Material Culture

The book is devoted to the analysis of ethno-linguistic and socio-cultural foundations of the identity of Dagestanis. The author discribres
particularities of  ethno-linguistic situation in the Mountainous and Lowland districts of Dageston, the influence of migration, urbanization, ethnic mixations on the cultural and language identity,  as well as the correlation of ethnic and religious identitues,  forms of actualization of ethnic and civil  consciousness,  ethnic stereotypes and other components of consciousness of Dagestanis. Special attention is paid to the problem of preserving the language diversity and cultural identity of the peoples of Dagestan.The book is intended for anthropologists, historians, philologists.
culture and a wide range of readers interested in Etnea-
takovymi and ethno-cultural problems.

Using the dual lens of Death Scholar and bereaved family member, this chapter explores the meaning of the R.I.P. T-shirt to African American mourning customs and death material culture. The author examines how race, memory, and material culture affects death and mourning by seeking to understand the function and purpose of R.I.P T-shirts to those in the Black community. The goal of the chapter is to illustrate how African Americans draw solace, comfort, refuge and even heed a call to action in the act of wearing the R.I.P. T-shirt.  The aim of the chapter seeks to understand the shirt’s prevalence within traditional African American mourning. Questions asked and considered are: Why do you wear Willie’s R.I.P. T-shirt and how did wearing it make you feel? How often do you wear it and why?  In my findings I (a) distinguish between official and unofficial R.I.P. T-shirts, different ways family/friend honor and memorialize the decedent; (b) unravel various origin stories of the R.I.P. T-shirt; and (c) unpack and comprehend the use and purpose of R.I.P. T-shirt during and after active grieving.

Whoredom in the Wild West has created a plethora of pseudo-historical “memorabilia”, artifacts that have become part of popular culture. Brothel tokens are part and parcel of the “Wild West” image portrayed by the media and western novels. Strong sexual economies were prevalent in most western towns due to their unusually high male population ratios and are always present in mediums that portray western American life including reenacted historical western American towns such as Tombstone, Arizona.

'The most famous of sanctuaries of Asclepius had their origin from Epidaurus’, Pausanias writes in his Hellados Periegesis (‘Description of Greece’). All across the Aegean and beyond, word of the salutary reputation of Epidaurian divinity had spread. And as tales of Epidaurus’ sanctuary of Asclepius travelled the lands and crossed the seas, so did the urge to ensure that the Epidaurian success formula was, as we say, coming soon to a place near you. So we know Epidaurus had managed to make a name for itself: all the way from the Argolid Peninsula to Asia Minor and the shores of Northern Africa. But what exactly had led to its rise in prominence? What about Epidaurus allowed for it to transcend its local cult-status? And how did its celebrated reputation and meaning change across places and time? What, in other words, is the story of what is often simply referred to as the sanctuary of Asclepius at Epidaurus?

This thesis focuses on the study of the material culture of the Auguste, a cartel ship wrecked in 1761 northeast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763) in New France entailed the surrender of Louisbourg in 1758, Quebec in 1759, and finally, Montreal in 1760. France consequently lost an important colony. The establishment of a temporary British military regime caused the departure of many members of higher social classes from the colony towards France. To this end, ships were requisitioned and travelled as cartel ships, in other words, they navigated to France under a white flag with the “prisoners”,
their families, and their possessions. In 1761, three departures from Québec City occurred in May, July, and October. The Auguste, a British merchant ship, was requisitioned in Quebec as a cartel ship during the fall of 1761. A month after its departure, the ship grounded in Aspy
Bay and wrecked, bringing death to the majority of the passengers. More than two centuries later, a partnership between Parks Canada and local divers led to two archaeological excavations in the late 1970s, revealing a collection of over four thousand artefacts. This thesis’ analysis of the material culture includes an outline of the history and the discovery of the ship and a classification of artefacts along functional categories related to maritime archaeology. The different analytical steps in this study ultimately lead to the integration of archaeological data towards understanding the repatriation of elites within the Modern State, and to define relationships between the wealthiest families of the colony and certain artisans of New France. The study of the Auguste finally seeks to understand the function of a cartel ship and the maritime organisation of a passengers ship’s transatlantic voyage.

Ce mémoire porte sur l’étude de la culture matérielle de l’Auguste, un navire de cartel ayant fait naufrage en 1761 au nord-est de l’île du Cap-Breton, en Nouvelle-Écosse. La date de 1759 marque la conquête de la Nouvelle-France par l’Angleterre. La France perd donc un important territoire. À la suite de la capitulation de Montréal en 1760, un Régime militaire temporaire anglais est mis en place et entraîne le départ de plusieurs membres des classes dirigeantes de la colonie vers la France. Leur rapatriement est effectué au moyen de navires de cartel, c’est-à-dire des vaisseaux voyageant sous drapeau blanc et transportant des
« prisonniers », leur famille et leurs avoirs. L’Auguste, un navire marchand d’appartenance britannique, est réquisitionné à Québec comme navire de cartel à l’automne 1761. Un mois après son départ, le navire s’échoue dans la baie d’Aspy et fait naufrage en emportant à la
mort la majorité des passagers. Plus de deux siècles après ces événements tragiques, un partenariat entre Parcs Canada et des plongeurs locaux a mené à la réalisation de deux campagnes de fouilles archéologiques à la fin des années 1970 mettant au jour une collection
de plus de quatre mille artefacts. L’analyse de cette culture matérielle comprend notamment la mise en contexte de l’histoire et de la découverte du navire et un classement des artefacts selon des catégories fonctionnelles liées à l’archéologie maritime. Les différents niveaux analytiques mènent ultimement à l’intégration des données archéologiques dans la compréhension du rapatriement des élites au sein de l’État moderne et à l’établissement de liens intéressants entre les familles nanties de la colonie et certains artisans de Nouvelle-
France. L’étude de l’Auguste a finalement permis de mettre en lumière la fonction de cartel du navire et d’établir et l’organisation maritime d’un voyage transatlantique pour le transport de passagers.

In the Gallina district, it is still unclear whether the violence originated with domestic (i.e. local) or foreign agents. This analysis will begin with a brief review of the relevant archaeology of the Gallina area. Following this, I set out to understand who the aggressors might be in this region by employing macroregional spatial analyses in two different case studies. Spatial analysis is ideal for understanding the source of violence in a region. For one, it is applicable at various scales. This is especially important in determining violence between local groups versus violence across a regional landscape. It is only by understanding the spatial patterns of violence that researchers can comprehensively demonstrate the difference between local versus regional, internal versus external patterns.

Przysługujący widmom wywrotowy, niemalże rewolucyjny potencjał został odsunięty oraz zagubiony poprzez pozbycie się tej kontrowersyjnej kategorii z terytorium metafizyki i zbyt pośpieszne odesłanie jej do przestrzeni badań nad literaturą, sprowadzając ją jedynie do roli użytecznego, bezpiecznego narzędzia interpretacji.

Książka Andrzeja Marca odzyskuje niepokojący charakter widmontologii i ponownie wprowadza widma do myśli metafizycznej. Czym nawiedzona i przeniknięta jest tradycyjna metafizyka, co właściwie ją dręczy, nie daje spokoju oraz nieustannie podmywa jej stabilność?

Kategoria widma Derridy posłużyła Marcowi przede wszystkim do rozważań nad charakterem współczesności i przeobrażeń, jakie dokonały się w obrębie myśli ponowoczesnej. Współczesna kultura, zdaniem Marca, stała się miejscem powstawania widm, nieustannie powracających z przeszłości. Uznając, że nie jesteśmy już w stanie tworzyć utopijnych wizji przyszłości, autor stara się zdać sprawę z widmowego charakteru współczesnej kultury, analizując m. in. strategie vintage, retro, nurt no future w kulturze lat 70. czy nurt fantastyki naukowej w literaturze.

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In the past, researchers who studied ceramics tended to focus on the imitation of marbled ware in the pattern, or to incorporate it into the lead-glazed pottery system to be discussed. Research focused on marbled ware is relatively rare so far, and the value of historical data is still potential to be explored. In addition, in the newly unearthed archaeological information in recent years, marbled ware is widely found in tombs and ruins in East Asia. However, the use of this batch of materials and the export route have not been systematically studied.

In this research, we will first investigate the unearthed materials and related documents, then organize the marbled ware collections of museums in various countries to build a systematic research database. Furthermore, by comparing the styles of each type, this research will try to illustrate the relationship between the production time period and evolution of each type of marbled ware.

After sorting out the basic information of marbled ware in the Tang and Song dynasties, this article will also study the foreign trade status of marbled ware, the class of users and the group of sponsors, and its special significance in religion and political rights. By comprehensively analyzing the historical information revealed by marbled ware, this research will try to restore its context of use during the Tang and Song Dynasties.

What was it like to live in the medieval period? In what ways did extraordinary events affect the everyday? The first volume in the Everyday Life series answers these questions as it opens a window on medieval Scotland from 1000 to 1600. The everyday involves all that is common to humanity from the passage of birth through to the rites of death. To date the historiography of medieval Scotland has not been greatly concerned with the familiar and the day-to-day. In fact some might claim that the topic has been entirely ignored, until now. A strong international team of contributors draws upon a range of primary sources and published materials, as well as artefactual and archaeological evidence, to present as complete a picture as possible of how people experienced life and complex issues of identity, geography, language, family and subsistence over five hundred years ago.

This article analyzes how mass-market cruise lines mobilize food, laborers, and built environments to offer passengers cosmopolitanism with the purpose of maintaining a unique business model. It is argued that while companies target a growing demand for culturally immersive dining experiences, they do not seek to offer complete immersion in any one culture but cosmopolitanism through a combination of multiple themed establishments on a mobile platform. Culinary themes are installed using labor and built environments, for instance through the placement of visual and material culture in eateries. While some onboard dining experiences are themed around the cultures of nations on the ship’s itinerary, many evoke international cultures. In studying how mass-market cruise lines as mobile spaces of containment combine both international and localized dining experiences to offer the “world on a ship,” scholars of tourism can better understand how touristic companies produce cosmopolitanism at destinations.

"Writing as Material Practice grapples with the issue of writing as a form of material culture in its ancient and more recent manifestations, and in the contexts of production and consumption. Fifteen case studies explore the artefactual nature of writing — the ways in which materials, techniques, colour, scale, orientation and visibility inform the creation of inscribed objects and spaces, as well as structure subsequent engagement, perception and meaning making.

Covering a temporal span of some 5000 years, from c.3200 BCE to the present day, and ranging in spatial context from the Americas to the Near East, the chapters in this volume bring a variety of perspectives which contribute to both specific and broader questions of writing materialities.

The authors also aim to place past graphical systems in their social contexts so they can be understood in relation to the people who created and attributed meaning to writing and associated symbolic modes through a diverse array of individual and wider social practices."

This study seeks to understand transformations in the modern capitalist World-economy in the North Atlantic. It specifically treats the material culture of four French shipwrecks dating from 1700 to 1760 :  la Dauphine (1704), l'Alcide (1747), l'Aimable Grenot (1749) and le Machault (1760). The starting point of this study is  the standardization of European material culture and the growing interstate exchanges in
an ever-stronger and integrated World-economy, or economic globalization. This study is built progressively, from the low-Ievel analysis of shipwreck assemblages to their global interpretation in conceptual terms, using three functional artefact groups: cargo, shipboard equipment and personal objects. The author seeks to identify the shipboard function of different artefacts and find their provenance, in order to study the production, the commercialization and the diffusion of the different productions found on the shipwrecks. He seeks a  closer understanding of the trends and dynamics underlying the European Atlantic economy during the I8th century, when the most powerful states of Western Europe fought for military and economic control of the continent.

Cette étude cherche à  comprendre les transformations en cours au sein de l'économie-monde capitaliste moderne. Elle s'intéresse spécifiquement à l'étude de la culture matérielle de quatre épaves
françaises datant de la  période 1704-1760 : la Dauphine (1704), l'Alcide
(1747), l'Aimable Grenot (1749) et le Machault (1760). La question centrale qui guide cette thèse est celle de l'uniformisation de la culture matérielle européenne, liée à l'accroissement des échanges interétatiques au sein d'une économie-monde atlantique intégrative, c'est-à-dire avec la  globalisation des marchés. La thèse se construit de manière progressive, de l'étude fonctionnelle et contextuelle des collections d'épaves à  leur interprétation en termes économiques plus larges, en fonction de trois classes fonctionnelles maritimes: les cargaisons, le  matériel de bord et les objets personnels. Après avoir organisé les artefacts pour chaque épave selon une grille fonctionnelle originale, l'auteur s'attache à reconnaître les fonctions à  bord des objets et à  retrouver leur provenance. Il tente alors d'analyser la production, la commercialisation et l'ampleur de la diffusion de chaque production, de manière à  comprendre les dynamiques en jeux au coeur de l'économie-monde atlantique au début du XVIIIe siècle, où s'affrontent les principaux États de l'Europe occidentale.

Comment le rapport aux objets matériels intervient-il dans la construction des sujets? La pause café-cigarette(s), l'usage du cannabis et le jeu vidéo sont les terrains de recherche décrits et analysés ici. Cet ouvrage approche les espaces de négociation entre norme et déviance, normal et pathologique, rituel et dépendance dont disposent leurs pratiquants. Derrière l'analyse de ces modes de subjectivation se dessinent les normes et valeurs d'une société contemporaine centrée sur la responsabilité et l'autonomie.

Ornament as Argument  explores notions of ornamentation and materiality in 10th and 11th-century Christian manuscript illumination. In particular, the book investigates the function and metaphoric meaning of so-called textile pages—images evoking the weave patterns of Byzantine and Islamic silk. An analysis of a broad range of objects situates textile pages in the context of medieval reading practice, visual exegesis, and worship. Based on various theological arguments that bear on the images and the book as an object in itself, the illuminations emerge as powerful textile metaphors. These concern material approaches to scripture, textile readings of the incarnation, and the physical book as body. Ornament as Argument thus contributes to a new understanding of the vital role illuminated manuscripts played in medieval material culture.

Velvets are one of the most luxurious textile materials and were frequently used in furnishings and costumes in the Middle East, Europe and Asia in the fifteenth to sixteenth centuries. Owing to many valuable studies on Ottoman and Italian velvets as well as Chinese and Byzantine velvets, we have learned the techniques and designs of velvet weaves, and how they were consumed. However, it is not well-known where and when velvets were started to be woven. The study will shed light on this question and focus on the origin, the historical background and development of velvet weaving, examining historical sources together with material evidence.

Buckley C (2017) Looms, Weaving and the Austronesian Expansion. In: Cultural Exchanges in Monsoon Asia:  Andrea Acri , Roger Blench  and Alexandra Landmann (eds), ISEAS, Singapore.

Weaving plays an important role in Asian cultures, both in the practical and symbolic spheres. In this paper I trace the weaving technologies of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) and Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) to their origins on the Asian mainland. A distinctive suite of technologies, including the body-tensioned loom, warp ikat and the tubular sarong, is found across a wide area. In ISEA it is associated with Austronesian speakers, and remnants of it are found on the mainland amongst Daic and Austroasiatic speakers. Significantly, it is absent on Taiwan, which (together with Hainan and parts of Laos and Vietnam) preserve an older form of the loom. I conclude that the weaving traditions of ISEA came directly from the mainland, rather than via Taiwan.

Resumen: Este artículo busca problematizar, por un lado, la relación que establecen las personas con sus casas en la dinámica cotidiana. Esto es, cómo ocupan, decoran, usan y organizan los ambientes de la vivienda. Por otro lado, el objetivo es conocer cómo ese habitar se produce con relación a la localidad en donde viven: Haedo. Se apela a la cultura material en dos sentidos: de la vivienda y de los objetos que componen el habitar. Los datos surgen a partir de la etnografía que realicé entre 2015 y 2019 con la familia de Gloria, residente de Haedo. Palabras clave: etnografía, casa, cultura material, Haedo.
Abstract: This article aims to problematize, on the one hand, the relationship that people establishes with their homes in the daily dynamics. That is, how they occupy, decorate, use and organize the environments of the house. On the other hand, the objective is to know how this living is produced in relation to the locality where they live: Haedo. The material culture is appealed to in two senses: of the house and of the objects that compose the inhabitant. The data comes from the ethnography I made between 2015 and 2019 with the family of Gloria, a resident of Haedo.

Resumo - Este ensaio tem como enquadramento uma etnografia sobre a imigração recente de uma família de brasileiros para Portugal. Descreve o papel central das coisas que trouxeram consigo na reconstrução de hábitos, lembranças e status social do país de origem. Mostra a relação entre mudança, memória e cultura material nessa recriação do significado de lugar e como o lar pode ser simbolicamente reproduzido e reestabelecido a partir dos objetos. Como tal, eles são a dimensão concreta desse desdobramento das suas vidas recém-transformadas pela partida do Brasil e a chegada ao continente europeu. / Abstract - This essay is based on an ethnography on the recent immigration of a Brazilian family to Portugal. Describes the central role of the objects they brought with in the reconstruction of habits, memories and social status of their country of origin. It shows the relationship between move, memory and material culture to recreate the meaning of place and how the home can be symbolically reproduced and reestablished from objects. As such, they are the concrete dimension of this unfolding of their lives recently transformed by the departure of Brazil and the arrival on the European continent. /

Deciphering the fascinating history behind a redesigned Takoradi Technical University’s (T.T.U) heraldic crest as well as the secret meaning of its symbols and colours make it significant in heraldry. This heraldic crest has been a depiction of forms such as cogwheel, open book, sea, Adinkra symbol, fonts and colours. This article, therefore, aims to underline the hidden secrets and meanings embodied in the redesigned and sculpted heraldic crest of Takoradi Technical University after Government’s conversion of Polytechnics in Ghana into Technical Universities. Through intrinsic and conceptual statements, the paper projects the artistic and esoteric features of Takoradi Technical University’s heraldic crest in an augmentation to commemorate the
institution’s sovereignty as a symbol of excellence in technical and vocational education. The ramification of newly created institutional heraldry revealed a symbolism crowning the promotion of industrialisation and economic development for the Western Region and Ghana in general through manpower training and action research. This is intended to provide support to industry and commerce in the areas of human resource and information
development

PROGRAMM

13:30 Uhr
Kerstin Pinther und Niklas Wolf (LMU München) // Welcome and Introduction

14:00-14:45 Uhr
Katarzyna Falecka (University College London) // Mohamed Kouaci and the Photographic Infrastructures of the Algerian Revolution

14:45-15:30 Uhr
Akinbode Akinbiyi (Berlin/Lagos) // Lagos, All Roads

15:30 Uhr Coffee Break

16:00-16:45 Uhr
Katharina Jörder (FU Berlin) // Verwoerd in the Photobook. A Critical View on the Pictorial Representation of the Architect of Apartheid

16:45-17:30 Uhr
Rana el Nemr // Artist Talk
moderated by Susanna Baumgartner und Mascha Salgado de Matos

18:15 Uhr
Evening Lecture
Ulrich Pfisterer (Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte, München) // Welcome
Tamar Garb (University College London) // Apartheid´s Interstices: Santu Mofokeng and the Site/Sound of Every-day life

19:15 Uhr
Exhibition Opening

My PhD, funded by an AHRC Collaborative Doctoral Award, built on my skills as a field archaeologist to develop new specialisms in the use of GIS as a research tools within medieval archaeology, building on current work in historical geography. My PhD research examined the use of the concept of neighbourhood and explored the development of urban space within which social groups developed and interacted in York between c.600-1600. Through an integrated and interdisciplinary study  the thesis explored the changing social character of urban spaces within York offering a new interpretation of the immediate post-Roman pre-urban landscape, the impact of the Norman Conquest and the changing artisanal neighbourhoods around York Minster, from the 12th to the 16th centuries.

The study of material culture generated by military engagements has created an emergent sub-discipline of archaeological studies centred on battlefields. This approach has developed a particular and sophisticated methodology that is able to deal with the fact that archaeologists will often not find either structures or a useful stratigraphical record on the site, as the material remains of the battle

Iconoclasm as an iconic event. Notes on the destruction of Muslim mosques in globalizing India

On the 6th of December 1992 Ayodhya, a Hindu-majority city located in the Northern Indian State of Uttar Pradesh, witnessed the destruction of the Babri Masjid Mosque by an estimated group of 150,000 volunteers (kar sevaks) linked to the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), a Hindu nationalist and right-wing organization . In the subsequent months, communal violence spread in several Indian cities leading to an estimated number of 2,000 deaths, especially among Muslims. The broad media coverage of the destruction and of the subsequent celebratory/commemorative events, its transnational diffusion through Hindutva networks and the reactions of the international community all underscore how Ayodhya became implicated in processes transcending its location in time and place. Iconoclasm can be considered a performative event through which communal conflicts and the collective image of the nation are projected to a broader audience of spectators. In marking a watershed between the past, present and future – and in capturing the collective imagination - the enactment of that iconoclastic gesture becomes ‘iconic’ insofar as it provides future generations with a specific vocabulary to narrate and perform similar events. From the 2002 Gujarat violence to the 2020 urban conflicts in Delhi, anti-Muslim pogroms have used the destruction of mosques - and the related claim for the right to build temples – as a chief way of asserting a Hindu nationalist identity.

Celem tekstu jest podkreślenie biograficznego charakteru kultury  materialnej. To znaczy, rzeczy i krajobrazy również mają swoje biografie, historie życia, które łączą się z historiami konkretnych jednostek. Za studium przypadku posłuży carska aluminiowa manierka z czasów I wojny światowej odnaleziona na terenie byłego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku.

What makes a textile modern? The recycling of clothing in the Punjabi shoddy trade. ... Norris, L (2006) What makes a textile modern? The recycling of clothing in the Punjabi shoddy trade. In: Rogerson, C and Garside,, (eds.) The Future of the Twentieth Century: ...

本文認為《紅樓夢》中針黹活動的發生、過程、目的與所製成物的收受、損毀、補缺，除了對賈府有經濟價值以外，另具有多重意涵。針黹作為女性專屬的性別活動，來源可上溯「男耕女織」的性別分工與織女信仰、乞巧儀式的文化編碼。首先，本文以針黹為線索，分析針黹這一儀式性活動在《紅樓夢》中被賦予的「婦功」的意義，及當針線物脫離道德「價值」落入「價格」較量時，一同顯示的人情角力。復次，針黹的文化編碼與七夕儀式習習相關，本文以善針線的晴雯為例，觀察針黹作為未嫁女兒之情的載體，以及女兒之情意在此岸大觀園的無立足境，並解釋何以民間流行的七夕沒有進入到小說的書寫視閾。而當百廿回本《紅樓夢》以針黹展現「女兒」之情時，續書作品則聚焦「母親」的倫理道德，分別展現「重情」與「重禮」的不同關切面。最後，本文以續書的回望視野，觀察續書在「補恨」工程中，如何
將原著私人的針黹行為轉變為集體性的七夕乞巧與齊家的世俗想望。

Maya archaeology has an intimate relationship with cultural anthropology. One could say that they are dependent on each other. Archaeologists use anthropological analogies from contemporary groups in the Maya area to explain their data and anthropologists sometime emphasize the originality of some social expressions as either modern, colonial or pre-Hispanic. Nowadays we have a third actor who criticizes both archaeology and anthropology. This is the Maya movement in Guatemala, led by indigenous scholars, who want to see a more ethical approach to the study of both the past and contemporary ethnic groups. In this text, I shall consider how ethnicity and culture are viewed in Maya archaeology and in this movement and see how they are both the result of a politicised, cultural thinking. The concept of material culture has a central position here, since it is believed to reflect past human culture and ethnicity.

This movement is like the negation of a discourse established by the other dominating party. As such, it is dependent on the former. When a new discourse is being constructed, it resists the dominating discourse or other opposing powers. When such constructed histories in their turn become the official histories of ethnic movements, they tend to be defined by the very same colonialism that they oppose. They use the same units of analysis, idioms and structures. The group is formed around this discourse and the result is what Fischer writes: “In many ways the pan-Maya movement is a textbook example of an imaged [sic] community” (Fischer 2001:7).

However, this is a result of a need to be heard. The movement has had to adopt a Western discourse. Archaeologists or other scholars from the “Third World” have had to work with concepts that were developed during the colonial era. It is thus difficult to redefine the past.

What the Maya movement really needs is a complete break with “culture” thinking as this is a main theme in Mayanist archaeological thought. Therefore I shall explore the concepts of culture, ethnicity and continuity and see if they are relevant to our understanding of past identities.