Electric Vehicles

The limited lifetime, high cost, and large size of current lithium ion batteries are some of the primary obstacles to wider adoption of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Simulations presented in this paper predict that Li-ion battery life can be extended through intelligent charging, especially when predictions of next-day energy needs are used to charge the battery only as needed.

Bu çalışmanın amacı şehir içi kullanıma yönelik tamamen elektrikli bir taşıtın modellenmesi, oluşturulan modelin enerji tüketim değerlerinin incelenmesi ve taşıt parametrelerinin değiştirilmesi sonucunda etkilenen değerlerin incelenmesidir. 1884 yılında Thomas Parker tarafından üretilen ilk elektrikli taşıttan itibaren pek çok elektrikli taşıt modeli piyasaya sürülmüştür. Ancak günümüze kadar içten yanmalı motora sahip taşıtların önüne geçememişlerdir. Batarya ve güç teknolojilerinin gelişmesiyle birlikte elektrikli taşıtların hayatımızda daha çok yer alacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda tamamen elektrikli bir taşıtın dinamik modeli MATLAB/Simulink programında oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan model NEDC çevrimine göre 15,87 kWh/100 km enerji tüketim değerine ve 177 km toplam menzile sahiptir. Ayrıca rejeneratif frenleme sayesinde 100 km’de %8’lik bir enerji geri kazanımı sağlanmıştır.

Gazi Üniversitesi
Otomotiv Mühendisliği Bölümü
Lisans Tezi

Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating energy and is considered one of the best ways to reduce environmental impact. Solar, winds, tidal and geothermal are the choices for renewable energy options. For countries like European Union nations and some tropical countries like India, there have always been plenty of wind and solar resources available at a feasible price. Concentrated investments have been devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of the wind industry. Nevertheless, there is always concern about the wind turbines wide and bulky horizontal axis, but recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines, have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. With this noted flexibility, as they have the advantage of being able to generate the energy from wind flow in both directions, a lot of research is underway on their applicatio...

Electric vehicles have great potential to reduce gasoline imports, and thus preventing the outflow of currency from the country, reduce dependency on foreign countries, increase energy security, and most importantly reduce environmental pollution in large and polluted cities, which is a serious threat to the health of their residents. In this regard, Iran is moving toward greater use of this type of cars. But the main problem is its expensive energy storage system that if properly designed, can prevent the extra costs. This article assumes that gas stations in suburban roads due to infrastructures, be considered as charging stations. Due to the distances between gas stations, the criterion to determine the amount of energy required to reach the destination can be derived in KWh. The amount of power required will be approved based on the drive cycles, including Tehran TEH_CYC driving cycle and PNGV tests. All this simulations will be done in the toolbox ADVISOR in MATLAB and eventually the battery will be offered for each province.

The main challenging issues of vehicles with electric propulsion are on the limited energy source due to relatively low battery capacity and low excitation of power traction. They can be tackled down by designing lightweight structures for frameworks and bodies of the vehicles. Composite materials which have a high strength to weight ratio are the best choice for designing and manufacturing the lightweight structures. A review of recent progress in utilization of the composite materials for electric vehicle structures is presented. It focuses on how the structures can support the electric vehicles to compete with internal combustion engine vehicles regarding their performance on the road. The utilization of composite material for structures of railway vehicles is also summarized. Furthermore, discussions are extended to the key technologies required for applying the composite materials in Indonesia such as composite–metal joint technology, fiber and matrix production technology, and...

This paper presents the selection process of the best suited topology for a bidirectional charger, intended to be economically implemented for a small electric vehicle with a 16 kWh battery package. The first stage is a State-of-the-Art revision, whose results are a reduced number of topologies pre-selected. Second stage is the evaluation through Multisim-NI Simulation of the pre-selected topologies; looking for the better relation: number of semiconductor devices, stresses to which semiconductor devices are subjected, number of control signals needed with its associated measurement devices, passive elements size and total losses.

Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of wind energy. However, there is always been concern about wide and bulky horizontal axes of wind turbines. Recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. As the energy generates from wind flow in both directions, we used this concept to model a novel hybrid wind turbine to demonstrate energy harvesting viability in a controlled way entirely from the moving vehicles on highways, with a three-bladed wind turbine and a solar tracking system. The hybrid wind turbine provided more energy and better efficiency in comparison to traditional wind turbines on the highways.

Electro-mobility (EV) is an emerging transportation method, whose charging infrastructure development concerns a key-factor for its growth. EV charging infrastructure has not grown yet in Greece, regardless of the ambitious national targets that have been grounded for 2030 towards a climate-neutral mobility. This study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for EV charging infrastructure deployment and operation, which respects both the economic and the technical aspects for public charging stations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was followed for the MCDM framework’s definition, which used criteria that were in the corresponding literature and performed with interviews by experts from the EV growing market in Greece. The results show that the installation and operation of public EV charging stations, located in private spaces to ensure their protection against vandalism, within the urban areas is the preferred deployment approach. Moreover, this article ...

Pojazdy elektryczne są elementem składającym się na inteligentną sieć elektroenergetyczną (Smart Grid), bowiem poza funkcją transportową mogą dostarczać usług energetycznych w zakresie bilansowania mocy. W tym celu można odpowiednio wykorzystywać sterowalne układy ładowania takich pojazdów. Oczywistym wydają się zastosowania w bilansowaniu energii elektrycznej o charakterze czynnym. Tymczasem, w światowej literaturze pojawiły się pierwsze opracowania, pokazujące możliwości wykorzystywania pojazdów elektrycznych do dostarczania mocy biernej, zgodnie z potrzebami systemu dystrybucyjnego. Artykuł przybliża tą problematykę, przedstawiając przegląd stanu wiedzy technicznej oraz zagranicznej literatury związanej z tą nowatorską problematyką.

In the paper a novel concept of modular multi-speed transmissions is proposed. Its architecture, simulation and control strategies are discussed in detail. The transmission consists of underdrive and overdrive gear trains combined into a single unit. Due to the simplicity and modularity of the transmission it can be used for electric vehicles, in particular for commercial fleets including medium-and heavy-duty electric trucks. A proof-of-concept testbed was developed; its preliminary analysis is presented in the paper. The concept allows the fast design of a transmission with virtually any number of speeds and its integration with an electric power train.

Abstract Renewable energy is a reliable and practical option for generating electricity and is considered one of the key ways to reduce environmental impact. There have been concentrated efforts devoted to next-generation technology to enhance performance, reliability and future growth of wind energy. However, there is always been concern about wide and bulky horizontal axes of wind turbines. Recent developments in wind turbine technology, particularly in the case of vertical axis wind turbines have shown that they are more adaptable to utility-scale power plants. As the energy generates from wind flow in both directions, we used this concept to model a novel hybrid wind turbine to demonstrate energy harvesting viability in a controlled way entirely from the moving vehicles on highways, with a three-bladed wind turbine and a solar tracking system. The hybrid wind turbine provided more energy and better efficiency in comparison to traditional wind turbines on the highways.

Three algorithms for the forecasting of energy consumption at individual EV charging outlets have been applied to real world data from the UCLA campus. Out of these three algorithms, namely k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), ARIMA, and Pattern Sequence Forecasting (PSF), kNN with k=1, was the best and PSF was the worst performing algorithm with respect to the SMAPE measure. The advantage of PSF is its increased robustness to noise by substituting the real valued time series with an integer valued one, and the advantage of NN is having the least SMAPE for our data. We propose a Modified PSF algorithm (MPSF) which is a combination of PSF and NN; it could be interpreted as NN on integer valued data or as PSF with considering only the most recent neighbor to produce the output. Some other shortcomings of PSF are also addressed in the MPSF. Results show that MPSF has improved the forecast performance.

This paper addresses a new electricity-charging station location problem for congested intercity or regional networks, in which electric vehicles with a limited driving range require recharges for their long-distance trips. When the distribution of charging stations does not sufficiently cover all used routes, some drivers may take a detour to find charging opportunities (or switch to another transportation mode). The goal of this station location problem is to find, under a limited construction budget, an optimal set of charging station locations such that all vehicles finish their trips by choosing a self-optimal route with necessary charging opportunities while the overall network congestion caused by possible detours is minimized. The problem is written as a bi-level mixed nonlinear integer programming model, where the upper level of the model is set to regulate the selection of station locations subject to the construction budget while the lower level is used to characterize the equilibrium flow pattern of electric vehicles with the charging requirement. Selected exact and approximate algorithms, namely, the branch-and-bound algorithm and the nested partitions algorithm are adopted to solve this station location problem. While both algorithms imply a divide-and-conquer strategy, the branch-and-bound algorithm poses a deterministic, exact procedure that utilizes the bounding mechanism to prune impossible solution subspaces, whereas the nested partitions algorithm performs a stochastic search and selection process in terms of the optimality probability for near-optimal solutions. To get numerical insights on the algorithmic performance and solution behavior, we test these algorithms through a couple of benchmark network instances. A performance comparison of the algorithms indicates that, the branch-and-bound algorithm can quickly obtain the global optimum when the driving range is relatively low, while the nested partitions algorithm can find optimal solutions or extremely near-optimal solutions in all cases and typically spend on average only one fourth of the computing time of the branch-and-bound algorithm. The network flow solutions clearly show, compared to gasoline vehicle drivers, how an insufficient driving range or number of charging stations may significantly reduce the number of feasible paths and force electric vehicle drivers to choose more costly paths, which thus reshapes flow patterns and possibly increases congestion levels.

In this paper, we perform 3D CFD simulations to understand the thermal operation of a High Breaking Capacity (H.B.C.) electric fuse within a Li-ion battery pack. The main focus is on evaluating the thermal behavior of a commercially available H.B.C. fuse containing four notched silver fuse elements through a numerical and experimental study that investigates the effect of the magnitude of electric current. For the numerical analysis we perform time-accurate, conjugate heat transfer-based 3D CFD simulations on high spatial resolution grids with commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+. Specifically, we utilize an electrodynamic potential model to calculate current density and the corresponding Ohmic heat generation of the fuse. The results of the numerical simulations with temperature dependent fuse material properties are validated against the experimental temperature measurements. The spatial distribution of temperature, and current in the fuse and its connected components are also compared for various input current values to evaluate the thermal performance of the fuse under a range of operating conditions.

A B S T R A C T Correct measurement of variables used in frequency control of power system is crucial for power system operation , stability, and security. Once sensor fault is occurred in power system, the faulty sensor should be instantly isolated. To this end, a model-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) technique is adopted in this paper. The proposed sensor FDI scheme for complex power systems is built based on unknown input observer (UIO) which is robust for systems with unknown inputs. The load fluctuation and output power variation of renewable energy resources are modeled as unknown inputs of power systems. To show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in case of future smart grids, the studied power system is developed to combine both electric vehicles (EVs) and high penetration level of renewable energy resources. The simulation scenarios are carried out for an eleven-order dynamical multi-area smart power system. The robustness of using UIO to detect and isolate sensor faults in power system is proved by several simulation scenarios. Likewise, the simulation results show that isolation of faulty sensors can be guaranteed by proper selection of the measured variables in the state space model of the studied system.

— Over the past several decades, the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels has led to the environmental problems, such as global warming, air pollution and energy crisis. Considering the vehicles consume the vast majority of fossil fuels used in the world, any improvement in the efficiency of vehicles reduces the above mentioned problems. In recent years, vehicle electrification technologies including, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles are considered as alternative technologies for sustainable transport. In this paper, at first, vehicle electrification technologies have been reviewed and various technical aspects of electric, hybrid and plug in hybrid vehicles have been discussed. The different topologies of electric drive vehicles as well as the components that can be used to build such vehicles, including energy storages, electric machines and electric drives are discussed. As well the aspects and advantages of the electrical systems for performing vehicle functions traditionally achieved by mechanical systems are explained. Also the vehicles charging standards and the concepts of vehicle to building and vehicle to grid are explained.

Functionally graded materials are of widespread interest because of their superior properties such as corrosion, erosion and oxidation resistance, high hardness, chemical and thermal stability at cryogenic and high temperatures. These properties make them useful for many applications, including Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) on metallic substrates used at high temperatures in the fields of aircraft and aerospace, especially for thermal protection of components in gas turbines and diesel engines. The application of TBC reduces the heat loss to the engine cooling-jacket through the surface exposed to the heat transfer such as the cylinder head, liner, piston crown and piston rings. The insulation of the combustion chamber with ceramic coating affects the combustion process and, hence, the performance and exhaust emissions characteristics of the engines improve. In this project, the main emphasis is placed on the study of thermal behavior of functionally graded coatings obtained by means of using a commercial code, ANSYS on aluminum and steel piston surfaces and the results are verified with numerical and experimental works.

This paper presents the determination of diversity factors related to the increased demand when charging EVs, electric vehicles, and focuses on the adequacy of distribution network capacity. The work aimed to meet the R&D project "Smart City Búzios" proposed by ENEL Distribuição Rio within the scope of the National Electric Energy Agency - ANEEL. The treated results of several measurements of EV charging characteristics provided the basis to estimate the increase in electricity demand. Deterministic and stochastic analyzes considering the influence of the distance previously traveled by the vehicle and the moment of its connection to the network were compared, allowed to obtain the diversity factor. This study shows the influence of the connection moment to recharge EVs in predicting the capacity of transformers as well as the need for their stochastic treatment. Therefore, the results recommended implementing communication systems to offer attractive tariffs aiming at shifting the recharging of EVs to daily times of lower demand.

Cell imbalance can cause negative effects such as early stopping of the battery charging and discharging process which can reduce its capacity. In the previous active balancing research, the energy used for the balancing process was taken from the cell or battery pack, resulting in drop of electric vehicle driving range. In this paper, a cell charger based battery balancing system is proposed with a reduction in the number of switches. The use of a cell charger aims to increase the usable energy of the battery pack, since the energy used for the balancing process is taken directly from the grid. The use of fewer switches aims to reduce the cost and space used on the battery management system (BMS) hardware. The charger used for the balancing process has a maximum current of 3 A and a maximum voltage of 3.65 V while the number of switches used is n+5 for n batteries. A 15S1P 200 Ah LiFePO4 battery pack consists of 15 cells used for testing purpose. The test results show that the time needed to equalize the 15 cell battery voltage reaches 6 hours from the difference between the highest and lowest battery cell voltages of 145.1 mV to 15.1 mV.

Can a fully-electric vehicle (EV) serve an on-the-go family's routine of work, shuttling kids, and road trips?  Yes, with some grit and optimism!  Here's how my family, living in a small Utah college town, incorporated a state-of-the-art EV into our household, illuminating some consumer perspectives on the existing barriers for broader EV adoption and the marketing tasks needed to enable EVs to bridge “the chasm” between early adopters and mainstream buyers.

Suspension system is one of the challenging portions in designing a vehicle. The
complete stability of the vehicle under dynamic conditions depends on the suspension system of
the vehicle. Suspension system of a vehicle is interlinked with other systems such as steering,
Wheels and Brakes. The main objective of this document is to provide complete guidance in
designing and calculation of an independent suspension system with double control arms. The
required parameters are calculated on considering a prototype vehicle with gross weight of 350 kg
such as required stiffness of shock absorbers, Ride frequency, Motion ratio, Coefficient of
damping etc. A CADD model was made with CATIA v5 r20 and SOLIDWORKS on the basis of
calculations obtained and stress analysis was carried out for this model in various software such
as Ansys. The complete assembled model was tested in LOTUS Shark and the result was obtained.

The development of electro-mobility is one of the centerpieces of European country attempts to reduce carbon emissions and increase the quality of life in cities. The goals of reducing emissions from the transport sector and phasing out fossil-fueled vehicles in (urban) transport by 2050 present unrivaled opportunities to foster electro-mobility. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and provides a detailed analysis of the current development of electro-mobility in Europe, assessing social, economic, and environmental aspects under a circular economy (CE) context. It also examines the existing challenges and suggests ways of addressing them towards improving the environmental performance of electro-mobility and the urban quality of life. The paper argues that a narrow technology-only agenda in electro-mobility will be less successful without the imperative of the CE, including not just materials and resources but also energy, to unlock the medium-term co-benef...

The RAMseS project, financed by the European Commission under the 6th framework Program, has the purpose of developing a solar powered agricultural vehicle in order to replace the conventional vehicles based on internal combustion engines (ICE). In the present study, we report a comparison of life-cycle emission between two systems; a conventional ICE vehicle (ICEV) and the RAMseS electrical vehicle (EV). The study has been conducted by designing a specific model and using the SimaPro software. The results show that the RAMseS system is considerably more environmentally friendly than conventional ICE based system and that, specifically, it can avoid the emission of about 23 ton of CO 2equ per year. Regarding all other pollutants, we found that the RAMseS system is 2.6 times more efficient than the ICEV. The main contribution to emissions of the RAMseS system is due to the batteries which contribute for a 73% of the total. Therefore, further improvement can be obtained with the use of more advanced battery systems, not based on lead.

This paper proposes and analyzes a distance-constrained traffic assignment problem with trip chains embedded in equilibrium network flows. The purpose of studying this problem is to develop an appropriate modeling tool for characterizing traffic flow patterns in emerging transportation networks that serve a massive adoption of plug-in electric vehicles. This need arises from the facts that electric vehicles suffer from the “range anxiety” issue caused by the unavailability or insufficiency of public electricity-charging infrastructures and the far-below-expectation battery capacity. It is suggested that if range anxiety makes any impact on travel behaviors, it more likely occurs on the trip chain level rather than the trip level, where a trip chain here is defined as a series of trips between two possible charging opportunities (Tamor et al., 2013). The focus of this paper is thus given to the development of the modeling and solution methods for the proposed traffic assignment problem. In this modeling paradigm, given that trip chains are the basic modeling unit for individual decision making, any traveler’s combined travel route and activity location choices under the distance limit results in a distance-constrained, node-sequenced shortest path problem. A cascading labeling algorithm is developed for this shortest path problem and embedded into a linear approximation framework for equilibrium network solutions. The numerical result derived from an illustrative example clearly shows the mechanism and magnitude of the distance limit and trip chain settings in reshaping network flows from the simple case characterized merely by user equilibrium.

It is argued by many in the field of sustainable development that the need to use cleaner, more energy efficient and less environment ally damaging technologies has never been more urgent, particularly in relation to transport and mobility. The problems of global warming and pollution, as well as issues of energy security, have acted as a spur to a global search for alternatives to the internal combustion engine.

Background  The Technology Strategy Board (TSB) launched the Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle Demonstrator programme in 2008 as the first major step in a UK wide journey to support
the development of technologies and markets for ultra low carbon vehicles (ULCV).  The programme was jointly funded by the TSB and the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV).  Throughout the trial 349 low carbon vehicles were deployed. Over 90% were pure electric vehicles (EVs), with the remaining being plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(PHEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Collectively, the vehicles completed over 276,000 individual trips covering over 1.5 million miles recording over 51,000
charging events.  This report details the results of a study of the dri􀇀ers􀍛 perception and attitudes towards the pure EVs, and their real-world performance. The data was collected and
analysed by Cenex and Oxford Brookes University on behalf of the Technology Strategy Board.
Motivations and first impressions  Drivers entered the trial with a variety of motivations (car enthusiasts, interest in assessing EV practicality, desire to advance driving technology, a personal concern
for the environment, and a desire for their organisation to reach its carbon targets).  Drivers showed immediate Primary Adaptation whereby the EV was seen as simple to drive and unfamiliar components such as regenerative braking were adapted to
within the first trip. Drivers expected an EV to fit their life immediately and did not wish to alter their lifestyle to accommodate it. The EVs were seen as fun to drive,
smooth, and rated very highly on their acceleration performance.

In this publication the project ePlanB is presented. It deals with an intelligent Charging Management System (CMS) of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) conglomeration in a field test with Electric Vehicles (EVs) from six different Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Furthermore, technical characteristics are shown and benefits for stakeholders discussed.

—This paper presents the large data analysis of the real-world driving cycles and studies the effect of different driving styles on the electric vehicle (EV) battery performance and aging. For this study, a MATLAB-based software tool, real EV cycle (REV-cycle) analyzer, is developed. The real-world driving data are recorded from the I-80 highway, CA, USA. In this study, driving cycles are classified into three styles as aggressive, mild, and gentle driving based on their average acceleration. Also, two standard driving cycles (EUDC and HWFET) are simulated by the software and the results are compared. The results show that the real driving cycles are very different from the standard cycles. Also, it is observed that the traffic flow affects the driving style, as the drivers tend to drive more aggressive during the light traffic hours of the highway, while the heavy traffic limits the driver's aggressive behavior. On the other hand, the driving style has considerable effect on the energy consumption and the battery aging. The aggressive driving style demands higher average power from the battery compared to the mild and gentle driving style. From the aging point of view, the aggressive driving style leads to higher C rate demand from the battery and it expedited the capacity fade process compared to the mild and gentle driving styles.

Research in the field of Electric Vehicles have become a powerful report zone in recent decades and is probably going to turn out to be considerably more so as the significance of Automobiles is quickly picking up force. In this manner, understanding Electric vehicles will be seen as progressively significant. Electric Vehicles in the course of the most recent couple of years have begun assuming a significant job in the Automobile Industry. Research in the field of Client perception of Electric Vehicles is gradually picking up energy yet is as yet one of the most ignored segments in India because of the multifaceted nature in its calculation. This article targets analyzing "The Client perception of Electric Vehicles and its impact on sales.

Dagens pertsonbilar kan bli mer effektiva och minska sin energianvändning genom byte till alternativa drivlinor eller genom förbättringar i den konventionella drivlinan. Syftet med rapporten är att utreda och jämföra alternativa energieffektiva drivlinor för personbilar för att möjliggöra en strategiskt långsiktig bedömning om vilket alternativ som har den största tekniska potentialen i framtiden. En jämförelse görs även med förbättringar i den konventionall drivlinan. Genom litteraturstudier bedöms och jämförs energieffektiviteten för den rena elbilen, hybridbilen med antingen otto-motor, diesel-motor eller bränslecell som primärmotor, och förbättringar i den konventionella drivlinan. Potentialen i varje väsentlig delkomponent beskrivs och bedöms för sig. Energieffektiviteten räknas som primärenergieffektivitet från den ursprungliga energikällan. Primärenergikällorna delas upp i tre olika resursbaser med helt olika potential i framtiden. Uppdelningen är fossilbaserad energi, bioenergi och förnybar el som t.ex sol, vind och vattenkraft. Resultatet ger att den rent elektriska drivlinan har högst energieffektivitet oavsett primärenergikälla. Frågan är dock om den någonsin kommer att bli kommersiellt tillgänglig givet begränsningar i räckvidd. Bränslecellsbilen har potential till att bli ett energieffektivt alternativ i framtiden men tyvärr är dess energieffektivitet starkt knuten till väte som energibärare, vilket ställer stora krav på uppbyggnad av infrastruktur m.m. Förnärvarande ligger bilindustrins fokus på hybridbilar med antingen otto-eller dieselmotorer som primärmotor. Potentialen visar att en fördubbling av energieffektiviteten, jämfört med dagens drivlina, är en rimlig potential för hybrid-alternativen. Ingen klar framtida vinnar kan koras utifrån dagens kunskap. En satsning på nya drivlinor bör tillåta flexibilitet så att man inte låser in sig i ett tveksamt teknikval.

This report represents the different EV charging methods, charging power levels, and the infrastructure for EVs, battery infrastructure and charging power levels are categorized into three types: Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Charger systems are categorized into off-board and on-board types. Typical on-board chargers restrict power to meet weight, space, and cost constraints, On-board charger systems can be conductive or inductive.

DIYguru presents a Nano-degree program on Electric Vehicles. This program provides you with the most flexible learning environment possible. This program is offered as a self-paced program often referred to as an asynchronous online program which is time-independent, meaning that it can be accessed 24X7 within the tenure of 90 days. This program can be accessed from multiple devices which makes it easy to learn on the go. The program will entitle you to avail 3 days of hands-on workshop at our headquarter in Delhi post the completion of the online course.

Lectures are pre-recorded or slide presentation with voice-over commentary, interactive discussion boxes that foster student to student interaction, Email communication with the instructor are part of this process. Downloadable educational tools such as e-books, research papers, and government reports are made available at just one click. Three days of the instructor-led workshop is added to emphasize the practical approach of a student on program-related components.

The course tends to equip participants with multidisciplinary expertise and increase the practical exposure with the tools and functioning of the Electric vehicle via small workshop prototypes.

This course follows the practical approach of learning (PLA model) to educate and offer cutting edge training to prepare engineers for the future industry workforce demand.

Make Participants more employable.
Prepare participants to match up with the industry 4.0 revolution.
Bridge the gap between conventional methods of learning and application-based method of learning.
To empower participants with the skills to face future challenges.

The smart grid idea was implemented as a new approach to the traditional power grid to find an optimal way to integrate renewable and sustainable energy innovations. In such a manner the web-connected advanced grid, often known as the power web, also appears as a unique approach at a certain time to make sure electricity from everywhere. Such innovations are primarily aimed at building a successful community. Smart Grids are an expanding technology that offers dramatic socioeconomic improvements. Data protection problems in power data usage and trading, nevertheless, pose significant obstacles in smart grid implementation. Blockchain technology has been tested for scope in the advanced grid to overcome such hurdles. Blockchain has some fantastic features that make it a successful smart grid model framework. This paper illustrates a detailed study of the smart grid implementation of Blockchain. The major security issues in smart grid environments that Blockchain can tackle is described.

Noruega, al igual que el resto de países nórdicos, es mundialmente famosa por su alto nivel de vida y su compromiso con el medio ambiente. En efecto, sus iniciativas a favor del cambio climático y el desarrollo sostenible fueron notables sobre todo en los años 80 y principios de los 90. Destaca su fomento de los coches eléctricos, y el uso de las energías limpias. En su matriz energética destaca el uso de la energía hidroeléctrica, renovable y no contaminante, pero carece del desarrollo de otras energías renovables que sus vecinos nórdicos sí han comenzado a explotar. Además, no hay que olvidar que es uno de los mayores exportadores de hidrocarburos, cuyo comercio le ha reportado importantes beneficios económicos y es clave para la actividad de empresas manufactureras y de servicios que forman una cadena de proveedores para la industria petrolera. En esta comunicación trataremos de repasar tanto los aspectos positivos de la política energética noruega, como sus puntos negativos y el discurso contradictorio y a veces hipócrita de las autoridades respecto al tema medioambiental, que los propios noruegos denuncian pero es poco conocida a nivel internacional. Palabras clave: Noruega, hidrocarburos, gases de efecto invernadero, energías renovables, vehículos eléctricos