Case

Abstract—This paper presents a control strategy for indus-trial robot manipulators which consists of the combination of a calibration-free, vision-based control method with an impedance control approach. The vision-based, robot control method known as camera-space manipulation ...

Introduction: Snakebite is prevalent in rural areas of Asia. Although the myth of direct sucking of snake venom may be life-threatening, it is commonly practiced in such areas. Case Series: Two cases of cobra venom exposure to oral cavity with development of ageusia ...

"This dissertation is about the elements that build verbs, the elements that introduce arguments, and how these elements interact to determine the interpretation of arguments and events. A theory of argument structure is a theory how arguments are introduced syntactically, interpreted semantically, and marked morphologically, and how this information is linked to predicates and their morphological shape. Through a detailed empirical study of Icelandic verbal alternations, this dissertation contributes to a line of research in which much of the work of argument structure is handled by the syntax, the component of language responsible for combining elements into larger structures, rather than a pre-syntactic lexicon.

The major theoretical contribution of this thesis is a syntactic theory of argument structure which is much more syntactically autonomous than its closest relatives. The system proposed shares with construction-based approaches to argument structure the assumption that structures generate meanings independent of the lexical roots embedded in them. That is, lexical roots play a secondary role in effecting argument structures. However, it differs from most syntactic approaches in that the syntax is far less deterministic of semantics, much as late insertion theories of morphology take syntax to underdetermine morphophonology.

In the present theory, syntactic structure may underdetermine interpretation in three ways. First, a functional head may be compatible with multiple ‘allosemes’, or denotations, which are decided post-syntactically on the basis of surrounding material. The categorial v head, for example, may have the interpretation of an activity or a cause (among other possible interpretations), depending on the interpretation of its complement. Second, a DP may be interpreted as an entity, or may be type-shifted to be interpreted as a (stative) eventuality. Third, a lexical root is associated with a web of possible semantic contributions, but the selection from among them is made on the basis of surrounding structure, after such structure has been built."

Carburization is a thermo-chemical treatment generally employed to enhance the surface (wear) properties of low carbon steels. The recent carburization studies also focus considerable positive impact on bulk properties like tensile strength and toughness. In view of these observations, the present study focuses on mechanical properties and microstructure of carburized steels. Accordingly, the commercially available three types of case hardenable steels like plain carbon (EN 3), alloy steels with only ferrite stabilizer (20MnCr5) and with both ferrite (Cr) and austenite (Ni) stabilizers (EN 353) were initially normalized to standardize the room temperature structure before carburizing and machined to ASTM standards to prepare the specimens. The machined specimens were gas carburized using carburizing furnace for 2.5 mm case depth and furnace cooled. Tensile and hardness tests were conducted before and after carburization. The plain carbon steel displayed slight reduction in tensile strength and the steels with alloying elements increased the tensile strength considerably. It was also found that Ni and Cr restrict the grain growth and increase the strength of steel even in furnace cooled condition. Microstructure analysis of carburized steels revealed markable impact on the type and distribution of room temperature phases. The carbon content in the case was nearly 0.8 wt. % after carburization and hardness increase in the surface ranges from 130 to 170% as that of its original hardness. The combined effect of Ni and Cr also improves hardenability.

In this paper it will be argued that the difference between existential and locative sentences is primarily structurally encoded at the vP/VP level (at the first phase of a derivation). The crucial question is which argument of the verb BE (the Location or the nominal argument ('Theme')) is projected as the "external argument", i.e., which argument is the subject of inner predication. In the case of existential sentences it is the Location argument which is the subject of inner predication, and in the case of locative sentences it is the nominal argument. The subject of inner predication becomes by default also the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence. Hence, in the case of locative sentences the nominal argument is the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence, and in the case of existential sentences it is the Location which becomes the topic. (Or, alternatively, the actual topic (the subject of outer predication) might be the situational/event variable, and the Location functions as a restriction on it.) However, the actual arrangement of constituents in the sentences under discussion, as in any other Polish sentence, is determined by the pragmatic/communicative principles. Given this, it is reasonable to think that the NOM/GEN case alternation in negated existential/locative sentences is primarily a matter of syntax, and not one of information structure or scope of negation. The analysis will be modeled in accordance with the phasal model of Chomsky (2000 et seq.).

Ossetic sets itself apart from the other New Iranian languages by having a relatively elaborate system of nine cases. Since most of them are relatively late innovations, and only four cases (Nom., Gen, Abl., and Iness.) can be traced back to Proto-Iranian, many scholars tend to ascribe the development of the case system to Caucasian influence. The exact nature of this influence, however, has never been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is, first, to not only reconstruct the etymologies of Ossetic cases, but also to provide a chronology of how the case system developed. The second aim pursued here is to give a systematic comparison of the case system of Ossetic with those of the neighbouring languages and to determine if there is any external influence on the case system and, if so, what languages this influence came from. I conclude that Ossetic developed from a case system identical to those of Khotanese and Sogdian towards the present state under the influence of contact with Georgian and, later, with Turkic and Vaynakh languages. In the process of the discussion, I also argue that two new cases, the Directive and Recessive, are undergoing grammaticalisation in contemporary Ossetic.

A growing number of organizations are implementing the ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library) „best practice ‟ framework in an attempt to improve their IT service management processes. However, not all ITIL implementations are successful and some companies have been disappointed with the outcomes. This exploratory research reports on four case studies of „successful ‟ implementations of IT service management using the process-based ITIL V2 framework. Two companies are located in the U.S. and two in Australia. The cases demonstrate a mix of implementation justifications and strategies. Critical success factors (CSFs) suggested in the literature are compared against those attributed to these successful ITIL implementations. Some CSFs, including executive management support, interdepartmental communication and collaboration, use of consultants, training and careful software selection are confirmed. Three new CSFs are identified: creating an ITIL-friendly culture, process as a priority, and c...

In this paper I discuss Polish data in view of Pesetsky and Torrego’s (2001, 2004, 2007) proposals. The data suggest that the issues are more complex than they appear in English, and
that extending the analysis to Polish would require modifications shedding light on the entire proposal. The Polish to-omission asymmetry, the missing that-t effect, distribution of CP arguments, as well as complementation possibilities of nouns and adjectives will be discussed in detail. It will be argued that φ-features must play a role in Agree relations with the Tns probes, contrary to the recent proposals made by the authors.

PT. PRIMA TUNGGAL MANDIRI is a company or family business that was founded in 2011 in Semarang. Engaged in the automotive industry, which is a tire distributor, wholesale and retail trade, then ventured into car and motorcycle repair shops. Tires are one of the commodity items which have triggered increasingly competitive business competition. In 2018 this company launches a new service, on the road service (OTR Service), which offers professional mechanical call services, affordable prices, and promotes convenience and comfort for consumers. But even though it has been running for almost two years since it was launched, the development of the number of customers has not been as expected and has not had a big impact on the company. This makes the company feel the need to evaluate its marketing strategy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marketing strategy of the OTR Service service, define problems and challenges, then formulate a marketing strategy to optimize OTR Servic...

Dinamika poslovnog svijeta i ostalih aspekata društva zahtijeva brz razvoj novih aplikacijskih rješenja za potporu poslovanju. Razvoj aplikacija se mora svesti na svoj vremenski minimum a mogućnosti krivih načina oblikovanja i razvoja programske podrške se moraju eliminirati jer dovode do nepotrebnog trošenja vremena i odgađanja isporuke samog proizvoda. Uzorci dizajna predstavljaju jedan korak u rješavanju navedene situacije i postaju danas sve popularniji. Uzorci dizajna predstavljaju prepoznata rješenja za ponavljajuće probleme u području dizajna aplikacijske podrške na način da osiguravaju poznat i prokušan način rješavanja pojedinog problema. Mogu se grupirati i klasificirati prema namjeni i načinu primjene. U ovom radu bit će dan pregled svih grupa i vrsta uzoraka dizajna zajedno s mogućnostima njihovog korištenja te problemima koji se mogu pojaviti.

PT. PRIMA TUNGGAL MANDIRI is a company or family business that was founded in 2011 in Semarang. Engaged in the automotive industry, which is a tire distributor, wholesale and retail trade, then ventured into car and motorcycle repair shops. Tires are one of the commodity items which have triggered increasingly competitive business competition. In 2018 this company launches a new service, on the road service (OTR Service), which offers professional mechanical call services, affordable prices, and promotes convenience and comfort for consumers. But even though it has been running for almost two years since it was launched, the development of the number of customers has not been as expected and has not had a big impact on the company. This makes the company feel the need to evaluate its marketing strategy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marketing strategy of the OTR Service service, define problems and challenges, then formulate a marketing strategy to optimize OTR Service service opportunities. The results showed the marketing strategy undertaken by PTM was inefficient and ineffective due to the lack of resource capabilities and competencies, and the absence of a matrix or measurement in each of its marketing activities.

In Polish there is one type of construction that bears a strong resemblance to the constructions found in split-ergative languages like Hindi or Georgian. In the latter languages a special case marking, i.e., the ergative marking is triggered by a particular tense or aspect. Similarly in Polish, depending on the aspectual properties of the verb być 'to be', the " subject-NP " in " X was not at Y " constructions is marked either for NOM or GEN. Two major questions discussed in the paper are: (i) the origin of the GEN marking of the " subject-NP " , and (ii) the correlation between the NOM marking of the " subject-NP " and the habitual aspect in the constructions in question. These are puzzling questions since the GEN marking in " X was not at Y " constructions cannot be subsumed under the general rule of GEN of Negation in Polish. Nor can the properties of these constructions be made follow from some general properties of BE-constructions in Polish. To solve these problems, an unusal claim is made, namely, that Polish in some sense behaves like an ergative language. The main aim of the paper is to check to what extent this claim might turn out to be true.

Definiteness has often been assumed to play a role in syntax, most notably in relation to various "definiteness effects" and Case alternations (Belletti 1988, De Hoop 1992 and many others). The question whether this involves a semantic property which is relevant in syntax, or an independent syntactic representation of definiteness, remains to a large extent unanswered. This paper shows that, on the one hand, Hebrew provides independent evidence for assuming a definiteness feature in syntax; and on the other hand, this formal definiteness does not simply correlate with semantic definiteness and that there is no simple one-to-one mapping between the two kinds of definiteness. The second part of this paper focuses on the Hebrew object marker et, which appears only in front of DPs having the syntactic definiteness feature. I argue that et fulfills a requirement for structural Case which Hebrew verbs cannot assign, and that this requirement is related to the representation of definiteness as a formal feature and not to any semantic property. In this light I consider Belletti's (1988) theory of abstract Partitive, and show that Hebrew object marking seems to provide evidence against it.

This book offers a comprehensive account of dative structures across languages –with an important, though not exclusive, focus on the Romance family. As is well-known, datives play a central role in a variety of structures, ranging from ditransitive constructions to cliticization of indirect objects and differentially marked direct objects, and including also psychological predicates, possessor or causative constructions, among many others. As interest in all these topics has increased significantly over the past three decades, this volume provides an overdue update on the state of the art. Accordingly, the chapters in this volume account for both widely discussed patterns of dative constructions as well as those that are relatively unknown.

The presence in Puerto Rico of U.S. drugstore chains like Walgreens and CVS, as well as megastores like Walmart, Costco, and Kmart led to the closure of around 30 percent of locally owned community-based pharmacies between 2005 and 2011. To address competition from U.S. chains, owner-pharmacists pursued collective action, including organizing buying groups and, in 2009, the Alliance of Community-Based Pharmacy Owners. One of the two purposes of the Alliance was to educate consumers on how "patriotic" and beneficial it was for them to buy at community-based pharmacies instead of U.S. chains. The other was to help Alliance members (pharmacists) improve the skills needed to manage their businesses and confront outsiders. By December 2011, however, the Alliance was barely surviving due to the lack of sufficient members. A new strategic roadmap for the Alliance was needed if it was to become the organization its founders planned.

The present study is a reflection on the method of case study in learning law. To achieve this purpose, we will discuss the traditional method and its limitations to the challenges of law in the era of globalisation. We will emphasise the urgent need to implement the case study method in Portuguese law schools as an instrument that enhances the active participation of the student, protagonist in the process of learning and knowledge acquisition. This study is justified today, especially the challenges triggered by the Bologna process, including the implication in the teaching, learning and assessment. The teacher is assumed as a supervisor of the learning process, calling for the autonomy of the student. It is intended that students develop critical thinking and be able to reflect on their own learning process. Therefore, the need to revise the traditional methodology here was rooted in the teaching of law.