rise in issues worthy of political action. This essay asks why some issues get included in the political agenda, while others do not. To explore this, the paper examines three dimensions, although it is prudent to acknowledge now that these are not definitive boundaries – there are many other dimensions involved. The first, and main focus is on constructing social problems, since in order for an issue to get on the agenda, it must be constructed as a social problem. The second dimension is centred on language, of which its value-laden quality is instrumental to this topic. Finally, the role of media in drawing attention to issues is also explored, as it is a means of attracting attention to issues. This paper ultimately aims to provide clarity on why every issue does not make it to the table by examining the mentioned dimensions. The conclusion is that the capacity to encompass every single issue within the agenda simply does not exist, but that actors utilise an array of methods to increase the visibility of issues in attempts to get particular issues included.

Besides the doctoral and master dissertations which test the agenda-setting theory in Turkey there are also studies published in academic journals and papers presented in academic meetings. The first book, which is on agenda-setting theory in Turkey published in 2001, is named “Agenda Setting Power of Media”. This book classifies the agenda-setting studies in Turkey up till its publication year. After seven years of the publication of the first agenda-setting book in Turkey, the number of studies has increased and the need for an update has appeared. The main aim of this study is to describe the agenda-setting studies in Turkey, and evaluate their methodologies and point out the main findings of these studies.

Since policy making at its core is constituted by a struggle between competing interests, it is imperative to understand the nature of power, its distribution, manner of exertion and its impact on the process. How do the powerful achieve the compliance of the ones they dominate (Lorenzi, 2006)?

The concept of power that function as the base for this essay was introduced by Lukes in his book “Power: A Radical View” in 1974. It is extraordinarily wide in its scope and he distinguishes between three “faces” of power: Power through decision making, power through agenda setting and power through domination. In the following, I will introduce each dimension and highlight how it enriches a holistic analysis of the policy process. I will conclude each section with its implication for the policy process.

It is said that the media can set what the public perceived as important. This study has used a quantitative survey in order to understand the effect of agenda setting theory in the Malaysian context. Studying a total of 1500 eligible voters from various ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), 17 important issues were identified. Overall, the study found media agenda had a significant correlation with the public agenda, indicating that the media can influence what the audience perceived as important. This study also suggested that race had no influence on the media’s coverage of concerned issues.

Na última segunda-feira dia 11 de outubro, o ministro Ricardo Lewandowski negou seguimento ao MS nº 38.216, que havia sido impetrado pelos senadores Alessandro Vieira (Cidadania-SE) e Jorge Kajuru (Podemos-GO) contra a suposta demora do presidente da Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (CCJ) do Senado Federal, o senador Davi Alcolumbre (DEM-AP), em pautar a apreciação da indicação do Sr. André Mendonça para o cargo de ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). A notícia foi veiculada aqui.

The main objective of this comparative study of five transnational media channels is to observe the news broadcast of media institutions that address a wide-ranging diverse viewership as distinct from media that addresses a citizenry within the geographical boundaries of sovereignty.

According to Cook (1998), the news media “make up a collective institution - a site of systematized principles of action enduring across time and supervising a central area of social and political life” (p. 15). This comparative study is an endeavor to delineate the boundaries of the tacit social and political areas sighted by the different transnational media. It further seeks to identify the gray areas seen by some and ignored by others.

Bourdieu’s (1998) theory of fields that represents journalism as a field of power contestation is in use as the basic theoretical model since it helps to explain the dynamics of the framing processes within a wider context of intersecting fields of power. A framing approach is embedded within the Bourdieu theory and is used as a tool of content analysis, where the question of how “issues are being framed as a result of social and institutional interests” (Reese, 2008, p.9) is crucial to unveiling the workings of all different forces.

This chapter discusses contemporary directions of agenda-setting research. It reviews the basic concept of agenda setting, the transfer of salience from the media agenda to the public agenda as a key step in the formation of public opinion, the concept of need for orientation as a determinant of issue salience, the ways people learn the media agenda, attribute agenda setting, and the consequences of agenda setting that result from priming and attribute priming. Across the theoretical areas found in the agenda-setting tradition, future studies can contribute to the role of news in media effects by showing how agenda setting evolves in the new and expanding media landscape as well as continuing to refine agenda setting’s core concepts.

This study investigated the network agenda setting (NAS) effects as the third-level agenda setting with data collected from both newspaper reports and public survey regarding the THAAD event in Mainland China. Networks of attributes in the news reports were compared with the counterparts generated from public opinion. A total 680 news articles and 538 responses to a public survey were collected for analysis. The NAS model was supported with the positive and significant correlation between the media and public network agendas. This study found that the 传播学研究 124 国际新闻界 2018.09 NAS model offered significant predictive power at both explicit and implicit levels. Findings of this study extend the recent development of agenda setting theory, i.e., the third-level agenda setting or network agenda setting research in a non-Western context. Author Jiang Qiaolei is Associate Professor at School of Journalism and Communication at Tsinghua University, China. Her research focuses on new media use behaviors, psychology and effects, as well as communication theories and methodology, etc.

Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Política) - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos.

A pós-graduação brasileira é marcada por intensas desigualdades regionais, étnico-raciais e econômicas, o que ensejou o início do debate sobre a criação de ações afirmativas em prol de estudantes pertencentes a grupos historicamente excluídos em programas e universidades públicas. A literatura sobre ação afirmativa e sobre políticas públicas raramente analisa as especificidades do processo de formação de agenda e formulação dessas políticas, ou as razões pelas quais as ações afirmativas para pós-graduação se tornaram importantes para as universidades e para o governo, quais alternativas foram escolhidas e quais os principais atores envolvidos no processo. A presente tese de doutorado pretende contribuir para a literatura de políticas públicas e explicar (a) por que e como o acesso a grupos desfavorecidos entrou na agenda decisória das universidades públicas brasileiras, (b) quais fatores explicam a adesão às ações afirmativas por parte de alguns programas de pós-graduação em contraposição a outros que não o fizeram e (c) como a criação de ações afirmativas resultou na mudança do processo de seleção tradicional realizado pelos programas de pós-graduação. A pesquisa se baseou (a) em uma análise dos editais de seleção de 2.763 programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos de universidades públicas publicados até janeiro de 2018, (b) um survey para coleta de dados quantitativos sobre os programas de pós-graduação e (c) entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores selecionados de alguns programas e representantes da CAPES e do MEC. A análise indica que a questão não atingiu a agenda geral de políticas públicas do país, tendo ingressado na agenda de programas e universidades específicas em razão de demandas de estudantes de pós-graduação e membros do corpo docente e da exigência da Reitoria e de órgãos superiores em decorrência da Portaria Normativa nº 13/2016. Os dados coletados apontam para uma difusão significativa desse tipo de política nos últimos 4 anos, com 26,4% dos programas possuindo algum tipo de ação afirmativa em janeiro de 2018. A análise confirmou a hipótese inicial de que o argumento da meritocracia é ainda mais forte nas discussões sobre ações afirmativas para pós-graduação. As mudanças institucionais mais profundas – a modificação dos critérios de seleção dos estudantes – são resultado de processos endógenos, incrementais e que ocorrem na ausência de momentos críticos. Há uma forte resistência à realização de mudanças mais substantivas nos processos seletivos em razão da importância do mérito acadêmico e da excelência acadêmica, bem como da incerteza a respeito dos impactos à nota da avaliação da CAPES.

Resumen: El proceso de asignación de atributos permite a los ciudadanos dotarse de es- quemas de interpretación para temas, situaciones o actores que hagan comprensible la rea- lidad que los rodea. En este sentido, la “imagen” que nos hacemos de los políticos deriva principalmente del ejercicio de mediación de los medios de comunicación, pero también del diálogo y de los mensajes que emiten los distintos protagonistas de la comunicación política en las redes sociales y que la propia comunidad tiende a asimilar e interpretar. El presente trabajo realiza una revisión de la teoría de la agenda melding y de la necesidad de orientación en el contexto de la sociedad digital, en dónde las redes sociales complemen- tan un ecosistema híbrido de información caracterizado por la primacía de la televisión para consumir información política, con una creciente importancia de plataformas como Facebook, Twitter o Instagram.
Palabras clave: comunicación política - agenda setting - agenda melding - redes sociales - América Latina.