Anthopology

The journal "Minority Reports. Cultural Disability Studies" purports to devote the monographic issue 13 / II 2021 to the topic of school and educational inclusion of the students with disability, as it is declined, both in conceptual and operational terms, in the different European countries.

“We were interested in understanding how an object this small could occupy such a relevant space in the imaginary.  Measuring only eight by five centimetres, weighing one hundred grams, and made of plastic; the mines arranged along the border with Peru, Argentina and Bolivia; cover mountain, high plateau and seashore, in a territory in perpetual movement.

This mechanical eye of the camera, the tip of a pencil and the historical archive allowed us to know places that would otherwise be inaccessible. Through them, we recreate an impossible experience, an imaginary shared place.”

La riflessione sulla musica come fattore di forte coesione culturale e religiosa e di rete di scambi delle popolazioni greche d’Occidente attende ancora uno studio sistematico e complessivo che aiuterebbe a comprendere non solo la rielaborazione della funzione della musica e del far musica nelle singole poleis,  ma anche a porre la questione della musica come mezzo del dialogo interculturale fra le comunità greche e gli ambienti indigeni.  Se da un lato le pratiche musicali dei Greci d’Occidente erano legate al contesto geografico e ai particolari culti collettivi e alla religiosità domestica e funeraria ed espresse in mito, rito e immagine, dall’altro la musica era intrecciata in maniera complessa con la costruzione delle identità culturali delle varie comunità e intimamente legata alla loro struttura sociale.

Mexico has become an ideal laboratory for anthropology interested in studying the transformations of drug trafficking, its economies, and its cultures. Certainly, the challenges are complex and difficult, since criminal violence affects fieldwork and its results. However, when one delves into regions where drug traf- ficking and organized crime are present, what we can grasp ethnographically are fundamental questions about the relationships that are being generated between the state, neoliberalism, and illegality. In this article, we will analyze the expansion of drug cartels in one of the states most affected by criminal violence: the state of Michoaca ́n, with special reference to the Caballeros Templarios—the Knights Templar. Understanding the origins and structures of this organization can teach us how the transformations of the state and criminal economies are being redrawn in neoliberal spaces.

Anthropophagy in Medieval Sicily: a cultural theme between chronicle and representation. Anthropophagy is the consumption of human flesh and the most extreme form of destruction of the human body, a physical violence which is the quintessential taboo of the self-described “civilized” societies. It provokes disgust, surprise and sometimes fascination, creating a deep connection between the text and the reader, and between the message and the audience. With regard to Sicily, anthropophagy is a cultural theme useful to discern between the account of real events and their representation. The construction of the image of Sicily, and even more of its inhabitants, the Sicilians, is based on an accumulation of clichés, often of ancient origins, transmitted and interpreted over the ages. One of them is surely the “bestiality” of its first inhabitants, intended as the ancient Cyclops or the Giants sons of Saturn, both of them “tyrants” described as man-eaters. During the Early Middle Ages the idea that the Sicilians eat human flesh was transferred to the new conquerors of the island: the Muslims, an infidel enemy to be fighted and considered beyond the boundaries of humanity and nature, meant as a divine law and therefore “civilization”. In both cases the accusations came from the outside, i.e. from groups as the ancient Greeks or the Christians (both Byzantine and Latin-Norman) who had an interest in representing the old and modern inhabitants of the island as anthropophagists to be feared, conquered, subjugated and converted to religion and/or civilization.

Over the last forty years, graffiti and street-art have become a global phenomenon within the visual arts. Whilst they have increasingly been taken seriously by the art establishment (or perhaps the art market), their academic and popular examination still remains within old debates which argue over whether these acts are vandalism or art, and which examine the role of graffiti in gang culture and in terms of visual pollution. Based on an in-depth ethnographic study working with some of the world’s most influential Independent Public Artists, this book takes a completely new approach. Placing these illicit aesthetic practices within a broader historical, political, and aesthetic context, it argues that they are in fact both intrinsically ornamental (working within a classic architectonic framework), as well as innately ordered (within a highly ritualized, performative structure). Rather than disharmonic, destructive forms, rather than ones solely working within the dynamics of the market, these insurgent images are seen to reface rather than deface the city, operating within a modality of contemporary civic ritual. The book is divided into two main sections, Ornament and Order. Ornament focuses upon the physical artifacts themselves, the various meanings these public artists ascribe to their images as well as the tensions and communicative schemata emerging out of their material form. Using two very different understandings of political action, it places these illicit icons within the wider theoretical debate over the public sphere that they materially re-present. Order is focused more closely on the ephemeral trace of these spatial acts, the explicitly performative, practice-based elements of their aesthetic production. Exploring thematics such as carnival and play, risk and creativity, it tracks how the very residue of this cultural production structures and shapes the socio-ethico guidelines of these artists’ lifeworlds.

Voices of the Ritual analyzes the revival of and manifestation of rituals at female saint shrines in the Holy Land. The book’s central claim is that, in the Middle East, a turbulent, often violent political context, states tend to have no clear physical borders, and lands are constantly at stake. In this context, deprived ethno-religious groups with no voice in the political, cultural, media, and legal arenas look for alternative venues to voice their entitlements. Through the book I argue that in Israel/Palestine, religious minorities (Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Druze, and others) employ rituals in various sacred places, especially female saints’ shrines, to claim their belonging to and appropriation of territory. At the heart of this book is the question: What does this female ritualistic revival mean—politically, culturally, and spatially? To answer this question, I base my analysis on a long ethnographic study (2003-2017) that analyzes the rise of female sacred shrines, focusing on four dimensions of the ritual: the body in motion, female materiality, place, and the rituals encrypted in the Israel/Palestine landscape. The book sets out to examine the popularity of body rituals in sacred places, and the female themes that stem from these rituals. I show that, in the practices at these shrines, mostly canonical, the idea of the “body in motion” is central, with rituals imitating birth and the cycle of life using a set of body gestures. These mimetic rituals, performed by men and women, are intimate forces that extend between the female saint and the worshippers. Female materiality strengthens intimacy and creates a bridge between the experience and the material. Minority groups in these venues, Jews and Christians, use these sacred shrines, their female contents and intimate bodily ritualistic experience, to stake a claim to and appropriate the land. The intimacy between saint and worshipper (females and males each in their own modes) created with the body that imitates the cycle of life, and the female material scattered around, are keys to intimate claims to the land, making the land familiar to worshippers. Rituals encrypt female themes into the landscape, a dynamic that is taking place in a zone that has for decades been dominated by violent, masculine-disseminated war and conflict.

Cette recherche se veut une analyse interdisciplinaire de la circulation des connaissances en biologie humaine, aussi bien dans les milieux scolaires que dans le grand public. Elle se propose d'aider les formateurs a prendre conscience de l'importance de ce savoir dans la construction de conceptions acceptables sur notre propre espece, de mettre en evidence les problemes que l'on peut rencontrer dans sa transmission et de suggerer quelques pistes pour les resoudre. Mais ce travail ne se veut pas exhaustif ; il doit simplement etre considere comme une premiere approche, un premier debroussaillage, de ce sujet, et nous esperons qu'il puisse servir de point de depart a d'autres experiences et recherches sur la maniere dont la biologie humaine pourrait etre enseignee et sur les raisons pour lesquelles cette discipline meriterait d'occuper une place plus large dans l'enseignement.

The topic of gender differences, Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and organizational culture has for some time attracted substantial interest on the part of academics and practitioners alike. However, while the impact of gender differences on emotional intelligence on one hand, and the role of organizational culture, on the other hand, have been studied separately, there are not many studies that have explored the overall connection among the three concepts. This study examines the relationship between the three distinct variables; gender differences, Emotional Intelligence, and organizational culture which significantly impact the performance of an organization. It is sought herein to analyze the nature of the aforesaid relationship and present empirical evidence that will demonstrate that there is a complex relationship between these three variables. The research sample was comprised of 110 respondents (N=110) which included 55 males (n=55) and 55 females (n=55) from a leading commercial bank in Sri Lanka. Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample. The relevant demographic information was obtained by using a personal information sheet. The emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) was used to ascertain the level of Emotional Intelligence among those who participated. Gender differences in the Emotional Quotient Inventory reveal that there is no significant Gender Difference in Emotional Intelligence. Further, it revealed that the culture of the organization significantly moderates the impact of gender differences on Emotional Intelligence.

Colour photographs now represent almost all the images produced with the new reality capture tools, mobile phones, which in 2020 'took' 90% of all photos of that year. Black and white is relegated to artistic expression, even newspapers have converted to colour for some years. In the history of photography, although research on colour is attempted from the early stages, it is necessary to wait until 1861 with the experiences of James Clerk Maxwell who created a stable colour image. However, it is from the fifties of the twentieth century that the use of colour becomes 'popular' even in a more aesthetic dimension than an objective reproduction of reality. Part of the ethnographic, anthropological, archaeological and field research, on the other hand still makes use of consolidated and inexpensive black and white for a long time. On these images largely available online and open source you can conduct automatic colouring experiences. The procedure, managed with artificial intelligence algorithms with deep learning processes, is always more widely used with free applications and allows to obtain qualitatively more and more relevant results, even if some critical analysis is still necessary. This article presents the state of the art to 2021 of automatic colouring, with the comparison between algorithms developed since 2016 and showing with experimental examples both the possibilities of rendering and even the critical issues that emerged with the application in anthropological photographs, with the aim of extracting information that is not very evident in the originals in black and white.

La nascita della fotografia a colori, con risultati compiuti, si colloca circa al 1861 con le esperienze di James Clerk Maxwell e i successivi e rapidi miglioramenti e semplificazioni del processo. È tuttavia necessario attendere quasi un secolo, tra gli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta del Novecento, perché questa tecnica divenga popolare. Se in alcuni campi l’uso del colore è stato più frequente – reportage geografici, servizi di guerra, pubblicità – la ricerca etnografica, antropologica,
archeologica si è avvalsa per lungo tempo solo del bianco e nero, consolidato e poco costoso. Oggi sono presenti in raccolte, musei, collezioni corpus di milioni di scatti in bianco e nero – sempre più di frequente digitalizzati e diffusi con licenze open source –
che possono essere analizzati ed elaborati per ricerche originali.
Lo sviluppo sempre più deciso dell’artificial intelligence con processi di deep learning, in programmi efficaci quanto semplici disponibili anche su cellulari, permetterebbe di procedere alla colorazione
automatica delle raccolte, pur se molti degli approcci alla colorazione vertono sull’estetica dell’immagine. Questo articolo presenta e analizza le possibilità e i limiti della colorazione automatica delle immagini applicata all’ambito antropologico – con cenni agli aspetti
tecnici e a temi legati all’estetica della fotografia a colori – mostrando risultati sperimentali e evidenziando sia le possibilità di resa sia le criticità emerse, riflettendo sull’utilizzo delle foto, una volta colorate, per l’estrazione di informazioni poco evidenti negli originali in bianco e nero.

This study aims to discover the Literature Review of Advertisement sector. Advertisement is one of the greatest media of a country which can easily portray and influence a country, its population, ideas, philosophy and culture. In this modern era, Advertising is available at every corner of life. Advertiser wants to make a virtually demographic picture of communication through Advertisement. In Bangladesh, there exist many modes of Advertising which is working like a vital body in this developing country. This study will try to find out the different impression of Advertisement. Through this study, the literature of advertisement, the meaning of advertisement, anthropological view of advertisement, concept of women body advertisement and Bangladeshi advertisement study will come out.

Kursi tunggu merupakan salah satu alat yang penting dan digunakan pada tempat umum pada sebuah ruangan. Fungsi dari kursi tunggu sendiri yakni untuk tempat menunggu seseorang ataupun giliran. Pada dasarnya, kursi di rancang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kenyamanan saat digunakan untuk waktu yang lama, khususnya pada saat mengantri sebuah giliran pembelian produk. Rancangan kursi tunggu yang kurang tepat dapat mempengaruhi kenyamanan konsumen saat menunggu giliran yang dapat barakibat fatal apabila konsumen merasa tidak nyaman konsumen akan pergi, hingga akhirnya munculah rancangan kursi tunggu berdasarkan kebutuhan dari aspek ergonomis.
Ergonomi yaitu satu cabang ilmu yang sistematis untuk memanfaatkan informasi mengenai sifat, kemmapuan, keterbatasan manusia untuk merancang sistem kerja sehingga orang dapat hidup atau bekerja pada sistem dengan baik, yaitu mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan melalui pekerjaan yang efektif, aman, dan nyaman. Adapun salah satu cabang ilmu ergonomi yang digunakan untuk menghitung secara fisik yaitu dengan antropometri. Antropometri sendiri yaitu bagian dari ergonomi yang secara khusus mempelajari ukuran tubuh yang meliputi dimensi linear, serta, isi dan juga meliputi daerah ukuran, kekuatan, kecepatan dan aspek lain dari gerakan tubuh. Oleh sebab itu, pada makalah ini akan membahas rancangan ulang kursi tunggu yang ideal secara fisik manusia berdasarkan perhitungan antropometri.

Presentamos un dossier de la revista Etnografías Contemporáneas sobre una serie de trabajos etnográficos vinculados al hacer y comprender lo digital en nuestras sociedades.
Si tuviéramos que definir el campo de la Etnografa (de lo) digital en una oración, podríamos decir que se trata de una metodología interesada en indagar y reflexionar tanto al mundo contemporáneo como a la relación con nuestros sujetos de estudio mediatizados digitalmente.
Por un lado, en cuanto al mundo digitalmente mediatizado, el abordaje se orientaría a objetos de estudio atravesados por lo digital, intentando ir más allá de aquello que se ve en la superficie: dispositivos digitales de todo el mundo relacionándose de manera dinámica y continua, nuevas prácticas de interacción y formas de ser y estar.
Por otro lado. también podemos afirmar que, en la actualidad, cualquier objeto de estudio de las ciencias sociales está de algún u otro modo alcanzado por Internet y que son muy pocos los campos de estudio que escapan a la red, ya que esta permea prácticamente todos los ámbitos de la vida social, personal y colectiva (Gómez Cruz y Ardèvol, 2013: 194). En este sentido, hacer etnografas de lo digital es etnografiar el mundo contemporáneo.

Il volume raccoglie i contributi scientifici della quinta edizione della Summer School "Migranti, Diritti Umani e Democrazia", promossa dall'Università degli Studi di Palermo, focalizzando l'attenzione sulle tensioni del Nord Africa, con la vicenda libica in primo piano, e sulle rappresentazioni sociali degli stranieri nei mass media, quale scenario al negativo dei mondi migranti. Il testo contribuisce a disvelare meccanismi mentali e simbolici, mettendo in luce le dinamiche politico-mediatiche che fanno da sfondo alla costruzione dei processi comunicativi e delle retoriche pubbliche e cerca di mostrare come le immagini dell' "invasione di massa" degli stranieri e l'informazione emergenziale abbiano finito con l'alimentare ulteriori pregiudizi negli autoctoni.

Stories and Narratives" (1931...1996) by the Salvadoran writer Francisco Gavidia (1863/5-1955) is considered a mature work by one of the founders of modernismo and indigenismo. Nonetheless, the six stories concerning Pre-Hispanic time reduce Middle American cultures and languages to the Mexican High Plateau and to the Yucatec Peninsula. All cultural and linguistic diversity derives from those two prominent regions, forgetting the ecological and ethnic diversity of that cultural area and, particularly, the specific traits of his own country, since natives only exist "in painting". This generalization of Mexican and Yucatec chronicles proposes a radical clash between classic literature and current anthropology since both spheres claim to support national identity despite their obvious contradictions. In this conflict of data and approaches, woman emerges from an anonymous reproductive task for male glory, and submission, to the inaugural betrayal of her autonomy.

The main objective for this anthropological study has been to investigate gendered processes of social reproduction and change from the perspective of women in the historical and socio-cultural context of north-western Tigray, in northern Ethiopia. It is women’s participation in the Tigrayan revolutionary liberation struggle against the military regime, Derg, from the mid-1970s, and through the 1980s – where female fighters in Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), had, together with civil women, also been involved in forging their own revolution within the revolution for women’s emancipation and equality – that forms the historical point of departure. Education, which was emphasised during the struggle as one important tool in the fight to overthrow an oppressive regime and to create social, economic and political reform, was also seen as an important means to build a new society after the war. Education has therefore continued to be important also after the TPLF-based EPRDF (Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front) seized power in Ethiopia in May 1991 – in its pursuit of development and to become a middle-income country by the first half of the 2020s. It is from this perspective, and the fact that new educational opportunities have opened up, not least for girls and women, who historically have occupied a marginal position in Ethiopian education, that education is defined as a ‘site’ where gendered processes of social reproduction and change could be operationalised and studied.

"The place of poverty" is a study carried out in a São Paulo favela between 1972 and 1975. The work seeks to understand the practices and representations of migrants from the Northeast region of Brazil, focusing on the relationship between real and ideal housing. Originally a doctoral thesis completed at the University of São Paulo, the study analyses social situations, life stories and drawings made by residents. The investigation also uses a comparative method to examine changes in the favela through photographs taken over a two-year period.

Anais do I Colóquio de Monografias em Antropologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense:
ISBN: 978-85-94029-30-0
Organizadores: Hugo Virgílio de Oliveira e Theodoro de Carvalho Teles
Editora: Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Pós Graduação e Inovação / UFF

PREFÁCIO – LUCÍA EILBAUM ....... 5 INTRODUÇÃO – A JORNADA ANTROPOLÓGICA E O MAR DE POSSIBILIDADES – HUGO VIRGÍLIO DE OLIVEIRA E THEODORO DE CARVALHO TELES .... 8 MONOGRAFIAS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA DA UFF: REFLEXÕES SOBRE PRÁTICAS DE PESQUISA E DE ESCRITA - FELIPE BEROCAN VEIGA ....12 AS COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS DE SANTARÉM/PA E O PORTO DE MAICÁ: OS EFEITOS SOCIAIS DE UM EMPREENDIMENTO ANUNCIADO – DIEGO PÉREZ OJEDA DEL ARCO .... 18 REFLEXÕES SOBRE O SIGNIFICADO DO CAMPO – JOHN SAMUEL BURDICK .... 22 GRUPO DE TRABALHO EM ANTROPOLOGIA VIRTUAL .... 25 RESUMOS EXPANDIDOS: .... 27 Poder moderado em grupo de whatsapp - Hanna Ribeiro Saracuza Luz .... 27 Considerações sobre o social e o técnico em um campo fake - Rodrigo Januário Martins Domingues .... 31 A Ficção e a Antropologia - Thiago Raphael da Silva Monteiro .... 37 GRUPO DE TRABALHO EM ANTROPOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO, DOS GÊNEROS E DAS SEXUALIDADES ..... 42 ARTIGOS: .... 43 Pornografia e gênero: uma analise etnográfica do site xvideos - Julia Dias Alimonda .... 43 RESUMOS EXPANDIDOS: .... 58 Notas sobre corpo e resguardo entre as mulheres ticuna do alto solimões, brasil - Angélica Antunes de Souza. .... 58 Uma etnogfafia entre idosos: considerações sobre envelhecimento, emulação e gênero em uma instituição asilar - João Pedro de Oliveira Medeiros .... 64 ENSINO SUPERIOR, PERCURSOS ACADÊMICOS E CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM MOÇAMBIQUE: relato de uma experiência de pesquisa junto a professores e alunos na Universidade Eduardo Mondlane - Lucas Santos De Oliveira .... 71 Imanência e Transcendência no Prepara Nem Niterói: etos, política e identidade sob perspectiva interseccional - Theodoro de Carvalho Teles .... 75 GRUPO DE TRABALHO EM ANTROPOLOGIA DA RELIGIÃO .... 79 ARTIGOS: .... 80 O ritual do batismo e as possibilidades da construção de identidade religiosa - Edivaldo Rocha de Sousa Menezes ..... 80 GRUPO DE TRABALHO EM CONFLITOS E MORALIDADES .... 93 ARTIGOS: ..... 94 ARTES MARCIAIS E DIREITO PENAL: relação entre os valores dos praticantes e a tipicidade das condutas - Jaider dos Santos Costa .... 94 RESUMOS EXPANDIDOS .... 107 “Ser ou não ser?”: a linha tênue entre ser nativo e ser pesquisador - Hugo Virgilio de Oliveira ....107 MORTE SEVERINA: Análise de uma forma de morrer literária - Sirius Ferreira de Carvalho .... 111 RESUMOS: ..... 116 AS DESCASCADEIRAS DO MERCADO DE MACAÉ: uma etnografia sobre as atividades femininas e seus conflitos na pesca artesanal - Allyne Mesquita de Oliveira .... 116 POSFÁCIO - O CONHECIMENTO ANTROPOLÓGICO E A BUSCA DE NOSSA UNIDADE PERDIDA - DANIEL BITTER ..... 118 LISTA DE MONOGRAFIAS APRESENTADAS E APROVADAS NO CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA ICHF UFF – ORGANIZAÇÃO DE THEODORO DE CARVALHO TELES .... 121 ANEXO – FOTOS DO EVENTO (FOTOS DO CENTRO ACADÊMICO DE ANTROPOLOGIA ICHF-UFF..... 138

The Jadopatia has found a niche working among the Santals. The work he performs is connected with the fate of the deceased Santal. These ritual acts are firmly planted in the world-view and ritual context of the Santal as well as Hindu society. However, this event is not a compulsory part of the Santal funeral ritual cycle. How is it then that the Santal generally accepts the Jadopatia's visit, and complies with the Jadopatias demands when he performs his mortuary act?

The Hakka are a southern Chinese cultural group which has seen a considerable diaspora over several countries of Southeast Asia, especially Taiwan. Today, some thirty-five million people speak the Hakka language (one of the seven main dialect groups of Chinese), of which almost twenty-five million live in continental China, especially in the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi.

Introducción Hay certeza de que ya las civilizaciones más antiguas utilizaban la interpretación de las manos para determinar tipos de conducta humana. Pero no siempre se trataba de un estudio psicológico o quirología, sino más bien de quiromancia, esto es interpretaciones no homogéneas o basadas en creencias no constatables. Ya los egipcios y los chinos practicaban quiromancia. El mismo Buda en la India se hizo examinar sus manos por quiromantes. Las mujeres mahometanas tiene prohibido enseñar sus manos para que no se descubra su interior. En occidente, el uso de la quiromancia ha estado en manos de gitanos y fue desarrollada en el siglo XIX por los franceses, el conde de Arpentigny y Desborolles, que en un viaje por España entraron en contacto con tribus gitanas y aprendieron de ellos la práctica de la lectura de las manos, descubriendo ciertas correlaciones entre la forma de las manos y dedos y las características artísticas: los artistas suelen tener dedos afilados y manos suaves, mientras que los " científicos " mostraban manos con nudillos prominentes y muy marcados. Se suele poner a Carl Gustav Carus (1789-1869) como el fundador de la moderna teoría de la expresión, a partir de su obra Psyche, en la que pone como fundamento de la vida anímica consciente el mundo del subconsciente. Por ello todo su valor depende de la significación que se dé al subconsciente, hoy en día muy discutido. Sin embargo, y prescindiendo de la filosofía psicológica subyacente, podremos analizar algunas formas de las manos humanas con sus múltiples singularidades para poder, de alguna manera, poner de manifiesto rasgos psíquicos. La única forma que tenemos para realizar este trabajo es la utilización del método fenomenológico y la estadística, ya que podemos afirmar que cualquier expresión externa tiene alguna relación con la personalidad psicológica, aunque siempre con carácter relativo. Además de lo subconsciente, hay que afirmar que la comprensión del sentido de las formas es condición indispensable para la ciencia psicológica de la interpretación de las manos y de cualquier otra manifestación corporal, ya sea la grafología, ya la mímica o la pantomímica, etc. Según Klages ver el sentido de las formas no es otra cosa que ver simbólicamente cualquier manifestación o expresión corporal. Y esto vale también para la interpretación de todas las formas artísticas: pintura, escultura, arquitectura, etc. Así se suele interpretar las formas abiertas –en la grafología, por ejemplo– como símbolo de una apertura espiritual-psicológica, mientras que las cerradas significan más bien falta de este tipo de apertura hacia el mundo. Pero hay que advertir como algo totalmente necesario que es imposible juzgar a una persona por el análisis de un solo signo externo corporal, ya que la complejidad del ser humano es un todo que necesita de una completa observación para determinar su manera de ser o su carácter. Sólo nos ayuda a confirmar o a establecer una hipótesis que deberá ser verificada por la experiencia y la observación continuada.

Segons un reputat folklorista barceloní, la història del foc festiu a la ciutat comtal encara s’ha de fer. Amb aquest text, pretenem presentar-ne una primera aproximació, tot i que cal reconèixer que el projecte serà un xic fallit fins que no aparegui documentació perduda, com ara el primer volum del Llibre de les Solemnitats o comptabilitat medieval, i fins que no es faci un buidatge sistemàtic de diverses fonts documentals i de la nombrosíssima premsa dels segles XIX i XX. Alguns indicis localitzats han permès d’aportar un bri de llum al fosc període 1850-1936, malgrat que no gosem afirmar que hagi canviat gaire cosa.

RESUMEN
Influencia de Shopenhauer en Freud.
Un cuidadoso análisis de la obra central de Schopenhauer, El mundo como voluntad y representación, muestra que muchas de las ideas más características de Freud habían sido anticipadas por Schopenhauer. Todo pensador expresa siempre algo de la cultura de su tiempo, por supuesto, pero los paralelismos que encontramos entre Freud y Schopenhauer van más allá de la mera influencia cultural. El concepto schopenhauriano de voluntad contiene los fundamentos de lo que en Freud llegarán a ser los conceptos del inconsciente y del Ello.
Los escritos de Schopenhauer sobre la locura anticipan la teoría de la represión de Freud y su primera teoría sobre la etiología de las neurosis. La obra de Schopenhauer contiene aspectos de la futura teoría de la libre asociación. Y lo que es más importante, Schopenhauer anticipa la mayor parte de la teoría freudiana de la sexualidad.
Schopenhauer, como psicólogo de la voluntad, es el padre de toda la psicología moderna. Desde él parte una línea que, a través del radicalismo psicológico de Nietzsche, va directa hasta Freud y los hombres que construyeron su psicología del inconsciente y la aplicaron a las ciencias de la mente.
Dr. Adolfo Vásquez Rocca

Esta  dissertação de  mestrado tem  por objetivo apresentar o cinema de  ficção como acervo  antropológico  imaginário.  Nosso objeto é o  cinema  pernambucano  do  diretor Kleber Mendonça Filho e seus filmes Aquarius (2016) e O Som ao Redor (2012). Baseando-se  nas  discussões  propostas por Gilbert  Durand  e  Gaston  Bachelard sobre imaginação simbólica,  espaços  poéticos e  temporalidades,  propomos  investigar  como  o  cinema funciona  como  um  produto  de  representação  e construção da  realidade  social,  que fabrica códigos,  símbolos, signos  alegóricos, mitos  e  narrativas. Desse  modo,  tanto  a representação  quanto  a construção da  realidade  social  produzem  o  imaginário  na sociedade. Discutimos a cidade imaginária como o lugar das representações, de criação de  imaginações  e  de  narrativas  sociais  de  predominância  espaço-temporal. Nesse entendimento,  abarcamos uma  perspectiva  multidisciplinar  de  envergadura  socio-antropológica afim de interpretar e analisar como os filmes contemporâneos que tratam a  cidade  do Recife  como  um  lugar  de  intensas  transformações  relacionados  ao  espaço urbano desenvolvem  discursos  dos  espaços poéticos memoriais  cotidianos  da  cidade imaginária e da casa.Nesse sentido, a dissertação tem como base uma pesquisa teórica para empreender o cinema como possibilidade de investigação antropológica.

Western Sahara: Africa’s Last Colony, Tensões Mundiais, ForTaleza, v. 13, n. 25, p. 37-52, 2017. (https://revistas.uece.br/index.php/tensoesmundiais/article/view/350/263)
ABSTRACT: This article aims to reveal the  complicity  of  the  international  community          with          Moroccan          colonialism  in  Western  Sahara.  Since  1987,  the  Moroccan  wall  separates  the Saharawi people into two groups: one  group  lives  under  Moroccan  occupation,  the  other  lives  in  exile  camps  in  Southern  Algeria.  It  is  a  Bedouin  village,  nomadic,  colonized  by  Spain,  but  has  maintained  a  persistent anti-colonial resistance and struggle for self-determination.

RESUMEN
Esta tesis, para optar al grado de Magíster en Filosofía, problematiza y somete a análisis crítico algunos de los supuestos de la teoría de las comunicaciones y de la naturaleza y alcance del fenómeno de la globalización. Todo esto removiendo las posiciones tradicionales y los lugares comunes inercialmente aceptados por disciplinas como el periodismo –que constituían mi formación de pregrado–.
Esta revisión estará acotada al pensamiento de Peter Sloterdijk, fundamentalmente a  Esferas II Globos1 y El Mundo Interior del Capital; Para una teoría filosófica de la globalización2 , obra que constituye un flanco adyacente del “proyecto Esferas”, donde se ensaya una teoría antropotécnica de las comunicaciones, partiendo de la primera gran telecomunicación tenida lugar mediante lo que Sloterdijk llama la articulación más importante en la cadena epistolar [telecomunicativa] que fue sin duda la recepción del envío griego [su Filosofía y cuerpo de saberes] por parte de los romanos3, pues sólo la apropiación romana abrió el texto griego al Imperio y, tras la caída de la mitad occidental, lo hizo accesible al menos indirectamente para las culturas europeas posteriores4.
Los libros –de acuerdo a esta concepción–  no son sino voluminosas cartas a los amigos a distancia, una telecomunicación fundadora de amistad por medio de la escritura, a la que Sloterdijk no dudará en llamarla “la esencia y función del Humanismo”5. Desde que existe la filosofía como género literario, recluta ella a sus adeptos por este medio, escribiendo de modo contagioso sobre el amor y la amistad. No se trata sólo de un discurso sobre el amor a la sabiduría, sino también de conmover a otros y moverlos a este amor. Pues bien, este ha sido mi caso, he comprobado como la filosofía escrita, tras sus comienzos hace dos mil quinientos años, se mantiene aún en estado virulento, con plena capacidad para hacer amigos a través del texto. Aquí podemos notar que toda telecomunicación necesita una infraestructura  –un medio técnico–, en este caso –en el estadio más temprano de esta historia de las comunicaciones que se pretende abordar–  fue la inscripción de la filosofía sobre rollos escritos transportables lo que posibilitó que la correspondencia antes aludida haya podido llegar a los romanos que se dieron a sí mismos la tarea de descifrar las cartas llegadas de Grecia, dando lugar en este cruce a la cultura grecorromana.

“Si se tienen en cuenta las consecuencias epocales de la correspondencia grecoromana, se vuelve evidente que se explican éstas en gran medida con la escritura, envío y recepción de material escrito filosófico. Claramente, el remitente de este género de cartas amistosas echa sus escritos al mundo sin conocer a los destinatarios, o en caso de conocerlos, comprende de todos modos que el envío epistolar pasa por encima de éstos y está en condiciones de provocar una cantidad indeterminada de amistades con lectores anónimos, a menudo no nacidos aún. Desde un punto de vista erotológico, la amistad hipotética de los escritores librescos y epistolares con el destinatario de sus envíos representa un caso de amor a la distancia... y esto decididamente en el sentido de Nietzsche, quien sabía que la escritura es el poder de transformar el amor al prójimo en vida desconocida, lejana, por venir. La escritura no sólo efectúa un arco telecomunicativo entre amigos probados, que para la época del envío viven a distancia espacial el uno del otro, sino que pone en marcha una operación hacia lo improbable, lanza una seducción a la lejanía –una actio in distans, por decirlo en el idioma de la antigua magia europea–, con el objetivo de comprometer como tal al amigo desconocido, y moverlo al ingreso en el círculo de amistades”6.

Son precisamente esos textos los que generan un anhelo reflexivo en torno al tema de la filosofía de Sloterdijk y justamente en el ámbito de una teoría ontológica centrada en la última globalización.

De este modo, entrando en contacto con los textos filosóficos y contagiándome con esta escritura virulenta a través del camino recorrido en el Postgrado de Filosofía, es que me encuentro escribiendo, comprometida en esta empresa epistolar, una tesis, con la cual espero encontrar amigos e interlocutores, los que expuestos a esta carta voluminosa puedan, efectivamente, entender esta investigación como una carta de invitación, y dejándose entusiasmar por la lectura, incorporarse al círculo de los interpelados para acusar aquí recibo de la carta. De este modo particular, intento una indagación que se inicia con algunas perplejidades y preguntas que al irse delineando me han permitido esbozar una reflexión crítica y original en torno a  cuestiones tales como:

¿Cómo entender el proceso de la globalización? ¿Cuáles son los efectos de la globalización en el ser humano? ¿Cuál es la relación que se da entre la globalización y la tradición histórica conocida? ¿La actual será la última globalización que debe enfrentar el hombre? ¿Cómo configura su forma de percibir el entorno el hombre a partir de los cambios que se producen en el exterior de él? y finalmente ¿Cómo el ser humano habita con seguridad en el mundo?

Frente a estos cuestionamientos es que además me permitió no desligarme de mi formación inicial vinculada a las comunicaciones, sino por el contrario, a partir de allí, encontrar una continuidad en la investigación, por sobre todo una profundidad en el estudio reflexivo de la globalización.

No es tarea fácil que un Magister albergue tan diversas líneas de investigación como podrían ser los estudios culturales, el periodismo, la psicología o la botánica, sin embargo, las temáticas planteadas semestre a semestre permiten al investigador ampliar de forma sistemática y profunda sus visiones particulares que tienen a partir de su formación de pre-grado.

En el caso de esta tesis, la globalización representa un problema fundamental en las teorías de la comunicación del periodismo académico. Está en el centro del hombre y su vinculación con los medios. Por ello, la visión de Sloterdijk es un aporte preciso a lo que inicialmente fue entendido como un proceso moderno y sin historia, llegando a entender que es un cambio en la forma de mirar y releer este fenómeno llamado globalización o ser-en-el-mundo –filosóficamente hablando– como lo denomina Sloterdijk, basándose en Heidegger.

INDEMARES Project made possible to bring together economic and staff resources to study in detail, and from multiple perspectives, the area of South of Fuerteventura (Amanay and El Banquete Semounts). Methodologies have been applied to study hydrography, making a regional characterization, depicting main water masses, and current hydrodynamics. Geology has been tackled including bathymetric uplifting, seismic profiles, sediment and petrological sampling, obtaining digital terrain models, type of bottom maps, geomorphological maps, as an output. Benthopelagic, demersal, epibenthic and endobenthic communities have been characterized, paying special attention to sensitive habitats which inventory and mapping was the project’s main aim. Habitat identification has been made with direct and visual samplers, the latter making a major sampling effort possible without an increase of bottom impact. Moreover, fisheries footprint has been identified by Vessel Monitoring System data, together with logbooks from Secretaría General de Pesca (Fisheries Ministry), as well as a hard interviewing and surveying task at landing points. Information has been managed and analysed by different research groups from different Centres (Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona, Universidad de Barcelona, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander y Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga del Instituto Español de Oceanografía), although the main body of the work, plus coordination, has been made by the Canary Islands Oceanographic Centre, from the Spanish Institute of Oceanography. Results let us have a multidisciplinary profound knowledge of the study zone, comparable to few other marine research projects off Macaronesia. The study about oceanography, geology and biologic communities has allowed the habitats characterization and mapping by means of intensive sampling and habitat suitability analysis.

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo combinar las herramientas analíticas, conceptuales y metodológicas de la etnografía con la llamada “astronomía cultural”. Se propone un estudio sistemático de una dimensión por lo general ignorada de la vida social indígena: la relación significativa entre el plano celeste y la vida social. El trabajo de campo fue realizado entre los Toba de la Provincia de Formosa, Argentina. Palabras clave: Astronomía cultural. Organización social, Mitología, Género.

Abstract: The present article has the objective of combining the analytical, conceptual and methodological tools of ethnography with what is known as “cultural astronomy”. It proposes the systematic study of one dimension of the social life of indigenous people: the significant relationship between the sky and social life. The field work for this article was done among the Toba of the Province of Formosa, Argentina. Keywords: Cultural Astronomy, Social Organization, Mythology, Gender.

Mohamed is the Principal Investigator for the European Research Council-funded project ‘Arabic Poetry in the Cairo Genizah’, which will allow him to lead academic teamwork to expand his work on Arabic Poetry in the Cairo Genizah comprehensively. The project aims to make the entirety of Arabic and Judaeo-Arabic poetry in the Cairo Genizah accessible to both academic scholars and the public in a comprehensive database and critical editions. The project hopes to reveal, through the study of poetry, hitherto hidden aspects of social and cultural history of the Jews in the Middle East with regard to literacy, education and intercommunal relations. The goal is to explore hierarchies, interpersonal relationships and the social function of poetry in medieval and early modern Egypt through the study of Genizah poetry.

El artículo describe y analiza la mitología wixarika acerca de los ríos, las aguas marítimas y las precipitaciones pluviales. Asimismo, aborda las preocupaciones que suscita, en dicha mitología, la construcción de dos presas hidroeléctricas: una que ya ha sido edificada en Aguamilpa en el río Grande de Santiago y otra que muy pronto se levantará en el río San Pedro. Con ello pretendo destacar algunos principios para la comprensión de la retórica wixarika referentes a su lógica interna, a la alteridad y a la transformación de la tradición. Palabras clave: huichol, mitología, hidrología, ríos, presas. This article describes and analyzes Wixarika mythology related to rivers, oceans and rain, especially in light of the concerns for their mythology raised by the construction of two hydroelectric dams: one already constructed at Aguamilpa on the Grande de Santiago River, and another soon to be built on the San Pedro River. The objective of the essay is to underscore some principles for understanding the internal logic of Wixarika rhetoric in terms of otherness and the transformation of tradition.

November 21, Thursday, 6:00pm, Casa Hispánica (612, 116th Street)

ARABIC TRANSLATION AT THE END OF IMPERIAL SPAIN (1714-1814)

Speaker: Claire Gilbert (History, University of Saint Louis)
Respondent: Ardeta Gjikola (The Society of Fellows, Columbia)
Moderator: Pier Mattia Tommasino (Italian, Columbia)
Moderator: Seth Kimmel (LAIC, Columbia)

This paper studies how scholars and politicians of the Ilustración relied on medieval precedents in Spanish Arabism for philological and political projects. Those precedents were related to the politics of belonging and exclusion which shaped early modern Spanish society. Their memory and use into the eighteenth century affected the new attitudes of Spanish foreign policy with Arabic speakers across the Mediterranean. Departing from the example of the Hieronymite friar, Escorial Arabic professor, and administrator in Spanish Tangier, Patricio de la Torre (1760–1814), I explore policies of memory and adaptation of the linguistic technologies and ideologies of the late “Reconquista” in Spain’s colonial agenda in Morocco, particularly through Torres’s adaptation of the works of Pedro de Alcalá (1505-1506). Indeed, the drive to “reduce” the common language of the ally or enemy was just as vital in the 1790s for Spanish ministers looking to Morocco as those in the 1490s looking to Granada. In each of these contexts, and throughout the period between, translators and philologists provided the linguistic knowledge with which to rule across boundaries and conduct international relations.