Business Process Modeling

Abstract. The paper introduces the problem of process intentionality as a basic condition for fulfilling the contents of the idea of processorientation in process models. Consequently it discusses the role of the business process modeling methodology in achieving the substantial effects of the idea of processoriented management. In   this   context   it   introduces   the   concept   of   business   process patterns as   a   part   of   the  Methodology   for  Business   Process  Analysis   and Management (MMABP)  and explains their important role in the methodology. Different conceptions and meanings of the popular concept of BP Patterns are discussed before   the   specific  meaning   of   this   concept   in   the  MMABP   is explained. The basic BP Pattern is described and explained in detail together with connected principles and features of the MMABP with  the help of the Business Process Metamodel. Specific respect is paid to the role of BP Patterns as an expression and expla...

In order to continuously improve its knowledge and to identify problems and possible solutions, an organization requires understanding of the way business is aligned with the organizational strategy and how information systems are supporting the business. The paper presents a framework for describing and associating organizational concepts at multiple levels of detail using three separate areas of concerns: goals and strategy, business processes, and information systems. The framework is presented as an extension to the ...

The paper presents integration of spatial data and processes in local administration, or how to develop integral spatial information system for local government. Firstly, it is necessary to identify existing problems, then define the goals, and finally choose the appropriate solution. The obstacles that inhibit such approach are already recognizable in many municipal departments and relate to insufficient utilization of existing information system due to diverse applications, and inaccessibility of datasets located at various locations, and consequently, growing maintenance costs for the information system. The objectives to be pursued are: to integrate the functionality of the entire system, to enable the availability of spatial data to all employees, to ensure full interaction, cooperation and exchange of information between the mayor, officials and citizens, and based on this, to optimize the costs maintenance and further development of the information system. In this sense, the solution imposes centralization and integration of all spatial data and processes related to them, through a unique model and with web architecture at the level of the whole organization. Additionally, the benefits from implementation of such solution, as well as its impact on the work of the administration from economic and social benefits point have been analyzed.

In the past couple of centuries, humankind has achieved a significant improvement in the quality of life of the world's population, in large due to important advancements in the automation of wealthgenerating activities. Business Process Management (BPM) studies concepts, methods, techniques, and tools that support and improve the way business processes are designed, performed, and analyzed in organizations, including workflow automation and control of business processes and decision-making practices. Artificial Intelligence (AI), in turn, strives to automate natural intelligence exhibited by humans, including the perception of the environment, taken decisions and actions, and learning and problem-solving. In this keynote, the discussion investigates how results in BPM inform and improve solutions to the problems addressed in AI, and vice versa. To exemplify potential synergies of the two fields, the keynote presents two concrete projects in the intersection of BPM and AI that Dr. Polyvyanyy works on together with his colleagues and Ph.D. students, namely applying the ideas from Process Mining, the subarea of BPM, to tackle the problems of Robotic Process Automation [1] and Goal Recognition [2] studied in AI. The screencast of the keynote is publicly available. 1

This thesis develops and explores a technique called Protocol Modelling, a mathematics for the description of orderings. Protocol Modelling can be viewed as a hybrid of object orientation, as it supports ideas of data encapsulation and object instantiation; and process algebra, as it supports a formally defined idea of process and process composition.

The first half of the thesis focuses on describing and defining the Protocol Modelling technique. A formal denotational semantics for protocol machines is developed and used to establish various properties; in particular that composition is closed and preserves
type safety. The formal semantics is extended to cover instantiation of objects. Comparison is made with other process algebras and an approach to unification of different formulations of the semantics of process composition is proposed.

The second half of the thesis explores three applications of Protocol Modelling:

Object Modelling. This explores the use of Protocol Modelling as a medium for object modelling, and the facility to execute protocol models is described. Protocol Modelling is compared with other object modelling techniques; in particular by contrasting its compositional style with traditional hierarchical inheritance.

Protocol Contracts. This proposes the use of protocol models as a medium for expressing formal behavioural contracts. This is compared with more traditional forms of software contract in the generalization of the notion of contractual obligation as a mechanism for software specification.

Choreographed Collaborations. In this application Protocol Modelling is used as a medium to describe choreographies for asynchronous multiparty collaborations. A compositional approach to choreography engineering, enabled by the synchronous semantics of Protocol Modelling, is explored and results established concerning sufficient
conditions for choreography realizability. The results are extended to address choreographies that employ behavioural rules based on data.

The research activity outlined in this thesis is devoted to define a general approach, a concrete architecture and a prototype Process Management System (PMS) for the automated adaptation of dynamic processes at run-time, on the basis of a declarative specification of process tasks and relying on well-established reasoning about actions and planning techniques. The purpose is to demonstrate that the combination of procedural and imperative models with declarative elements, along with the exploitation of techniques from the field of artificial intelligence (AI), such as Situation Calculus, IndiGolog and automated planning, can increase the ability of existing PMSs of supporting dynamic processes. To this end, a prototype PMS named SmartPM, which is specifically tailored for supporting collaborative work of process participants during pervasive scenarios, has been developed. The adaptation mechanism deployed on SmartPM is based on execution monitoring for detecting failures at run-time, which does not require the definition of the adaptation strategy in the process itself (as most of the current approaches do), and on automatic planning techniques for the synthesis of the recovery procedure.

Naša naloga bo izvesti modeliranje in simulacijo na osnovi treh delovnih procesov. Delovne procese sestavljajo trije pravilniki, ki se izvajajo na Fakulteti za informacijske študije v Novem mestu, in sicer: Pravilnik o anketiranju študentov, pravilnik o študentih s posebnim statusom ter pravilnik o izvajanju delovne prakse. Vse tri pravilnike bomo najprej opisali in nato izdelali tabelo aktivnosti in tabelo lastnosti (metodologija TAD) za vsak delovni proces. Pomagali si bomo s programskim orodjem iGrafx, kjer bomo izvedli modeliranje in simulacijo. Na podlagi rezultatov simulacije bomo ugotovili kako posamezna aktivnost vpliva na celoten proces ter podali predlog za izboljšavo le-te.
KLJUČNE BESEDE:
Delovni proces, modeliranje, simulacije, metodologija TAD, programsko orodje iGrafx.

Τα αποτελέσματα της παγκοσμιοποίησης και της τεχνολογικής εξέλιξης τα τελευταία είκοσι χρόνια αύξησαν το ρυθμό των επιχειρηματικών αλλαγών και το βαθμό του ανταγωνισμού σε σχέση με το παρελθόν. Προσπαθώντας να ανταποκριθούν στις πραγματοποιούμενες αλλαγές, οι θεωρητικοί της Διοίκησης Επιχειρήσεων προσπάθησαν να εισάγουν νέες ιδέες που θα μπορούσαν να βοηθήσουν τις επιχειρήσεις να επιβιώσουν στη νέα απαιτητική πραγματικότητα. Οι ιδέες που αναπτύχθηκαν και παρουσιάστηκαν κατά καιρούς δεν ήταν όλες το ίδιο επιτυχημένες και εύστοχες, ούτε και απόλυτα πρωτότυπες, αφού στην πλειοψηφία των περιπτώσεων στηρίζονταν σε παλαιότερες θεωρίες επαναδιατυπωμένες ή εμπλουτισμένες με ορισμένα νέα στοιχεία. Ορισμένες από τις πιο επιτυχημένες νέες θεωρίες που παρουσιάστηκαν, παρότι εκ πρώτης άποψης δείχνουν διαφορετικές μεταξύ τους, στην πραγματικότητα έχουν έναν κοινό πυρήνα, ενώ αρκετά συχνά αλληλοσυμπληρώνονται. Έτσι, η Ολική Ποιότητα (Total Quality Management) της δεκαετίας του ογδόντα και η Αναδιοργάνωση Επιχειρησιακών Διαδικασιών (Business Process Reengineering) του ενενήντα, που αποτελούν τις δύο πιο πετυχημένες νέες προσεγγίσεις στη Διοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων έχουν ως κεντρικό άξονα την έννοια της διαχείρισης των επιχειρησιακών διαδικασιών. Αυτή ακριβώς η έννοια, η διαχείριση των επιχειρησιακών διαδικασιών, αποτελεί και το αντικείμενο του βιβλίου.

Το βιβλίο πραγματεύεται τη διαχείριση επιχειρησιακών διαδικασιών, προσπαθεί να εξηγήσει τη φιλοσοφία της και να παρουσιάσει βασικές επιστημονικές μεθόδους και εργαλεία που μπορούν να βοηθήσουν σημαντικά στην επιτυχή υλοποίησή της σε μια σύγχρονη επιχείρηση. Εξηγεί τις συσχετίσεις της με δημοφιλείς προσεγγίσεις οργάνωσης και διοίκησης επιχειρήσεων όπως η ολική ποιότητα, η συνεχής βελτίωση, η αναδιοργάνωση επιχειρησιακών διαδικασιών, η κοστολόγηση και διαχείριση δραστηριοτήτων και η μέτρηση της απόδοσης. Εντοπίζει τους δυνητικούς της χρήστες και εξηγεί τον τρόπο με τον οποίο μπορούν να βελτιώσουν την απόδοση της επιχείρησης μέσω της υιοθέτησής της.

Given the increasing importance of value chain collaboration, business processes need to be more closely aligned across organizational boundaries. Hence, business process modeling and design have to be enhanced and extended to cope with inter-organizational business relationships. Among the challenges that arise are interdependencies between internal and external processes, different process logic and terminology, missing clarification of responsibilities and confidentiality issues. This paper analyzes existing approaches to business process modeling, workflow management and B2B standardization with regard to the specific requirements concerning inter-organizational business process design. It extracts the relevant concepts addressing these requirements and draws up an agenda for further research.

The current real estate purchasing process in the South African sector can be described as inefficient due to heavy reliance on multiple third parties which results in high transaction costs and a prolonging of the time in which property transactions are completed. Additionally, the extensive manual review and verification of financial and legal documents as well as manually updating multiple systems with redundant information not only takes time but is also prone to error and fraudulent activities. Blockchain technology presents an opportunity for the real estate sector as it has the potential to bring about more efficient transactions. This study examines two approaches to executing real estate transactions; the South African case and an international blockchain technology use case. Two conceptual models are presented using Business Process Modelling and Notation. Document review was employed in order to provide sufficient information on the real estate transactions. The findings show that the South African real estate transaction process is inefficient as it is manual, involves paper-based documents, and relies heavily on third parties which results in numerous bottlenecks. The study revealed that blockchain-based transactions are more efficient and reduce reliance on third parties and manual processes. The study contributes two conceptual models illustrating how the two different processes are conducted. It also contributes a list of the challenges and opportunities related to blockchain-based real estate transactions.

The Business  Analysis  Planning  and  Monitoring defines  the  tasks associated with the planning and monitoring of business analysis activities. In addition, this are includes monitoring and reporting on  work  performed  to  ensure  that  the  business  analysis  effort  produces  the  expected outcomes.

The business processes and workflows of Public Administration within the Hungarian Government are transformed profoundly in the past years. As more and more tasks of public administration are carried out by the assistance of electronic solutions, the tracking and monitoring of activities became possible whereby data in electronic form are available for data processing. In enterprises, the performance measurement, strategic enterprise management and similar approaches turn out to be fashionable; moreover, the techniques and methods out of data science provides the opportunities for data analytics on the collected data. As the e-public administration develops and significant amount of data will be accessible for data processing it will give the chance to apply data science for the wide spectrum of activities within public administration. There is project that is planned and dedicated to the before-mentioned task. Firstly, a data warehouse will be built that will collect and load the data from disparate sources in a data schemes within the data warehouse that will suit data analytics. We will analyze the E-government architecture, public administration processes and the available techniques of data science that will provide useful services for the senior public officers.

Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems provide key capabilities to the coalition and national command authorities for intelligence collection, exploitation and battle management. ISR systems support the full range of component commanders at all levels of command. Further, both coalition and national command authorities may employ exploited and pre-exploited ISR information in the development of politico-military options for military and civil operations within an area of operations (AO). As a result, ISR information provides a critical piece of information for both military commanders and their civilian counterparts operating in the same AO and will likely be in demand for contingency operations from disaster relief to military conflict. This paper will present the key findings of experimentation employing network enabled databases and ISR management tools for dissemination of ISR data and information. Subjects to be addressed include but are not limited to information security and cross domain data transfer, network resource allocation and tools provided for review and minimization of bandwidth requirements, tasking and management of ISR systems by end users outside of traditional networks, communications capabilities and limitations realized through collaboration functions and web enabled applications as well as ISR command and control in an open network of multiple end users.

The Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is the de-facto standard for representing in a very expressive graphical way the processes occurring in virtually every kind of organization one can think of, from cuisine recipes to the Nobel Prize assignment process, incident management, e-mail voting systems, travel booking procedures, to name a few. In this work, we give an overview of BPMN and we present what are the links with other well-known machineries such as BPEL and XPDL. We give an assessment of how the OMG's BPMN standard is perceived and used by practitioners in everyday business process modeling chores.

Provided article discusses the features of the organization and management of hotel enterprises, it specifies concepts of organization and management in the hospitality industry. Furthermore, it provides the classification of the models and forms of management of hotel enterprises, and the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the management.

Podejście procesowe niegdyś znajdowało zastosowanie głównie w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwami, lecz od pewnego czasu daje się także zauważyć coraz szersze wykorzystywanie tej koncepcji w urzędach administracji publicznej. Wynika to w szczególności z wdrażania norm zarządzania jakością oraz realizacji w urzędach projektów informatycznych. Administracja posiada specyfikę procesów, np. ich formalizację wynikającą z silnego powiązania z systemem prawnym. W konsekwencji z jednej strony urzędy doskonale nadają się do zastosowania w nich elementów zarządzania procesowego, z drugiej występuje wiele typowych trudności przy wykorzystywaniu tego podejścia. Obserwacje autora i analiza literatury pozwalają na  twierdzenie, że podstawową barierą jest niedostateczne zrozumienie idei orientacji procesowej przez pracowników urzędów. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka podejścia procesowego w zarządzaniu jednostkami administracji publicznej oraz analiza możliwości zastosowania tego podejścia, a także przyczyn trudności w jego wdrażaniu.

This paper presents an application of BPMN for the modeling of Tax Administration processes within the One-Stop-Shop system for the registration of business entities, using a modern software tool. The primary goal of this paper is to draw attention to a possible application of BPMN and to present some identified difficulties in ensuring simple means of process modeling and information sharing among the business users and process implementers. It was shown that BPMN facilitates communication among the key parties in cross-organizational e-Government. Additionally, the conclusion was that using BPMN can be a useful starting point for highlighting critical points in collaboration of involved processes.

In this paper we compare two different ways of visualising business processes, the Business Process Modelling Notation 2.0 and Dynamic Condition Response graphs (DCR graph). For visualisation of the constraints and the rules of this process, the concept of the DCR graph will be used, involving elements like actors, events, constraints, scenarios etc. After the DCR graph, a BPMN model will be used, which helps reflecting on some of the key elements which are found in the DCR graph. This kind of documentation is used to show of the flow of the different business processes, and see what kind of opportunity of routes, can be seen within the process

This paper addresses a methodology for developing the various user interfaces (UI) of a workflow information system (WIS), which are advocated to automate business processes, following a model-centric approach based on the requirements and processes of the organization. The methodology applies to: 1) integrate human and machines based activities, in particular those involving interaction with IT applications and tools, 2) to identify how tasks are structured, who perform them, what their relative order is, how they are offered or assigned, and how tasks are being tracked. For this purpose, workflow is recursively decomposed into processes which are in turn decomposed into tasks. Each task gives rise to a task model whose structure, ordering, and connection with the domain model allows the automated generation of corresponding UIs in a transformational approach.

STMIK STIKOM Indonesia has implemented the standards set by the government in the management of higher education, one of which is the international standard ISO-9001. In these standards, procedures contained in the management of higher education, limited access to and understanding of the content of university management procedures as well as the form of text-based procedure was judged to be the cause of incomprehension stakeholders resulting in the ineffectiveness of the established procedure. One attempt to solve this problem is to construct a form of media that can be accessed and understood by stakeholders. The media can be a graphical representation in the form of a diagram that can tell the content of the procedure. Based on the results of the analysis showed that the procedure has not been carried out properly so it needs to be improved overall business processes. Modeling using BPMN be the perfect solution to represent a business process flow. 1. INTRODUCTION University as an educational institution that organizes learning activities for people who want higher education. In college management refers to the standards set by the government. STMIK STIKOM Indonesia (STIKI) as one of the private universities in Bali has implemented the standards set by the government, as evidenced by obtaining accredited status. In carrying out its management, in addition to the standard set by the government, STIKI also uses international standards such as ISO-9001: 2008. In those standards, contained in the management procedures starting from academic colleges, keuangaan, the facility to research and community service. The procedure documents in the form of text with a common language. Currently the procedure document can only be accessed by the authorities, such as the head of each division. It often leads to a misperception of the stakeholders (stakeholders). Limited access and understanding of the content of university management procedures as well as the form of text-based procedures judged to be the cause of incomprehension stakeholders resulted in the ineffectiveness of the established procedure. Governance good college is not enough merely expressed in a procedure. The problem is more fundamental is how the procedure is carried out, so as to achieve a good university management in accordance with established standards. One that can be improved is by constructing a form of media that can be accessed and understood by stakeholders. The media can be a graphical representation of a diagram that can tell the shape of the contents of the procedure. With the realization of a media that can be understood together, are expected to procedures work well and can be improved on an ongoing basis.

A digital strategy is the use of information technology digital tools to accomplish something that responds to consumers, bridging brand experiences, iterating offerings, and collecting and activating consumer relationships in order to accomplish an actionable and measurable objective. (Accenture, 2015).

Because of the rising complexity of indirect business areas, processes become less transparent and it is therefore more difficult to distinguish between value-add- ing activities and waste. As an essential requirement for purposeful optimization, all existing types of waste in a process must be identified and quantified in terms of their negative impacts on the process productivity and the cus- tomer’s wishes. Hence, this article proposes an approach that increases the transparency and ensures objectivity by concentrating on the value stream, revealing weaknesses, detecting their causes, and evaluating the impact on the process according to the philosophy of Lean Management. The methodology is separated into three main steps: pro- cess modeling, analysis, and the evaluation of waste in indirect business areas. This results in an effect-orientated classification of potential waste in the process and yields a priority list of fields of action. The basis for the implementation of process optimization is thus developed.

Purpose – Recent operations management research suggests that adopting and implementing the right practices are essential to attaining “world-class” performance. The purpose of this paper is to report the leading operations management practices and the strategy deployment framework that emerged from a qualitative study that addressed the question of how managers implement strategy in an organisational excellence environment.
Design/methodology/approach – Group work with managers responsible for implementing strategic initiatives was followed by case studies of seven organisations via in-depth semi-structured interviews. A survey questionnaire strengthened the validity of the constructs of strategy deployment that were identified in the case analyses.
Findings – In total, seven strategy deployment constructs were identified and linkages between them are described. The 50 leading deployment practices indicate a mix of hard and soft management skills applied across the seven constructs.
Practical implications – The leading deployment practices have the potential to raise the performance of organisations by improving the implementation of strategic initiatives. The framework is relevant to the deployment of both corporate and business unit strategy such as manufacturing or operations, and should be of interest to managers in these areas.
Originality/value – Researchers have noted for more than a decade that no generally accepted framework of operations management practices has emerged for strategy implementation. Most strategy studies have focused on strategy formulation, content, or on project/programme management. There have been few multiple case studies of leading strategy deployment practices in diverse organisations from both private and public sectors.