Open-Access

Characteristics of saline soil determine the rice yield along the seaboard. High concentration of dissolved salt decreases growth and rice yield. The study aimed to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of saline soil in Sidoarjo and Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The result analysis of soil exchangeable Na + , K + , Ca ++ , and Mg ++ respectively was 0.8-1.94; 0.33-2.73; 16.32-20.4, 1.83-8.88 me.100g-1 .The value of soil pH was 7.35-7.55, EC value of soil was 0.64-1.83dS.m-1 , and the content of organic-C was between 1.1-2,4,6 %. The result of soil characterization was then crosschecked with the rice yield in saline soil by weighing dry rice grains per clump. The rice yield was 3-4.1 ton.ha-1 and negatively correlated to the exchangeable values of Na, SAR, bulk density and dust content. It was positively correlated with organic-C, fertilizer, exchangeableof Ca ++ , Mg ++ , and K + , as well as soil's CEC. The ratio value of Ca:Mgnamely2.2-8.2, and K:Mgnamely0.18-0.21 exceeded the limit of ideal value and caused low production. The rice yield was negatively correlated with the content of exchangeableNa + , values of pH and EC. It achieved more than 4 ton.ha-1 when added with 300-450 g.plant-1 of organic materials and 1.0-1.3 g.plant-1 of NPK.

Although theoretically the patent system is meant to bolster innovation, the current United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is cumbersome and involves a significant time investment to locate inactive patents less than 20 years old. This article reports on the development of an open source database to find these public domain ideas. First, a search strategy is explained. Then the operation and use of free and open source software are detailed to meet the needs of open hardware innovators. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the utility of the approach with 3-D printing. The results showed how the Free Inactive Patent Search enables users to search using plain language text to find public domain concepts and then provides a hyperlinked list of ideas that takes users to the USPTO database for the patent for more information. All of the source code to operate the search and the website are open source themselves and provided in the public domain for free. In the case study on 3-D printing the time to identify public domain patents was cut by a factor of more than 1500. This tool has the potential for accelerating the development of open hardware technologies to create high value for the public.

Resumen:
La Nueva Teoría Estratégica es aplicada en investigaciones desde el Foro Iberoamericano Sobre Estrategias de Comunicación que articula acciones con redes y universidades. Vincula actores internacionales de las Universidades: Sergio Arboleda de Colombia, Autónoma de Santo Domingo, de República Dominicana y Nacional de Lomas Zamora de Argentina. Se pretende promover una estrategia para la comunicación científica en la región Caribe. El caso presentado es la realización de la Revista científica/académica, denominada Comunicaribe, (en construcción). Existe déficit de publicaciones académicas en Open Access en la región y el fomento del estimulo para animar a los autores de la región a la producción global desde lo local. Las metodologías propuestas son elaboradas desde la Nueva teoría Estratégica, centrándonos en la primera seña, conocida como el cambio de paradigma del pensamiento Complejo. Aplicamos tres conceptos para el diagnóstico del caso: el principio dialógico, el principio recursivo y el principio hologramático. Resultados: esperamos lograr la puesta en marcha de la publicación, tal como se ha realizado con una serie de ellas, en América y Europa. Conclusiones: los aspectos de la Teoría son tantos y tan abonados por las metodologías propuestas que permite articular en la diversidad de situaciones.



Abstract:
The New Strategic Theory is applied to research from the FISEC ( Ibero-American Forum on Communication Strategies) that articulates shares networks and universities. In the present case relates international actors Universities: Sergio Arboleda from Colombia, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic, and National Lomas Zamora of Argentina. The research is conducted in order to promote a strategy for scientific communication in the Caribbean region. The case presented is to conduct scientific / academic journal called Comunicaribe currently under construction. They motivate this embodiment the gap in the region of the proposed academic publications from Open Access and promoting the stimulus to encourage authors from the region to the global production from the local. The proposed methodologies are drawn from the New Strategic theory, focusing on the first sign, known as the paradigm shift of complex thought. We apply three concepts that we may provide diagnostic result for the case: the dialogic principle, the recursive principle and hologramático principle. Results: we hope to achieve the implementation of the publication, as has been done with a number of them in America and Europe. Conclusions: Aspects of the Theory are so many and paid by the methodologies proposed by other authors can articulate the diversity of situations.

Several proposals for addressing the “replication crisis” in social psychology have been advanced in the recent literature. In this paper, we argue that the “crisis” be interpreted as a disciplinary social dilemma, with the problem facing early-career researchers being especially acute. To resolve this collective action problem, we offer a structural solution: as a condition of receiving their PhD from any accredited institution, graduate students in psychology should be required to conduct, write up, and submit for publication a high-quality replication attempt of at least one key finding from the literature, focusing on the area of their doctoral research. We consider strengths, weaknesses, and implementation challenges associated with this proposal, and call on our colleagues to offer critical response.

Mangrove ecosystems are known for being the rainforest of the sea. Philippines is bestowed with this naturally rich mangrove ecosystem with diverse floral and faunal species. Despite this natural abundance, mangrove ecosystems are subjected to natural and human induced degradations specifically conversion to fish shrimp ponds that resulted in diminution aside from its effect on terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling and could also affect its important role in terms of terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycling. This study is conducted to determine the mangrove diversity, distribution and the above-ground biomass and C-stocks in Glan and Malapatan, Sarangani Province. Purposive sampling is implemented in establishing the plots on both sites. Results show eight (8) mangrove species belonging to four (4) families are observed in both areas. Data also reveal that the mangrove ecosystem in Glan Padidu, Glan is undisturbed. Rhizophora apiculata and Sonneratia alba are found to be dominant on the two sites. Because of the large tree girths and high density of species observed on the studied areas, both forests have the potential to sequester and store large amount of atmospheric carbon. Thus, this study quantifies mangrove tree biomass in view of carbon trading as significant in lessening the effects of global warming.

It appears that open access (OA) academic publishing is better for science because it provides frictionless access to make significant advancements in knowledge. OA also benefits individual researchers by providing the widest possible audience and concomitant increased citation rates. OA publishing rates are growing fast as increasing numbers of funders demand it and is currently dominated by gold OA (authors pay article processing charges (APCs)). Academics with limited financial resources perceive they must choose between publishing behind pay walls or using research funds for OA publishing. Worse, many new OA journals with low APCs did not have impact factors, which reduces OA selection for tenure track professors. Such unpleasant choices may be dissolving. This article provides analysis with a free and open source python script to collate all journals with impact factors with the now more than 12,000 OA journals that are truly platinum OA (neither the author nor the readers pay for the peer-reviewed work). The results found platinum OA is growing faster than both academic publishing and OA publishing. There are now over 350 platinum OA journals with impact factors over a wide variety of academic disciplines, giving most academics options for OA with no APCs.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes four Units, namely Unit 1: Introduction to Research Evaluation Metrics and Related Indicators; Unit 2: Innovations in Measuring Science and Scholarship; Unit 3: Article and Author Level Measurements; Unit 4: Online Citation and Reference Management Tools. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.
[Das, Anup Kumar (2015). Open Access for Researchers, Module 4: Research Evaluation Metrics. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 9789231000829. Editors: Sanjaya Mishra; B.K. Sen]

This e-learning/ self-directed learning Module includes five Units, namely Unit 1: Scholarly Communication Process; Unit 2: Open Access: History and Developments; Unit 3: Rights and Licenses; Unit 4: Advocacy for Open Access; Unit 5: Open Access Research Impacts. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

Universal access to information and knowledge lies UNESCO's overall mandate to promote the free flow of information by word and by image and thus to place information and knowledge at the doorsteps of communities. UNESCO strives to forge an enabling environment to facilitate and open up avenues for universal access to information and knowledge. Open Access to information and knowledge is an innovative mode of scholarly communication within the digital environment aimed at achievement of universal access to information and knowledge. While Open Access helps digital inclusion of citizens in developing countries by bringing within easy reach full-text contents of scholarly works, documentary heritage collections and development-related literature, the Digital Library remains a knowledge repository of such citizens, indigenous people, communities and institutions. Open Access to knowledge is a model adopted by many international and intergovernmental fora, such as the World Summit on the information Society (WSIS), for disseminating full-text contents to online communities. The South Asia sub-region is now in the forefront of the Open Access movement within developing countries in the world, with India being the most prominent partner in terms of its successful Open Access and Digital Library initiatives. Institutional and policy frameworks in India also facilitate innovative solutions for increasing international visibility and accessibility of scholarly literature and documentary heritage in this country. This publication has its genesis in the recommendations and proceedings of UNESCO-supported th international conferences and workshops including the 4 International Conference of Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL2001, Bangalore); the International Conferences on Digital Libraries (ICDL2004 & ICDL2006, New Delhi); and the International Workshop on Greenstone Digital Library software (2006, Kozhikode), where many information professionals of this sub-region demonstrated their Digital Library and Open Access Initiatives. It discusses successful activities in the South Asia subregion bringing closer to the worldwide audience, the subject of access to scholarly literature and documentary heritage. This may thus be considered an authoritative source-book on Open Access Development in this sub-region.

The Liber historiae Francorum was influenced by different historiographical traditions. In this paper, I pursue two arguments. Firstly, I believe that the author of the Liber historiae Francorum juxtaposes and slightly transforms these traditions for his or her own purpose, which results in creating a new Frankish self-conception in which the Franks have utterly emancipated themselves from the Romans. This in particular can be observed in two previously somewhat neglected examples: the author’s use of the legend of Troy and his or her use of the Bible. Secondly, by doing so, the text responds to other texts within a network and therefore represents a competing model of a Frankish identity.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes four Units, namely Unit 1: Introduction to Scholarly Communication; Unit 2: Communicating with Peer Review Journals; Unit 3: Electronic Journals and Databases; Unit 4: Serials Crisis. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

This paper discusses the position of the pagan 'Other' in medieval thought, arguing that although Paganism was alien to the Christian, churchmen wanted above all to bring the pagans into the Christian fold: they were part of God's creation, and they had to be preached to before the Last Times. The Other, therefore, had to allow the possibility of integration. As a result the Pagan Other in the early Middle Ages was an ambiguous category, and not a clear demarcation of difference.

The first part of Networks and Neighbours 2 is centred around the theme ‘Comparisons and Correlations’, as an idea, a philosophy and a method of early medieval History. Reading beyond borders is, in theory, a methodology admired by early medieval scholars and considered when performing research, but to what extent is comparative history a reality in early medieval scholarship? Furthermore, should we pursue this line of thinking, reading, writing and teaching? What are the potential benefits structurally? What new historical representations will emerge from a sustained, earnest attempt at comparing the physical artifacts, mental archaeology and socio-/geo-graphical landscapes of early medieval minds, places, connections and/or neighbourhoods? As a way to engage these questions the papers deal individually and critically with localized situations. When ascribed within our framework of questions these, we believe, provide important reflective sites and positions for further research in this direction, as we continue to explore how immediate and near realities performed in the functioning of wider topographies…and in fact if they ever really did, or if we’ve taken on too much of the cheese and the worms.

African scholarly research is relatively invisible globally because, even though research production on the continent is growing in absolute terms, it is falling in comparative terms. In addition, traditional metrics of visibility, such as the Impact Factor, fail to make legible all African scholarly production. And many African universities also do not take a strategic approach to scholarly communication to broaden the reach of their scholars’ work.

To address this challenge, the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) was established to help raise the visibility of African scholarship by mapping current research and communication practices in Southern African universities and by recommending and piloting technical and administrative innovations based on open access dissemination principles. To do this, SCAP conducted extensive research in four faculties at the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius and Namibia.

In the University of Cape Town’s Faculty of Commerce, SCAP found that scholars:
• remain unconvinced by open access dissemination
• find it easier to collaborate with scholars in the global North than in the rest of Africa
• rarely communicate their research with government
• tread a fine line between their quest for (academic) prestige and their quest for (social) relevance
• show little interest in producing “alternative” outputs (e.g. policy briefs, reports, etc.) that non-academic audiences would find more accessible than traditional journal articles
• seldom utilise social media technologies to disseminate their work or seek new collaborative opportunities.

All of these factors impact UCT’s research in/visibility at a time when scholarly communication is going through dramatic technical, legal, social and ethical changes.

“Scholarly Communication at the University of Cape Town” shares the results of SCAP’s research and advocacy efforts at UCT’s Faculty of Commerce. It not only analyses the faculty’s scholarly communication ecosystem, but illuminates the opportunities available for raising the visibility of its scholarship. It concludes with a series of recommendations that would enhance the communicative and developmental potential of the university’s research as a whole.

This study will be of interest for scholars of African higher education, academically linked civil society organisations, educationally affiliated government personnel and university researchers and managers.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes two Units, namely Unit 1:The Publishing Process; Unit 2: Share Research Results in Open Access. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

"African scholarly research is relatively invisible globally because, even though research production on the continent is growing in absolute terms, it is falling in comparative terms. In addition, traditional metrics of visibility, such as the Impact Factor, fail to make legible all African scholarly production. And many African universities also do not take a strategic approach to scholarly communication to broaden the reach of their scholars’ work.

To address this challenge, the Scholarly Communication in Africa Programme (SCAP) was established to help raise the visibility of African scholarship by mapping current research and communication practices in Southern African universities and by recommending and piloting technical and administrative innovations based on open access dissemination principles. To do this, SCAP conducted extensive research in four faculties at the Universities of Botswana, Cape Town, Mauritius and Namibia.

In the University of Mauritius Faculty of Science, SCAP found that scholars:
• carry heavy teaching and administrative loads which hinder their research productivity
• feel positive about the merits of open access communication, but neither they nor the university has an OA dissemination strategy that would capitalize on this sentiment
• find it easier to collaborate with scholars in the global North than in the rest of Africa
• rarely communicate their research with government
• tend to engage in small, locally-based research projects that are either unfunded or funded by the university
• do not utilize social media technologies to disseminate their work or seek new collaborative opportunities.

All of these factors impact UoM’s research in/visibility at a time when scholarly communication is going through dramatic technical, legal, social and ethical changes.

“Scholarly Communication at the University of Mauritius” shares the results of SCAP’s research and advocacy efforts at UoM’s Faculty of Science. It not only analyses the faculty’s scholarly communication ecosystem, but illuminates the opportunities available for raising the visibility of its scholarship. It concludes with a series of recommendations that would enhance the communicative and developmental potential of the university’s research as a whole.

This study will be of interest for scholars of African higher education, academically linked civil society organizations, educationally affiliated government personnel and university researchers and managers."

Various initiatives are taken globally to make knowledge repositories more accessible to researchers by exploiting the internet platform and developing a model that allows free access. India is also actively participating in this new initiative. Open access to scientific knowledge is an integral part of India’s S&T policy intervention. Some of the major international and Indian national initiatives are highlighted. Further efforts that would be required to make Indian participation more fruitful are also brought out.

Das, Anup Kumar (2014). Open Access to Scientific Knowledge: Policy Perspectives and National Initiatives. In: CSIR-NISTADS (ed): India - Science and Technology, volume 3. Delhi: Cambridge University Press India, ISBN 9789384463045, pp.292-299.

Target detection is the front-end stage in any automatic target recognition system for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery (SAR-ATR). The efficacy of the detector directly impacts the succeeding stages in the SAR-ATR processing chain. There are numerous methods reported in the literature for implementing the detector. We offer an umbrella under which the various research activities in the field are broadly probed and taxonomized. First, a taxonomy for the various detection methods is proposed. Second, the underlying assumptions for different implementation strategies are overviewed. Third, a tabular comparison between careful selections of representative examples is introduced. Finally, a novel discussion is presented, wherein the issues covered include suitability of SAR data models, understanding the multiplicative SAR data models, and two unique perspectives on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection: signal processing and pattern recognition. From a signal processing perspective, CFAR is shown to be a finite impulse response band-pass filter. From a statistical pattern recognition perspective, CFAR is shown to be a suboptimal one-class classifier: a Euclidean distance classifier and a quadratic discriminant with a missing term for one-parameter and two-parameter CFAR, respectively. We make a contribution toward enabling an objective design and implementation for target detection in SAR imagery.

The aim of this project is to found parks of displaced cross-stones in those villages of the Republics of Armenia and Artsakh where the former Azerbaijanian inhabitants have destroyed the medieval Armenian cemeteries, using the tombstones and cross-stones as building material. Thanks to the foundation of such parks, the present-day Armenian inhabitants of these villages will be able to gather all the displaced monuments in one place, which will facilitate their preservation. We hope that this project, implemented for the first time in Aghberk Village, will also be carried out in other similar villages.
Նպատակն է տեղահանված խաչքարերի համար նախատեսված պուրակներ հիմնել Հայաստանի և Արցախի Հանրապետությունների նախկին ադրբեջանաբնակ այն գյուղերում, որտեղ վերջիններս ոչնչացրել են հայկական միջնադարյան գերեզմանոցները, իսկ հուշարձանները՝ որպես շինանյութ, գործածել տարբեր կառույցների որմերում և հիմքերում: Այս պուրակների ստեղծումով հնարավորություն է տրվում գյուղերի այժմյան հայ բնակիչներին հայտնաբերված տեղահան հուշարձանները պահպանման նպատակով հավաքելու մի վայրում: Առաջին անգամ Աղբերքում իրականացված այս ծրագիրը, հուսով ենք, հետագայում կարող ենք շարունակել նույն կարգավիճակ ունեցող այլ գյուղերում:

Si la plupart des ouvrages traitant la Grande Guerre évoque les dures conditions de vie des combattants comme la boue, le froid, la pluie, la chaleur étouffante, peu accordent aux conditions météorologiques une importance particulière. Or, à la lecture des lettres et carnets de Poilus, on prend mesure de l’importance des conditions météorologiques, tant pour le moral des combattants, leur santé et leur corps, que pour l’ajournement d’offensives.

Paru dans Mémoire des Vosges, n°31, 2015|2, pp. 39-43.

In this report are presented the effects of the open data over the contemporary democracy, taking into consideration the development of the information society. Opening of the public data is one of the major goals, the EU envisages for the construction of the internal digital market of innovative products and services. Open data is this data that is publicly available without the restrains of borders, free for re-use or at a marginal price, distributed through modern ICT – internet, web based applications, etc. This paper suggests an overview of the main benefits the open access to public data brings from socio-political point of view.

The idea of the Library of Alexandria has powerfully expanded over the centuries, embodying the dream of universal wisdom and knowledge centralized in one single place. Digitization projects, such as the Google books project, are reviving the hope that this dream may come true. Moreover, the ubiquity of the networked environment promises to open access to this aiber-library to everybody with an Internet connection. Today the entire collection of human knowledge may be only one click away.

Resumen Se presenta un esbozo de esta iniciativa desde sus comienzos hasta la actualidad, además de mostrar los objetivos, las declaraciones en las que se basa; la controversia que genera, para finalizar con la situación del Open Access en México. Abstract An outline of this initiative is presented from its beginnings to the present, in addition showing the objectives, the statements on which it is based; the controversy that generates, ending with the situation of Open Access in Mexico.

OpenData besitzt auf internationaler Ebene eine hohe politische Relevanz und verleiht der seit Jahrzehnten geführten Diskussion um die Öffnung von amtlichen Geodaten neue Aktualität. Ihre Bedeutung liegt darin, dass sie essentieller Bestandteil einer Informationsinfrastruktur und Basis einer darauf aufbauenden Wissensökonomie sind, sie politisches Handeln nachvollziehbar machen und einen Beitrag zur Transparenz und damit zur Demokratisierung leisten können, sie Menschen zu Dialog, Partizipation und Kollaboration befähigen können und iv. ein großes Potenzial für soziale und wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen bergen. Der Open Data und OGGD Diskurs ist im Kontext der Herausbildung von Informations- und Wissensgesellschaften zu verstehen, der einen Wandel im Bedarf, in der Benutzung und Weiterverwendung von Informationen bedingt.

Zahlreiche Hürden existieren in Bezug auf die Öffnung von amtlichen Geodatenbeständen und Weiterverarbeitung der (Roh)Daten. Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit institutionelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen die Öffnung von amtlichen Geodatenbeständen beeinflussen. Hierzu wurden Experten aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Wirtschaft und Verwaltung befragt. Das Interviewmaterial wurde anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Die Herausforderungen und Chancen im Bereich von OGGD zeigen sich in drei großen Spannungsfeldern:

Informationsfreiheit versus Datenschutz, Traditionelle Verwaltungskultur versus eParticipation & eCollaboration und Kommerzielle Weiterverwendung versus Refinanzierung von OGGD.

Es existieren Unklarheiten einzelner Rechtslagen in Bezug auf die Informationsfreiheitsgesetze sowie den Datenschutzgesetzen. Diese Situation wird durch die unterschiedliche Gesetzgebung auf Länder- und Bundesebene verschärft. Hinzukommen Fragen zum Schutz der Privatsphäre, die gesellschaftlich neu erörtert werden müssen. Auf institutioneller Ebene (Verwaltung als Datenproduzent und Datenhalter) verlaufen Wandlungsprozesse nur sehr langsam (z.B. Schaffung kollaborativer Umgebungen), da das Personal unzureichend in IKT und Social Network Software geschult ist und der Nutzen für die Verwaltung selbst zunächst unklar bleibt. Zudem existieren Ängste und Abneigungen der Mitarbeiter gegenüber der Offenlegung und Freimachung der Daten. Der Zugang zu Daten staatlicher Stellen soll zu privaten Zwecken gebührenlos und ohne vorherige Registrierung, Anmeldung etc. ermöglicht werden.

Für eine umfassende Öffnung amtlicher Geodatenbestände muss eine einheitliche Rechtslage zur Informationsweitergabe und zum Datenschutz geschaffen werden. Verwaltungen müssen dazu angeregt werden ihr Betriebssystem zu überdenken und der Nutzen von kollaborativen Umgebungen verdeutlicht werden.

The paper is a comparative study on the aristocrats of eastern England, eastern Normandy, western Flanders and central Norway. This comparison will specifically investigate the aristocratic understanding of territory between the mid-tenth and mid-eleventh centuries.

Currently in English historiography a ‘maximum view’ prevails promoting strong centralised states centred on powerful kings. However, this paper intends to challenge the ‘maximum’ paradigm through a comparative framework of North Sea Europe. This approach not only promotes the presence of regional identity but also emphasises how comparative studies allow historians to debate national historgraphical theories.

Therefore to understand aristocratic perception of territory research centres on regional texts and aristocratic homes. The outcome will highlight that central institutional ties were weak outside of traditional land holdings. Furthermore, it will stress that the localities did not subscribe to national identities or borders. In contrast, these areas maintained their own cultural provinces and central places based on the landscape and cultural memory. Finally, it was this regional identity that the aristocracy of North Sea Europe attached itself to so that they could perpetuate their right to rule a locality, as well as strengthen their position against the interventions of central powers.

The conclusions presented will highlight a regionally focussed aristocracy that provides evidence against centralised states. Moreover, it will show how further comparative research will illuminate the possibility of a North Sea network in the Early Medieval period.

The paper concentrates on the concept of openness in the use of digital technology and digital media in academic research, and Translation Studies (TS) in particular. The author takes a look at publication methods, access options to publications, as well as academic evaluation methods in TS, a research field where we have to deal with the peculiarity of different publication languages and a variety of competing research methods and theories.

Comparison is a powerful tool in the methodological toolbox of the humanities. However, the results of a comparative study can sometimes be as confusing as they are valuable – especially so, when the participants in a comparative project come from different academic backgrounds as well. This article presents some initial observations on the pitfalls and possibilities of multidisciplinary research. Additionally, two case-studies will be presented, based on the expertise of the co-authors (the monastery of Saint-Mihiel in the early Middle Ages, and the religious communities known as hijras in Medieval South Arabia), in order to present a way to compare these two cases in a viable manner.

The Delhi Declaration on Open Access, pronounced on 14th February 2018, becomes another instance of solidarity of the researchers in Global South in making open access (OA) to scholarly literature a popular choice in the dissemination of the scientific research. The Open Access India (OAI), an open access advocacy group, was the main architect behind this Declaration. The Declaration had over 120 signatories from India and other countries in the Global South within first two weeks of its pronouncement.  This declaration is supported by the Knowledge Societies Division of UNESCO; IFLA RSCAO; Forum for Open Access in SAARC, etc. The signatories are not limited to the information professionals, journal editors, and research funders, but also the committed academic researchers who use and promote open access resources. The Declaration also marked the sixteenth anniversary of Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), which is considered as the starting point in the shaping of the global open access movement. On the 15th anniversary of BOAI, the AgriXiv, a preprint self-archiving portal for agriculture and allied sciences was launched as an Open Access India’s community initiative.

This Unit, Communicating with Peer Review Journals, covers two important academic publishing channels, namely peer reviewed journals, conferences and their proceedings. This Unit also highlights different methods and procedures of peer reviewing for publishing primary literature emanated from research studies. The peer reviewing is essential for validating quality of research findings conveyed by researchers, which are subject to fulfilment of ethical standards and appropriate research design, sampling and other methodological issues. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as Academic Journals, Their Functions, Working and Procedures; The Peer Review Process; World of Journal Publishing; The Importance of Scientific and Professional Societies in Journal Publishing; and Publishing in Conferences. Published in Open Access for Researchers > Module 1: Scholarly Communications > Unit 2: Communicating with Peer Review Journals.

Following presentations in September 2012 at the British Academy of Management Conference in Cardiff in a session dedicated to examining the implications of open access publishing for the discipline of management and the ensuing debate, we were fired up to write a collective response. We felt that the editorial section of the British Journal of Management would be an appropriate platform on
which to voice our concerns with regard to the unfolding proposals on open access and to suggest ways forward. Clark, Floyd and Wright (forthcoming) have examined the implications of open access for the Journal of Management Studies.We take the debate further, and examine a number of unintended consequences of the open
access policies of the UK Coalition Government on the discipline of business and management (Ghobadian, Baruch and Özbilgin, 2013).

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta realizada a investigadores e investigadoras de Argentina sobre los distintos tipos de acceso a la literatura científica, las motivaciones de uso de la vía ilegal, las representaciones sobre legalidad y corrección moral en el acceso a artículos científicos y el vínculo entre productividad y vías de acceso. Ofrece evidencia empírica de un uso masivo y extendido del acceso ilegal a literatura científica entre los y las encuestadas. Entre los hallazgos más notables destaca, por un lado, que el uso de la modalidad ilegal de acceso no suplanta, sino que coexiste con la utilización de las vías legales. Por otro lado, existe un marcado desacople entre las representaciones en torno a la legalidad y la corrección respecto al acceso y difusión de literatura científica protegida por derechos de autor. En tercer lugar, las motivaciones que explican el uso masivo de las vías ilegales combinan aspectos prácticos y valorativos, como la imposibilidad de acceder de otra forma y la facilidad de uso frente a los servicios legales y el rechazo al negocio editorial en torno a la literatura científica. /// This article presents the results of a survey carried out among researchers from Argentina on the different types of access to scientific literature, the motivations for using the illegal via, representations on legality and moral correctness in access to scientific articles, and the link between productivity and access vias. It offers empirical evidence of a massive and widespread use of illegal access to scientific literature among respondents. The most notable finding is, on the one hand, that the use of the illegal via of access does not supplant, but rather coexists with the use of legal vias. On the other hand, there is a remarkable disconnection between the representation regarding legality and correctness on the access and dissemination of scientific literature protected by copyright. Third, the motivations that explain the massive use of illegal vias combine practical and evaluative aspects, such as the impossibility of accessing in another way and the ease of use in opposition to legal services and the rejection of the publishing business around scientific literature. /// Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada entre pesquisadores do Argentina sobre os diferentes tipos de acesso à literatura científica, as motivações para o uso da via ilegal, as representações sobre legalidade e correção moral no acesso aos artigos científicos e à ligação entre produtividade e vias de acesso. Ele oferece evidências empíricas de um uso massivo e generalizado de acesso ilegal à literatura científica entre os entrevistados. Dentre as constatações mais notáveis, destaca-se, por um lado, que o uso da modalidade ilegal de acesso não suplanta, mas coexiste com o uso dos canais legais. Por outro lado, há um distanciamento marcante entre a representação quanto à legalidade e a correção quanto ao acesso e divulgação da literatura científica protegida por direitos autorais. Terceiro, as motivações que explicam o uso massivo de canais ilegais combinam aspectos práticos e avaliativos, como a impossibilidade de acesso de outra forma e a facilidade de uso diante dos serviços legais e a rejeição do mercado editorial em torno da literatura científica.