Case Study Method

Entrepreneurial marketing (EM) in SMEs is greatly different than the traditional marketing in large organizations. The higher education institutions generally instruct traditional marketing through orthodox and conventional teaching pedagogies. In consequence, the literature highlights the graduate entrepreneurs struggling in EM during the start-up phases of their small and medium sized entrepreneurial ventures, which is also causing many of them to fail and unable to contribute to the economy. To address this contemporary problem, the current study has used multiple case studies and triangulated its findings with a focus group discussion. The study has explored the EM challenges during the start-up phase faced by the graduate entrepreneurs who have exposure to both, higher education and practical EM experiences. After the rigorous analysis, four contemporary EM challenges due to the pedagogical gaps in entrepreneurship education are discovered. To overcome these challenges, a practical model of EM pedagogy has been developed that is grounded in, the recent entrepreneurship education literature; and the recommendations from the graduate entrepreneurs as well. The EM pedagogy model is practically implementable at business schools worldwide to produce high quality graduate entrepreneurs in the future, which are well-skilled to overcome EM challenges and survive.

Paper presented at a regional conference covering course design, discussion and participant-centered learning, setting performance objectives, material sequencing, class preparation, good class ingredients, questioning/listening/responding, and the non-question process.

Main goal of this paper is to present the methodology for product development and design. A bicycle stand product is chosen as a case study. Presented methodology is a process with several steps which include definition of problem, generating several concept designs, analysis of generated designs, choosing the best concept design, development of virtual prototype and development of real prototype. Presented methodology can be used for development and design of any product. Process of development of virtual and real prototype is presented in more detail. Virtual prototype is developed using advanced computer aided design technologies. Real prototype is developed and manufactured using advanced additive manufacturing technology.

The global world of work is full of various and complex quality requirements academic students have to face after graduation. It is the task of Higher Education Institutions to prepare their students for these requirements and to produce a future workforce that is able to further educate itself whenever necessary. University programs should be designed more flexible to allow an individual course of study and show a higher practical orientation. E-learning can contribute to this demand. The joint master program "Managing International Enterprises" of the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena in Germany and the Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University in Georgia is an example in which teaching according to the case method was accomplished with the help of a blended learning approach.

Recent trends in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) embrace several smartphone applications in a variety of educational and industrial domains in the last several years. This research focuses to solve one of the promising problems of an educational domain to take attendance smartly using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. Current attendance system in King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) Saudi Arabia is partly solving the attendance problem. There are several problems in the existing attendance systems such as time-consuming, the chance of mistakes, truancy issues, no contact with parent/guardian and not efficient because of roll call as taking manual attendance. The proposed RFID based attendance system will provide robust, secure and automatic attendance. The proposed system will use modern technology and support to institutions and parents to deal with most of the problems of existing attendance systems. There are several other benefits of RFID based system such as web-based and mobile interfaces, daily absent report, an automatic SMS alert to parent/guardian, reduce administrative work, improve the ratio of attendance, economical and highly efficient. The case study method will be used as a research design. The proposed system is developed and tested in KAU Saudi Arabia. The proposed system will have both web and mobile interfaces. The web interface will need the Internet to access the proposed system and the mobile interface will use the Android platform for the testing scenarios. The user will access the system to generate customized reports to review the status of students for a particular course. It is anticipated that the proposed system will significantly improve students' monitoring mechanisms hence enabling both parents and teachers in making appropriate decisions.

Engineers are the second largest group of professionals in Australia, and constitute a significant proportion of the managerial pool in Australian infrastructure and manufacturing sectors. In spite of the centrality of engineers and management in industrial organisations and modern ...

Management Education is dynamic in nature and need diverse information to handle different management problems. Management student's should undergo in depth training to learn the management concepts. To understand the peculiar situations and to handle them effectively, case studies are widely used. The case study method helps the students in developing wisdom and gives lot of scope for application of knowledge. The purpose of the case method is to bring into the classroom "a chunk of reality, "which is complex and multi faced, it follows that teaching cases should present, as a whole, a balanced view of the many dimensions of the organizational life.

Case studies are extensively used in the business schools around the world to provide intellectual gearing, linking theory and practical, contributing to a wider debate as well as offering a holistic knowledge of a particular subject. The case method of teaching is recognized as a powerful technique for delivering management lessons and obtaining hands on experience of organizations and business issues. This study examines and analyzes student " s perception about case method of teaching referring to a survey conducted among the MBA students of KIIT University and Jadavpur University. This study also compares and analyzes the effectiveness of case study method of teaching on the same group of students. This study reveals that case discussion enhances student " s subject understanding and their problem solving ability. The study reveals that the management students like the case method of teaching as a pedagogical tool. The study argues that case discussions spark a sense of creativity among the budding management practitioners. The principal methodology used for data collection was a survey through a well designed and self explanatory questionnaire. For this study stratified random sampling technique was used. Both primary and secondary sources were explored for the collection of required data. Cross tabulation and Chi-square test was conducted to analyze the data using SPSS software version 16.0.

The impetus for this thesis has grown from the challenges facing day-to-day design studio education and the recognition that the formal/informal division of educational space impacts upon student learning and engagement in higher education today. As a consequence of the changing conditions imposed by economics, politics, and technology, specialist design studio facilities are being reconfigured into studio-based classroom learning spaces (often generically termed as ‘studio’). It is, I believe, worth assessing how these recontextualised learning spaces impact upon students’ senses.

This investigation did not set out to prove or test a pre-determined hypothesis from the onset of the study. Instead, the purpose of this research study was to systematically examine the relationship between sensory affect and learning in the changing landscape of contemporary Communication Design education. However, as the study progressed, sensory affect moved from being the central emphasis of the study to being the conduit through which to investigate aspects of learning experience within the two case studies in different shared domains. To understand the component parts of studio learning, sensory affect was effectively employed via the range of practice-led methods.

The data was gathered via the systematic examination of two case studies: an art school in the UK and a college of art contained within a parent university in Australia. Real-life formal and informal learning spaces provided the naturalistic settings in which to conduct the research with two groups of Communication Design students. The participants worked within studio and studio-based classroom environments using an inductive Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving Participatory Design (PD) tools and techniques. Participants responded to their everyday learning experiences through detailed and reflective narrative accounts via a series of participatory group workshops and individual visual, sensory and sound ethnographic research methods.

Overall, the findings showed that the participants could either be disturbed or supported by sensory affect in their experiences of learning spaces. The Case Study 1 participants in the UK responded that their friendly, informal, day-to-day social interactions with peers and staff in their situated studio community, are integral to their collective and individual learning and practice. The Case Study 2 participants created their own offline and online community outside of the boundaries of their studio-based classroom learning spaces, mainly in cafes, at home and via social media. The findings evidenced the importance of multi-sensory research methods in drawing out relationships between place, lived experience, and community.

This research investigation travels a substantial distance towards a form of reconciliation and understanding of contemporary Communication Design learning spaces to support student engagement. As articulated throughout this thesis, this is largely a methodological investigation, which employs sensory affect as a lens to investigate the relationship between learning and practice, community, institutional management, the role of the studio, the pedagogical approach and lastly, meaning making of sensory affect. The suggestion is that when employing the proposed transferable framework – the Methods Process Model (MPM) (or elements thereof) – then the student’s individual and collective relationship with learning is supported in relation to each of these areas. This is especially pertinent as technological concerns cross-cut and impact upon studio education today. The factors that might disrupt studio learning need to be brought forward into a students’ consciousness using this framework, guided by educators, researchers and institutions. Being mindful of these issues might mean that students and educators can implement strategies to work better within the studio. Therefore, the main contribution to knowledge of this thesis, and grounded in the findings, is the support of students as they explore and engage with contemporary Communication Design studio learning, and how they reflectively examine the range of behaviours and reactions that can be drawn out from their lived experiences, through embodied thinking.

Keywords: Communication Design, sensory affect, studio education, learning spaces, case study, Participatory Action Research (PAR), Participatory Design (PD), narrative inquiry, ethnography, phenomenography.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to report on how collaboration in a service network of a major Telco, involving a key partner and its affiliate network, enables dynamic capability building for achieving services innovation. These capabilities are subsequently analysed for emerging trends and patterns of relationships, and later grouped into different constructs based on existing literature, to present a Dynamic Capability building-framework through partnering. Design/methodology/approach -The method for this paper is a case study of a large Telco, including its distribution channels and franchised retail centres; and a key trading partner, TPartner, and its affiliated network. Interviews were conducted, transcribed, coded, and similarities in views by different participants were incorporated into emergent themes and patterns for analysis. Findings -The paper finds that collaboration, collaborative organisational learning, collaborative innovative capacity, entrepreneurial alertness, and collaborative agility are all core dynamic capabilities that foster innovation in services. Second, collaboration enables firms to redefine their strategic and operational capabilities. Third, partnering allows managers to rethink, rearrange and reposition their sourcing strategies to better meet customer demand. Lastly, through partnering with customers and their ensuing engagement, managers are equipped with superior ability to anticipate discontinuity in customer preferences across channels, and through customer knowledge managers are able to meet future demand expediently. Originality/value -This study advances our understanding of how organisations can build competence based on dynamic capabilities through collaboration in order to foster service innovation.

Cities are the height of human achievement. Cities are fraught with ambivalence. We adore city life, it stimulates, entertains and excites. Conversely, urban experiences are scary, disorientating and may be physically and mentally deleterious. Cities are crucibles of democracy, yet remain cauldrons of inequality and injustice. Cities are open and tolerant, but perversely elitist and exclusionary. City streets provide unexpected encounters which can enrich our lives, or disturb deeply. Ambivalence regarding the nascent modern industrial city was captured quintessentially in the visceral eloquence of Alexis de Tocqueville's disturbingly ambivalent assertion, that 1840s Manchester was a vile, filthy cesspit from which flows pure gold, thereby allowing the attainment of civilisation while converting men of all ranks into desperate savages. Above all, it is in the public spaces of cities –  street, squares, piazzas, plazas and parks - that some of the best and the worst characteristics of urban life and society are created, observed and reproduced. These sites are the geographical focus of this book and are interrogated drawing on the spatial triad ideas promulgated by the French, Marxist, sociologist-philosopher Henri Lefebvre. Looking at history in a new light in this book means exploring the histories of shifting representations of space and ascertaining the implications for the production of space and what Lefebvre called differential spaceI seek in this book to explore the production of space and in so doing stimulate a rethinking of Lefebvre’s spatial theories and the essence of urban public space. From this overarching aim flow two research objectives: 1) to tease out the implications of the production of space for post-industrial city transformation, 2) to unravel the role of differential space in such transformation. Empirically the research is grounded in three iconic post-industrial cities: Vancouver, Lowell Massachusetts and Manchester England. Although strongly rooted theoretically, the book locates the conceptual ideas in the practice of urban policy making, urban planning and the politicised everyday use of public space, especially differential space – a surprisingly neglected concept in urban studies. The timescale is from the 1960s to 2010s.

There is a need to examine the effect of using discussion cases to enrich students’ learning outcomes. A research framework was created to study this multidimensional relationship, via the instruments of interactivity, students’ time devotion and students’ engagement in order to find which factors could improve learning outcomes, including positive group interaction and individual learning performance. The findings from three cohorts of undergraduate students of the same course indicated that interactivity with peers and with the lecturers during the case discussion in classes improved emotional engagement, which in turn positively influenced positive group interaction and individual learning performance. The study also found that students’ emotional engagement was a significant factor in enriching outcomes. Although there was a lack of direct impact of interactivity on learning outcomes, there were many reasons attributed to it. The time that students devoted to the task, as a result of interactivity with the lecturer, was a significant predictor of emotional academic engagement, but it did not predict desirable learning outcomes.

The article is devoted to the analyzing the main methodological principle, which focuses on the technological support of the educational process regarding teaching foreign languages for specific purposes. The law lies in the fact that the methods used in teaching foreign languages should be considered from their most significant effect to achieve educational goals. The research work aims at analyzing the technological support of the process of teaching foreign languages for specific purposes. We consider this support as an essential component of professional training. While working on the paper, we used the following methods of pedagogical research: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature on the research problem; theoretical forecasting methods; a sociological survey (questionnaire, interviews) of students and teachers; testing; mathematical processing of the results of questionnaires and interviews. We developed and used several cases for students of different specialties in our teaching practice. Our development of cases and our teaching experience in the research field proved the effect of the use of the case-study method and its main advantages. We highlight the main question for further developments in the research field as the problems for developing and solving for the effective implementation of this method in teaching practices.

En el contexto general de adaptación de las titulaciones universitarias al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), los ineludibles cambios estructurales han venido acompañados de un creciente interés por el em-pleo de metodologías activas de enseñanza, más adecuadas al nuevo paradigma del aprendizaje como desarrollo de competencias. Estas metodologías activas, muchas y diversas, comparten, por lo general, algunos aspectos que las caracterizan : son procesos de aprendizaje centrados y dirigidos por el estudiante, en interacción continua con el profesor y entre el resto de estudiantes; se tienen en cuenta los conocimientos previos del

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of real, localized case studies on students’ learning engagement, the learning process and learning experience and the role of such case studies in influencing students’ learning outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 400 undergraduate students through an online questionnaire immediately after discussion of the case in Business Information Systems classes. Student learning from the case study was measured by two components consisting of case knowledge and case perceptions. The student course engagement questionnaire was used to examine engagement in skills, emotions, participation and performance while the study process questionnaire was administered to assess students’ learning approaches. Additionally, the seven predominant roles of the feedback were used to analyse students’ learning experience. Finally, students’ learning outcomes were assessed both in group performance and individual performance. Structure equation modelling was applied to test the causal model.

Findings – The results revealed that the case study had a positive influence on students’ engagement in skills and emotions. Moreover, case perceptions led students to surface approach in their learning. Furthermore, case knowledge had a positive impact on the learning experience.

Research limitations/implications – The study suggests that localized case studies should be designed cautiously. Furthermore the method of instruction regarding the method must be clearly explained for undergraduate students. Future research should consider a way of evaluating academic achievement as a result of using localized cases.

Originality/value – The findings reported in the paper contributed to an area of educational research by emphasizing on the mediating role of learning engagement, the learning process and the learning experience.

Article History Abstract Purpose-Numerous studies have explored entrepreneurial marketing (EM) activities in the firms that are established for a few years, but the research exploring the EM activities and challenges, particularly during the start-up phase, is scant. To cover this wide gap, the current study explores in-depth the EM activities and EM challenges faced during the start-up phase by a graduate entrepreneur who has exposure to both marketing and entrepreneurship education and practical EM experiences. Design/Methodology-In-depth case study approach has been adopted to study an SME owned and managed successfully by a graduate entrepreneur. Findings-After rigorous data analysis, in addition to the currently known seven EM dimensions, this study has discovered a new EM dimension, i.e., 'legitimation'. Moreover, the key EM challenges in emerging economies are also identified. Practical Implications-The results have guided future entrepreneurs regarding their investment decisions, and to the entrepreneurship education policymakers regarding pedagogical up-gradation.

Management Education is dynamic in nature and need diverse information to handle different management problems. Management student’s should undergo in depth training to learn the management concepts. To understand the peculiar situations and to handle them effectively, case studies are widely used. The case study method helps the students in developing wisdom and gives lot of scope for application of knowledge. The purpose of the case method is to bring into the classroom “a chunk of reality, ”which is complex and multi faced, it follows that teaching cases should present, as a whole, a balanced view of the many dimensions of the organizational life.

Los estudios de caso theory-driven destacan por su capacidad para integrar teoría y datos, fortaleciendo el rigor y la profundidad en investigaciones cualitativas. Este enfoque metodológico permite conectar el nivel empírico con el papel de la teoría, ofreciendo un marco sólido para el análisis.

En este artículo, se exploran estrategias avanzadas mediante el uso de un diseño mixto secuencial (QUAN-qual), integrando instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos para ejemplificar análisis de datos cualitativos. A partir de investigaciones centradas en contextos educativos y sociales, se demuestra cómo este enfoque puede abordar problemas complejos y generar nuevas perspectivas.

En este artículo encontrarás:

- Una guía clara para conectar teoría y datos en el análisis cualitativo.
- Ejemplos prácticos que ilustran la aplicación de estrategias theory-driven en estudios educativos y sociales.
- Reflexiones sobre el potencial del diseño mixto para enriquecer el análisis cualitativo.

El objetivo principal de este artículo está orientado hacia al desarrollo de los procedimientos y elementos necesarios para la utilización adecuada del método de estudio de caso como herramienta metodológica de la investigación científica en cualquier área del conocimiento. Específicamente, se pretende demostrar tanto las características claves como el valor, el beneficio y la utilidad práctica del mismo, y la forma como éste ha logrado superar el debate generado alrededor del mismo, referente al no cumplimiento de los requisitos de fiabilidad y validez científica asociados a los métodos cuantitativos.

O presente artigo objetiva identificar qual é a tese jurisprudencial
predominante no Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ) no que concerne ao
prazo prescricional nas ações que visam à reparação de danos ambientais, em razão da ausência de previsão legal e da divergência de posicionamento entre os doutrinadores sobre o tema. Utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e com método de procedimento, o Método do Caso norte-americano. Atualmente, a tese predominante no STJ é da imprescritibilidade das ações civis públicas ambientais, em razão da natureza do bem jurídico tutelado, desde que o pedido da Ação Civil Pública esteja ligado ao caráter difuso do meio ambiente. Quanto aos danos ambientais reflexos, o prazo prescricional é de cinco anos, a contar da ciência inequívoca do dano.

Aim: Our aim is to offer and illustrates a novel meta-methodology to enhance the rigour of method selection and understanding of results in pluralist qualitative research (PQR).
Method: To do so, we make innovative use of Braun and Clarke’s (2006) articulation of four discrete dimensions characterising different forms of thematic analysis. We provide secondary analyses of an interview from the Social Media, Men who have Sex with Men and Sexual Health project using critical discursive psychology, dialogical analysis, interpretative phenomenological analysis, and psychosocial narrative analysis.
Results: All four methods identified aspects of three central foci: Compartmentalisation, Detachment, and Jouissance.
Conclusion: We discuss how our proposed meta-methodology provides a rationale for the selection of methods in a PQR, offer evidence that it can anticipate the relative similarity in focus of the methods employed, and argue that our meta-methodology reveals the possibility of identifying an ‘axial’ or ‘hub’ method’ of a PQR which might be particularly fruitful in exploring commonalities and differences in results. Finally, we examine the synergies and challenges of combining pairs of the methods we used.

As we continue into the new millennium, it is imperative that educational institutions equip graduates with the knowledge and skills that are increasingly needed and valued by business and industry. In this article, the authors argue that the case study approach and, specifically, case study competitions constitute an ideal pedagogical strategy for achieving this objective in an effective and efficient manner, with resulting benefits for both students and employers.

"Reinventing Corporate Strategy--A Case Study of Malaysia Airlines"(With Kamal K. Jain), in “International Management Development Research Yearbook: Technology, Structure, Environment, and Strategy Interfaces in a Changing Global Business Arena”, edited by Erdener Kaynak, Pennsylvania State University at Harrisburg and Talha D. Haracar, Pennsylvania State University at Beaver, Volume XV, 2006, pp. 548-554, IMDA, Pennsylvania, USA, ISBN 1-888624-05-1. ”,  Academic Presentation,  Fifteenth World Business Congress, International Management Development Association , Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 18 – 21, 2006.

Learner Background (x 2)

The author has chosen the following two students whom are participating on the ‘Understanding Children’s Social and Emotional Development’ L2 course at Bridlington ERC. The reasoning behind the choice of students is that M. R. has a great deal of unknown factors in her profile which, not only allows for further investigation (VARK Analysis – conducted by G. Steels; 24/02/2014) in to accrediting any/all prior learning, but also permits the author to access and discuss an assemblage of methodologies and contingency strategies that will aim to circumvent any barriers that M. R. could face during her learning journey. Whereas, the second student, was chosen as she is not only performing at a distinction level, but also has many barriers to learning i.e. Dyslexia; Dyspraxia; is disabled (Prosthetic leg – left) and is an occasional wheelchair user.

El presente trabajo examina algunas consideraciones del denominado "método de casos" y sus características más importantes. Asimismo, evalúa la conveniencia de su aplicación a partir de las ventajas o desventajas. Posteriormente, nos referiremos a su utilización en la enseñanza del derecho internacional para, finalmente, concluir sobre la ventaja que presenta su empleo en esta especialidad.

El objetivo principal de este artículo está orientado hacia al desarrollo de los procedimientos y elementos necesarios para la utilización adecuada del método de estudio de caso como herramienta metodológica de la investigación científica en cualquier área del conocimiento. Específicamente, se pretende demostrar tanto las características claves como el valor, el beneficio y la utilidad práctica del mismo, y la forma como éste ha logrado superar el debate generado alrededor del mismo, referente al no cumplimiento de los requisitos de fiabilidad y validez científica asociados a los métodos cuantitativos.

Recently we have witnessed the worldwide adoption of many different types of innovative technologies, such as crowdsourcing, ridesharing, open and big data, aiming at delivering public services more efficiently and effectively. Among them, ridesharing has received substantial attention from decision-makers around the world. Because of the multitude of currently understood or potentially unknown risks associated with ridesharing (unemployment, insurance, information privacy, and environmental risk), governments in different countries apply different strategies to address such risks. Some governments prohibit the adoption of ridesharing altogether, while other governments promote it. In this article, we address the question of how risks involved in ridesharing are governed over time. We present an in-depth single case study on Singapore and examine how the Singaporean government has addressed risks in ridesharing over time. The Singaporean government has a strong ambition to become an innovation hub, and many innovative technologies have been adopted and promoted to that end. At the same time, decision-makers in Singapore are reputed for their proactive style of social governance. The example of Singapore can be regarded as a revelatory case study, helping us further to explore governance practices in other countries.

“Takaful Malaysia: Strategic Issues & Challenges in Managing Change (A Case Study of Islamic Insurance System in Malaysia)”, Journal of Insurance & Risk Management, June 2006, Vol. IV, Issue 08, pp. 111 – 123, ISSN 0972 – 7620. (With Kasmah Tajuddin)

All Higher Secondary Economics students of Govt. S.S.S. Jahangirpur village Jhajjar, Haryana were from humanities stream. They were least interested in economics but they had to choose the subject as there was no option before them. They, therefore, presented an interesting pedagogical challenge-motivation to learn theory, and the researcher found that the case method is an excellent way to satisfy their desire to "understand the real world", while at the same time enhancing their ability to critically think. Case method motivated them to engage with the material even when it was quite challenging. The researcher observed that most of the students were active learners rather than passive recipients of knowledge and information. The students learned critically and inquiry and scientific temper developed. In this paper, the researcher first describes one pedagogical challenge -motivation to learn theory that arose during teaching of Indian Economic Development -and explains in general why a traditional lecture method may not address this challenge. The researcher also tried to ascertain how the case method can be used to meet this pedagogical challenge drawing cases from NCERT textbooks of class XI 'Indian Economic Development', class X 'Understanding Economics' and daily newspaper cuttings. Finally, the results and findings of the researcher's endeavor are presented in this paper.

1. Introdução; 2. Negócios em Harvard University; 3. Langdell e a Harvard Law School; 4. Casos e discussóes: de Roma à teologia renascentista, com retorno a Sócrates. a) A atenção aos casos como centro do espírito do Direito romano. b) A análise de casos no ensino do Direito na Europa renascentista e na América indiana. c) O casuísmo na Teologia moral á) A dialética grega e o método socrático. e) O método do debate, alicerce do ensino medieval; 5. O Direito continental e o ensino com casos: de Ihering ao terceiro milênio; 6. As parábolas, o ensino da Medicina e o sistema de "aprendiz"; 7. Cinco conclusões sobre a história do caso e a sua relação com o Direito; 8. Notas; 9. Referências Bibliográficas.

Process optimisation is a major decision problem when drawing a balance between work distribution of workers during processing and maintaining requirement (Output) as per demand of customer. Toyota Production System (TPS) techniques are useful tool to optimise the process parameters in process type of industry. The validation of optimum process result from TPS techniques is done with the help of simulation modelling using ARENA as simulation software. Simulation methods of analysis, supported by increasingly powerful and user-friendly software tools, are gaining greater acceptance as an indispensible aid to business managers, engineers and analyst seeking productivity improvement. Within this paper TPS techniques are used to optimisation of Engine Crankshaft machining line (fully automated) where single operator operates multiple machines to load and unload the work-piece to and from the machines. Simulation methodology has been conducted to verify and validate the existing situation as well as proposed results i.e. for predicting line output. For simulation of line, ARENA simulation software is used.

"Abstract. In addressing various policy problems, deciding which policy measure to start with given the range of measures available is challenging and essentially involves a process of ranking the alternatives, commonly done using multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. In this paper a new methodology for analysis and ranking of policy measures is introduced which combines network analysis and MCDA tools. This methodology not only considers the internal properties of the measures but also their interactions with other potential measures. Consideration of such interactions provides additional insights into the process of policy formulation and can help domain experts and policy makers to better assess the policy measures and to understand the complexities involved. This new methodology is applied in this paper to the formulation of a policy to increase walking and cycling.

Keywords: policy formulation, network analysis, multiple-criteria decision analysis, transport policy, walking and cycling"

This paper addresses the session theme of
how building case studies can be “successfully
integrated into the curriculum of professional
architectural education” in the specific context
of comprehensive design. The basic argument
is that analytical methods of building case
studies are a necessary educational
complement to the synthetic approach of
design studio. The term “reverse architecting”
is coined here to suggest the same mode of
thought associated with “reverse
engineering,” i.e., working backwards through
the original development cycle by starting
from an exemplary end product and
reinventing the process of discovery.

El objetivo principal de este artículo está orientado hacia al desarrollo de los procedimientos y elementos necesarios para la utilización adecuada del método de estudio de caso como herramienta metodológica de la investigación científica en cualquier área del conocimiento. Específicamente, se pretende demostrar tanto las características claves como el valor, el beneficio y la utilidad práctica del mismo, y la forma como éste ha logrado superar el debate generado alrededor del mismo, referente al no cumplimiento de los requisitos de fiabilidad y validez científica asociados a los métodos cuantitativos.