Scenarios

In 1987 William Huss and Edward Honton published the paper “Scenario Planning—What style should you use?”, in which they distinguish three types of scenario development approaches, namely ‘Intuitive Logics’, ‘Trend-Impact Analysis’ and ‘Cross-Impact Analysis’.
In 2002, Heijden, Bradfield, Burt, and Wright (Heijden et al., 2002: 128-129; Bradfield, et al.: 805) stated that the categorization presented above had two problems: the first one relates to the omission of the “La Prospective” methodology which it is for these authors a true school of Scenario Planning; the second one relates to the fact that the “Trend Impact Analysis” and the “Cross Impact Analysis”, although being standalone techniques, share the same foundations, which are anchored in the mathematical improvement of extrapolated time series data. In this sense, these two techniques must be viewed as a coherent group of techniques which, for convenience, those authors called `probabilistic modified trends' (PMT) methodology (Heijden, et al., 2002).
In this article we will present and characterize the three major schools or techniques of Scenario Planning identified by Bradfield et al. (20052): “Intuitive Logics”, the “Probabilistic Modified Trends” and the “La Prospective” methodologies.

Lecture at the University of Colorado at Boulder:
Architect’s roles and profiles will need to change in order to meet the changing nature of our society, the technologies driving it and the expectations of our clients. Professor Peter Russell describes the impact of technologies on Architecture as an object, a profession, a process, a business and as a field of study.

At the start of the spring semester in 2014, I began to teach several sections of Introduction to Global Futures Studies, a new course that, at the end of 2013, I had proposed to teach at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (in both the Seoul and Global campuses). In all three sections I initiated an "Innovations/Issues Change Tracking and Forecasting Term Project" that had to be completed by the end of the semester. This group project (5-7 in a group) included individual reports and a "summary of results" presentation by each group. The report, as a group, was divided into three sections: (1) past changes, (2) present changes, and (3) forecasts of 3-5 scenarios.
First, as an environmental scanning exercise, each student scans online for STEEP innovations and issues to consider for tracking changes through time and then presents the results to the group to analyze, discuss, and select as an innovation or issue to research further. Once selected, students perform another research exercise concerning the origin of the innovation/issue within the time range of 5-25 years ago and the changes tracked until the “present” timeframe. After reporting the results to the group, once again, students analyze and discuss the collected data. Then, in another assignment, students research “present” timeframe impacts and changes to the chosen innovation/issue and report results within the group accordingly. Finally, based on the results of past and present changes, students construct 3-5 scenarios, ranging from either 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 years in the future (choosing ONE of those time frames for the forecast – not all) as a continuation of anticipated changes (from STEEP categories) within the selected time frame as a basis for the scenarios. One scenario is a conservative, base-line scenario, one a "wild card" scenario, while the others are distinct, alternative futures scenarios.
After introducing environmental scanning in general, this paper will report about the stages of development, student experiences, and the results of this Introduction to Global Futures Studies term project.

Keywords:
Environmental scanning, term project, education, futures studies, trend tracking, change tracking, innovations, emerging issues, scenario development, forecasting

This book presents a series of possible future scenarios in wildlife and animal tourism by combining critical thinking and imagination to stimulate reflection and ways forward. The future of wildlife tourism faces uncertainties that revolve around many factors, including climate change, mass wildlife extinction, human population growth, deforestation, sustainability and ethical assumptions. For wildlife tourism to meet these challenges, new ways of thinking are necessary. The chapters in this volume focus on future wildlife tourism development and management; the experiental value, educational components and ethical relevance of tourism-animal encounters; and the technology applied to wildlife tourism. They offer critically-imagined futures in order to encourage readers to reflect on the possibility of shaping a better future. The book will appeal to researchers, students and practitioners in wildlife tourism, environmental studies, sustainability and conservation. MORE info about the content and possibility to order here: https://www.multilingual-matters.com/page/detail/?k=9781845418168

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The books includes 13 intriguing and creative chapters that will make you reflect on important issues such as sustainability, ethics, human-animal relations, wildlife, nature, tourism, the tragedy of the commons, technology, innovation, alternative futures and dragons.

How can we ameliorate the current immigration policies toward Mexican people immigrating to the United States? This study re-examines how the development of scenarios assisted
South Africa to dismantle apartheid without engaging in a bloody civil war. Following the scenario approach, we articulate positions taken by different interest groups involved in the
debate concerning immigration from Mexico. Next, we formulate a set of scenarios which are evaluated as to how well each contributes to the well-being of the populace both of
Mexico and of the United States. The South African scenario model has proven to be an effective tool in times of political disagreement. It fosters a common language among competing
groups, non-hierarchal communication among groups, and acknowledgement of the concerns of each group involved.

Recently, it has been pointed out that the majority of the requirements engineering methods do not take into account non-functional requirements (NFRs) [10][11]. Consequently, we have been experiencing serious problems during the development of software systems, such as cost and schedule overruns. In order to diminish this negligence of NFRs and its consequences, this work proposes a strategy (OONFR) that brings NFRs to object-oriented modeling. The OONFR strategy uses as input a Language Extended Lexicon of the Universe of Discourse (LEL of UofD) and outputs a class diagram with indications of what classes, attributes, operations and relationships are responsible for satisficing 1 NFRs. This strategy consists of the following activities: build the Language Extended Lexicon of Universe of Discourse-NFR (LEL of UofD-NFR), build the scenarios and build the class diagram.

Durante el siglo XVII una serie de artistas como Parigi, Torelli y Sabbattini consolidaron la profesión del Escenógrafo, como expresión del artista global y polifacético, a través de una ingente labor especulativa, plasmada en una tratadistica específica: libretos y tratados, de la misma forma que lograron articular el lenguaje simbólico de la Fiesta Barroca, cuya manifestación apoteósica por excelencia era la Ópera dramática, con una inmensa experiencia práctica en la organización de espectáculos de amplio espectro.

Detailed specifications of urban traffic from different perspectives and scales are crucial for understanding and predicting traffic situations from the view of an autonomous vehicle (AV). We suggest a data-driven specification scheme for maneuvers at different design elements of the built infrastructure and focus on urban roundabouts in Germany. Based on real observations, we define classes of maneuvers, interactions and driving strategies for cyclists, pedestrians and motorized vehicles and define a matrix for merging different maneuvers, resulting in more complex interactions. The sequences of these interactions, which partially consist of explicit communications, are extracted from real observations and adapted into microscopic traffic flow simulations. The simulated maneuver sequences are then visualized in 3D environments and experienced by bicycle simulator test subjects. Using trajectory segments (in fictional space) from two conducted simulator studies, we relate the record...

The future is by its very nature uncertain and unknown, and only by discussion and debate regarding how the future may develop can we adequately prepare for what may lie ahead. A collaborative scenario development process was developed with the European Construction Institute (ECI) Industry Futures Task Force. This involved investigating and debating the range of issues and factors that might impact upon the European construction industry in the next couple of decades, which resulted in the development of four future scenarios for the ...

This article identifies major technological and social uncertainties relevant to
the future of family travel. Future scenarios, constructed using the deductive 2x2 matrix,
or GBN scenario process, depend on two factors that represent key social and technological
change drivers: the demographic growth of unmarried, unattached, non-cohabiting
individuals (“singletons”) and availability of technologically advanced virtual reality
consumer experiences. As demographic shifts, wherein the individual is posed to
outnumber the group as a consumer cohort, and technologies deliver virtual experiences
that compete with a commonly shared reality, what is the future for family tourism and
travel? The four scenarios offer possibilities that contain specific opportunities, threats
and challenges to the family travel industry in 2050.

We develop a novel approach for quantitatively analysing future storylines of change by combining econometric analysis and Monte Carlo simulation for four different storylines of change in the EU's energy innovation system. We explore impacts on three key innovation outcomes: patenting (innovation), co-invention (collaboration), and technology cost reduction (diffusion). We find that diverse mixes of policy instruments stimulate collaborative innovation activity. We find that both RD&D expenditure and trade imports support knowledge generation and exchange, and that these relationships are largely robust to future uncertainty. Conversely, we find that policy durability and stability are only weakly linked to innovation outcomes, suggesting that adaptive policy responding to rapidly changing innovation environments should play an important part of the EU's energy future.

1800'lerde Aydınlanma Çağının bir ürünü olan bilimsellik ve aklın kullanımı, 30 yıl ve 80 yıl savaşlarından sonra gelen 1648 Vestfalya Anlaşması, Üniter Devlet felsefesinin yerleşmesine ve modern devletlerin tarihte boy göstermesine yol açmıştır. Weberci Devlet anlayışının da yerleşmesi ile üniter devletler uluslararası toplum içerisinde kaybolmamak için topraklarını ve üzerinde yaşayan insanlarını korumak için güvenlik politikaları geliştirmişlerdir. Tarihin ilerleyen sayfalarında 1900'lerin başında ve ortasında tecrübe edilen iki Dünya Savaşı öncesinde ve özellikle sonrasında ülkelerin savunmalarını sağlamak için planlama yapmaları gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. 1900'lerin sonuna gelindiğinde geleneksel yapılan planlamaların çok da başarılı olmadığı, nükleer silahlar başta olmak üzere kitle imha silahları ve teknoloji yoğun silah sistemlerinin çok büyük insan kıyımı ile ekonomik çöküşe sebep olduğu görülmüştür. Küreselleşme ile insanlığın sert güç kullanımından ziyade yumuşak güç kullanarak uluslararası barışı sağlamada başarılı olması felsefesi yerleşmeye başlamakla birlikte ulusların kendilerini sadece fiziksel değil birçok parametre ile geniş güvenlik anlayışı ile koruma ihtiyacı devam etmiştir. Gelişen dünya düzeninde devletler artık sadece tahmin edilebilir bir gelecek kalmadığından belirsizliklerden oluşan bir manzume içinde yaşayabilmenin metodlarını bulmak zorunda kalmıştır. Devletlerin, topraklarında yaşayan insan ve canlılarla birlikte yaşamlarını sürdürebilmek ve özel şirketler ise karlılıklarına etkin bir şekilde başarıyla devam etmek için uzun vadeli planlama yapmaları şart olmuştur. Bilgi sistem teknolojilerindeki son gelişmeler uzun dönem planlamalarını, analitik ve yeni bilimsel metodolojiler ile pratik ve kullanılabilir şekilde yapılabilmesini sağlamıştır. Devletlerin güvenliğinden sorumlu olan savunma birimleri ülkenin savunmasını sağlamak için kısa, orta ve uzun vadeli planlamalarını birçok yöntem ile gerçekleştirir iken bu kitap bölümünde belirsizliklerin bol olduğu ortamlarda güçlü yönleriyle öne çıkan bir yöntem olan senaryo analizi yaklaşımı üzerinde durulacaktır. İlerleyen bölümlerde sırasıyla savunma planlaması ile günümüzde geleceğe dair yaşanan belirsizlikler, stratejik planlamada kullanılabilecek bazı bilimsel metodlar, bu metodlardan özel olarak güçlü ve zayıf tarafları ile senaryo analizi, senaryo analizinin gerçekleştirilme aşamaları anlatılacaktır.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to formally introduce the future persona, a futures method to let scenarios come to life. A future persona is a scenario-specific fictional individual living in the future scenario (s)he is meant to depict. The paper provides a formal, systematic and clear step-by-step guide on how to create engaging and effective future personas after a scenario planning exercise.
Design/methodology/approach - After having introduced the future persona method, tracing it back to the customer persona method in user centered design (UCD) and differentiating it from previous uses of futures characters in the futures studies literature and in other domains, an example of the creation process of four future personas based on four scenario archetypes of the futures of work is provided, illustrated with pictures and discussed.
Findings - Future personas, with their narratives and graphical illustrations, are found to be particularly useful to convey scenarios to a target audience.
Practical implications - Futures personas can be used in a scenario planning exercise to increase the clarity of scenarios in the mind of scenario planners and to let scenarios be known inside an organization.
Originality/value - Future personas can substantially enrich scenarios, increasing their liveliness, playfulness and empathy.

Rodriguez-Labajos B, Binimelis R, Monterroso I, Martinez-Alier J. 2009. The arrival of Dreissena polymorpha and Silurus glanis in the Ebro River: Socio-economics of Internlinked aquatic bioinvasions, in "Assessing biodiversity risks with socio-economic methods: The ALARM experience, Pensoft, Sofia-Moskow: 69-112.

This study aims to explore the socio-economic dimensions of the invasions of Dreissena polymorpha and Silurus glanis in a section of the Ebro River. The case allows the comparison of both bioinvasions in terms of policy responses and social attitudes towards aquatic alien species, not only in the Ebro but also in other Iberian watersheds.

In my design workshops, especially in workshops related to strategic design, design-driven innovation, or participatory design, I propose a scenario-based design process. In these processes, scenarios are not only a result of design activity, but a method to guide it.
This presentation synthesizes the process and illustrates a series of tools that can be used in scenario building.

Umbrüche paradigmatischer Zeitperspektiven in Künsten und Wissenschaften Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Verwendung von Perspektiven in »Denkstilen«. 1 Jedoch geht es weniger um räumliche denn vielmehr um temporale Blickwinkel, sprich: Zeitperspektiven. Es erhebt sich die Frage, ob in wissenschaftlichen Denkstilen und künstlerischen Darstellungsstilen je temporale Schemata konstruiert werden, die im Anschluss an Ernst Cassirer und Erwin Panofsky (korrespondierend zur Perspektive) als »symbolische Formen« zu gelten haben. Dabei soll insbesondere beobachtet werden, wie ein mutualer Austausch zwischen wissenschaftlichen Theorien, Methoden und Modellen und künstlerischen Wahrnehmungs-, Darstellungsund Handlungsweisen 2 hinsichtlich der dort wirkenden zeitperspektivischen Paradigmen 3 verfasst ist -und v. a. welche gemeinsamen konzeptionellen Muster Künste und Wissenschaften in Komplizenschaft bringen.

5 7 8 9 12 UN MUNDO EN CAMBIO VERTIGINOSO La acumulación de conocimiento y el cambio tecnológico Las nuevas formas de organizar el trabajo Democracia y organización social Los cambios en la socialización de los individuos LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS EDUCATIVOS Hacia un nuevo paradigma de gestión Seis prioridades estratégicas Nuevas competencias profesionales para la gestión El concepto de competencia CAJA DE HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA PROFESIONALIZACIÓN Contexto y objetivos Alcance de esta propuesta ACTIVIDADES NOTAS PARA LA MEMORIA BIBLIOGRAFÍA EL CAMBIO EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES Hervé, Sérieyx. LA EDUCACIÓN O LA UTOPÍA NECESARIA Jacques, Delors. 19 19 21 23 24 29 29 32 34 35 36 3

In what ways will society, technology and climate of the UK WEF nexus change by 2050? What are the implications for nexus-innovations? How do these changes affect the rate, scale and efficacy of innovation deployment? What can we learn about how to accelerate the scaling up of nexus-innovations?

This presentation reports the findings of Stepping Up's investigation of future water-energy-food scenarios.


Speaker: Claire Hoolohan. Date 17.1.19 Event: Stepping Up end of project meeting, Westminster, London

For 5.000 years, since the first states were created in what is now southern Iraq, governments have been using violence to create political unity and then using politics (and, when necessary, more violence) to create economic and cultural unity everywhere that their power reached. From 3.000 B.C. through the late 1940s, it is hard to find a single example of a state formed in any other way. Since the late 1940s, though, Western Europeans have been turning history's most successful formula on its head. The European union has arguably been the most extraordinary experiment in the history of political institutions, but the reason its accomplishments seemed so boring was that dullness was the bloc's whole point. In committee meeting after the committee meeting, unsung bureaucratic heroes spun of web of rules and regulations that bound the Continent's formerly sovereign states into an economic and cultural unit and then began using economics and culture to create a political unit. De 5.000 de ani, de când primele state au fost create în ceea ce este acum sudul Irakului, guvernele au folosit violența pentru a crea o unitate politică și apoi folosind politica (și, atunci când este necesar, mai multă violență), pentru a crea unitate economică și culturală pretutindeni unde puterea lor a ajuns. Începând cu anul 3.000 î.Hr. până sfârșitul anilor 1940, este greu de găsit un singur exemplu de stat format în orice alt mod. Totuși, de la sfârșitul anilor 1940, europenii occidentali, au întors cu susul în jos cea mai de succes formulă din istorie. Uniunea Europeană a fost, fără îndoială, experimentul cel mai extraordinar din istoria instituțiilor politice, dar motivul pentru care realizările sale păreau atât de plictisitoare era monotonia care reprezenta întregul bloc. după reuniunea comisiei, în ședință, eroii birocrației necântați de normele și reglementările care au impus limitări fostelor state suverane de pe continent transformându-le într-o unitate economică și culturală care a început prin folosirea economiei și culturii pentru a crea o unitate politică.

In a turbulent environment characterized by unexpected events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, a sharp oil price decline, and dramatic economic crises, many organizations face not only challenges but also an “identity crisis” as they are unable to respond to the question "who are we as an organization?" Some organizations may concurrently hold multiple identities without being clear on whether these are shared and agreed upon, and on their role in potentially disruptive futures. In response to this challenge and addressing a methodological gap in the broader futures and foresight field, we draw on both futures and foresight as well as management and organization literature to propose a new organizational foresight method: Identity Wind Tunneling (IWT). Designed as an enhancement of wind tunneling approaches, IWT allows an organization to understand, test, and manage multiple organizational identities. Furthermore, IWT facilitates the alignment of organizational identities across a range of possible futures created during a scenario planning process with the ultimate goal of finding a strategic identity. This represents the central, enduring, and distinctive role that the organization embodies while pursuing a long-term and holistic strategic direction that is robust across all scenarios. The strategic identity either clarifies or reimagines the identity of the organization. The paper provides a step-by-step explanation of how to implement IWT and presents a case study of its application. The method is also presented with a series of open-source templates created on the whiteboard collaborative platform Miro (https://miro.com/app/board/ o9J_kqakY js=/).

This report is published in parallel with FFI-report 2019//00046 A Future Nordic Alliance?
Prerequisites and Possible Operations. That report argues against the conventional wisdom that
Nordic security and defense cooperation is destined to fail, demonstrating that Nordic security
and defense cooperation, including joint Nordic military operations, is both feasible and desirable.

This report supplements by presenting the scope for future Nordic operations in three different
scenarios: a situation in which Russia exercises coercive diplomacy towards Norway; a situation
involving a limited fait accompli; and, finally, a large Russian attack on three Nordic countries,
albeit for limited objectives. The scenarios show ways in which Nordic operations may be useful,
in situations involving varying degrees of force and of cooperation with countries outside the
Nordic region. The report demonstrates how Nordic operations are particularly relevant for the
present politico-military challenges, where a short response time, the political effects of military
support and possessing military instruments tailored to the situation become ever more important.

We propose a scenario planning method that combines quantitative text analysis
with the creation of scenario narratives. We design a variation in the scenario archetypes method (Dator, Journal of Futures Studies, 14, 1–18, 2009), a futures method to create four archetypal scenarios based on four predetermined generic alternative futures named continued growth, collapse, discipline, and transformation. In our variation, we extract archetypal information on the futures from documents about the future via quantitative text analytic techniques, and qualitatively elaborate this information into comprehensive narrative scenarios. This method can harness the abundance of unstructured textual data, significantly reducing the time employed to collect the relevant building block information to write scenarios without decreasing the scenarios’ quality. On the contrary, the text analytic algorithm we use allows us to identify very rich and archetype‐specific information. We present the result of an application of this method in a case study on the futures of work. The method's contributions to the futures literature and limitations are discussed.

abstract: Tragedy of small power politics: geostrategic perspectives of Czechia through the lenses of offensive neorealism – The article introduces theoretically deduced scenarios as an interesting method promising an enhanced practical relevance for social geography. The importance of scenarios is given by their affinity to planning, decision-making and their central position in countless public debates. The article illustrates the promises and deficiencies of scenario-building efforts by constructing scenarios of the Czech geopolitical future. The scenarios , which are based on the theory of offensive neorealism, show that in the case of U.S. withdrawal from Europe, Czechia will face a highly competitive and dangerous geopolitical environment. Unfortunately, if China continues to grow, such a future seems to be (according to the theory) inevitable. Offensive neorealism allows to identify the crucial factors of Czechia's current security situation and to outline the main contours of its geopolitical future. As a result, the theory provides an interesting springboard for a theoretical and application development of classical geopolitics. key words scenarios – geopolitics – offensive neorealism – theory – Czechia kofroň, j. (2016): Tragédie malého státu: geostrategické perspektivy Česka podle ofenzivního neorealismu. Geografie, 121, 2, 324–347. Do redakce došlo v březnu 2015, přijato do tisku v prosinci 2015.

Von den Veröffentlichungen der Lehrstuhlinhaber für Demographie und anderer
Bevölkerungswissenschaftler in den 1970er Jahren zu einer Enquete-Kommission
zum Thema über drei Legislaturperioden über den Jahrtausendwechsel hinweg, hatte
der Demographische Wandel einen weiten Weg ins Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung
zurückzulegen (vgl. HOHMEIER/ POHL 1978; KROHN 1978; LEHR 1978a,b; BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR JUGEND, FAMILIE UND GESUNDHEIT 1979; HÖHN 1979;
SCHMID, J. 1979; SCHWARZ 1979; WINGEN 1979; DEUTSCHER BUNDESTAG 2002).
Ein Marketingprogramm der Bundesregierung namens demotrans konnte Anregungen
im Bereich Arbeitspolitik geben (vgl. BUCK 2005, Z. 8-101). Finanzierungslücken in der
Pflegeversicherung zeigen schlaglichtartig eine zukünftig größere Bevölkerungsgruppe
an sehr alten Menschen auf (vgl. WEISS 2005). Bundesfamilienministerin von
der Leyen muss starke Überzeugungsarbeit innerhalb ihrer Partei und im Kabinett
leisten, um das Thema Kinderbetreuung als vordringlich zu benennen. All dies sind
Fragmente eines seit Jahren und Jahrzehnten, und wie zu zeigen sein wird, schon
seit einem Jahrhundert andauerndem Wandel, der unter dem Namen Demographischer
Übergang oder öfter Demographischer Wandel viele, wenn nicht alle politischen, gesellschaftlichen und somit auch wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen der
kommenden Jahrzehnte beeinflussen oder sogar dominieren kann.
Wesentlich sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Abhängigkeiten der Entwicklungen der
Altersgruppen in der Bevölkerung untereinander. Alterung ist kein Problem der Alten,
Kinderlosigkeit nicht nur ein Problem der Paare im zeugungs- und gebärfähigen Alter
(vgl. BIRG 2005). Eine Gesellschaft als Aggregat seiner Teile spiegelt diesen Umschwung wider, in dem sich nicht nur die Altersgruppen untereinander verschieben,
sondern der Median, das mittlere Altersjahr, stetig wächst. Es wird hier von einer
alternden Gesellschaft gesprochen.

Although both science fiction and professional foresight work both are engaged with what the future might look like, they operate mostly independently from one another. A literature search reveals the characteristics of written science fiction and foresight, seeking ways these practices could be successfully combined. Concepts are explored through the example of agriculture and agricultural technology as well as technologies for constructing narrative semantics. Approaches are outlined for generating foresight scenarios and for creating a semantic tagging system for generating a semantic space for scenarios using intellectual technologies from science fiction.

Design education needs to recognise the changing world it services. The way that we live our lives is very different to that of our parents. No doubt the way our children will live their lives will be very different to ours. We exist in an ever changing world. Design education must recognise this constant change and develop long term strategies that enable designers to not only be aware of, but play a major role in this change. Futures thinking – the systematic study of the future – provides design with a structured approach to consider potential futures.

This paper presents key findings from a foresight study on the "Future of Learning", which employed a series of structured stakeholder consultations, in different formats, involving experts, policy makers and teachers, to envisage how and what European citizens will learn in 2020-2030. The overall vision is that personalisation, collaboration and informalisation (informal learning) will be at the core of learning in the future. This article argues, based on a series of online expert consultations, in favour of formal education and training moving towards more personalised learning strategies in multi-cultural environments, stronger integration of external learning opportunities and greater institutional openness. In relation to future careers it foresees increased professional flexibility, flatter hierarchies and open knowledge exchange. In addition, experts emphasize the importance of recognizing informally acquired skills. Research on technologies for learning should contribute to realising these changes and provide evidence, applications and tools to effectively support flexible, targeted and tailor-made learning opportunities.

Many music festivals fail because the experiences offered do not ensure relevance and meaning to the attendee. Engagement with new and virtual landscapes and with the enhanced sensory feelings and imaginations that technologies can offer may alleviate this. Utilizing a futures frame, this conceptual article contributes to the pursuit of successful future event design by applying a normative visionary methodology-employing trend analysis, scenarios, and science fiction to create prototypes that may assist in the formation of appropriate experience options and opportunities for music festivals of the future. It is proposed that this technique may aid positive social outcomes.

Science-fiction comics and graphic novels portray realistic scenarios of how our cities may evolve. These are based on the extrapolation of present trends as well as speculation, “what if” scenarios that can inform us about past, present and future. The objective of this paper is to study these and assess how they can change the way we think about future cities in design. This will be achieved by studying 15 comics and applying a four matrices onto them. A spatiotemporality matrix will be applied as well as a thematic matrix which will be a first comparative analysis to understand how these worlds are constructed. A city type matrix and a matrix of extrapolation and speculation will form a second comparative analysis which will determine what we can learn from the types of cities depicted as well as the methods to reach them.