System Simulation

The solidification behavior of liquid metal in a container under rapid cooling process is one of the major concerns to be analyzed. In order to analyze its fundamental behavior, a three- dimensional (3D) fluid dynamics simulation was developed using a particle-based method, known as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. Governing equations that determine the fluid motion and heat transfer involving phase change process are solved by discretizing their gradient and Laplacian term with the moving particles and calculating the interaction with its neighboring particles. The results demonstrate that the SPH mehod can successfully reproduce the behavior and defect prediction of liquid metal solidification process.

This work presents a top-down design methodology for a behavioral modeling System, based on smart sensors for aerospace structures monitoring, implemented on a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The modeled acquisition platform in this aeronautic health monitoring systems (AHMS) is built using the following specific sensors: humidity, pressure, temperature, stress and acceleration. For this application it has been implemented frequency acquisition techniques ensuring

Research on more productive and sustainable sugarcane production systems would be aided by a comprehensive simulator of the sugarcane crop that is cognisant of a broader crop-soil-management system. A sugarcane crop model is described that can be deployed in the APSIM framework for agricultural systems simulation. The model operates on a daily time step, grows a leaf canopy, uses intercepted radiation to produce assimilate, and partitions this assimilate into leaf, structural stalk and sugar. The crop physiological processes represented in the model respond to the radiation and temperature environment and are sensitive to water and nitrogen supply. The model simulates growth, water use, N accumulation, sugar dry weight and fresh cane yield for plant and ratoon crops in response to climate, soil, management and genotypic factors. The model was developed on 35 datasets from Australia, Hawaii, South Africa and Swaziland, covering a wide range of crop classes, latitudes, water regimes and nitrogen supply conditions. Coefficients of determination for model predictions compared to observed data included 0.79 for LAI, 0.93 for crop biomass, 0.83 for stalk sucrose and 0.86 for N accumulation in above ground tissues. The particular strengths of this model are discussed in the context of agricultural systems simulation.

This paper examines the interrelationships between public transport and road pricing at both theoretical and empirical grounds. First, the main decision parameters of the interplay between road pricing and public transport are reviewed and appropriate methodological approaches are identified. A set of policies which aim at improving urban public transport ridership and reducing private vehicle use, are considered on the basis of a flexible consumer demand system and evaluated through simulation experiments. The experiments focus on the hypothetical implementation of a national distance-based road charging policy package in Greece. The simulation results indicate that a suitably designed policy package can significantly enhance modal split in favor of public transport without significantly increasing the level of road user charges. To be more specific, for a nation-wide scheme, a combination of an optimal vehicle-km charge (in terms of the optimal fuel price index share required to achieve the desired urban public transport expenditure share) with a half-fare policy results in a considerable reduction of the private vehicle expenditure share, but with a much lower level of road user charge. For the highly urbanized region of Attica, the imposition of the optimal vehicle-km charge per se (without affecting urban transit fares) can provide the largest benefits, in terms of considerably reducing private vehicle share and attaining the target level of urban public transport share.

... The thermoelectric module is clamped between a cooling jacket and a heater block. The heater block is made from aluminum. ... To control the hot-end temperature T H , the coolant flow through the cooling jacket is turned on and off by two control valves installed in the flow lines. ...