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    تقرير السمنت

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    سجاد علي جابر حبيب D
    This document provides information about a cement testing group project at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It lists the group members and provides background on cement, including what it is, how it works, and the chemical compounds involved in its production. It then outlines several standardized tests for cement, including procedures for determining standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, and fineness. The goal is to characterize the properties of cement and ensure it meets industry standards.

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    تقرير السمنت

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    سجاد علي جابر حبيب D
    22 views20 pages
    This document provides information about a cement testing group project at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It lists the group members and provides background on cement, including what it is, how it works, and the chemical compounds involved in its production. It then outlines several standardized tests for cement, including procedures for determining standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, and fineness. The goal is to characterize the properties of cement and ensure it meets industry standards.

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    This document provides information about a cement testing group project at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It lists the group members and provides background on cement, including what it is, how it works, and the chemical compounds involved in its production. It then outlines several standardized tests for cement, including procedures for determining standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, and fineness. The goal is to characterize the properties of cement and ensure it meets industry standards.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views20 pages

    تقرير السمنت

    Uploaded by

    سجاد علي جابر حبيب D
    This document provides information about a cement testing group project at the University of Baghdad College of Engineering. It lists the group members and provides background on cement, including what it is, how it works, and the chemical compounds involved in its production. It then outlines several standardized tests for cement, including procedures for determining standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, and fineness. The goal is to characterize the properties of cement and ensure it meets industry standards.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

    University of Baghdad
    College of Engineering
    Civil engineering

    Concrete technology
    Cement tset
    2022-2023

    Group No.1

    1- Bakr Abood

    2- Shames alden duyaa

    3- Sajad ali

    4- Baqer mohammed

    5-Mohammad Baqir mothna

    6-Noor alzahraa Firas

    7-Maryam abdull sattar

    8- Murtadha Alaa

    9-Haneen adel
    A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets,
    hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together.
    Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and
    gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate
    produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces
    concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and
    is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.

    is a bonding material which reacts with water to bond the


    construction material together. It has the property of setting and
    hardening with presence of water this operation is calls hydration
    of cement.

    is the process of mixing water with cement to produce


    new compounds that give the strength to the concrete mix.

    : prepared by burning two raw materials (Lime


    stone calcite and clay materials), these materials consist of (CaO,
    Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, SO3 and other oxides).
    1. Ordinary Portland cement (O.P.C)
    2. Portland blast furnace cement
    3. Rapid-Hardening Portland cement
    4. Low – heat Portland cement
    5. Sulphate resisting Portland cement

    1. C3S (3CaO.SiO)
    2. C2S (2CaO.SiO )
    3. C3A (3CaO.AL2O)
    4. C4AF (4CaO.AL2O3.Fe2O)

    1. Standard consistency. 2. Setting time. 3. Compressive strength.


    4.Fineness. 5. Soundness.
    (I.Q.S. No.5-2019) and (EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement - Part 3).

    to get the required amount of water to have cement


    paste with standard consistency and to use it in other tests.

    1. Vicat apparatus:
    a. (Plunger Ø (10 ±0.05) mm and length (50 ±1) mm.
    b. Vicat mould (cylindrical or preferably truncated conical form
    (40.0 ± 0.2) mm high and
    an internal diameter of (75 ± 10) mm.
    c. base-plate larger than the mould and at least ( 2.5 ) mm thick.
    2. Graduated cylinder.
    3. Balance.
    4. Stop watch.
    5. Spatula.
    1. Take a suitable amount of w/c and (400) gm of cement.
    2. From w∕c ratio calculate the required water For example:
    w/c =0.25 → water/400 =0.25 → w =100 gm
    3. Take the time from the moment of adding water to cement.
    4. Mix the cement with the amount of calculated water for about
    (240± 5) sec.

    5. Put the cement past in vicat mould during 15 sec. then drop Vicat
    plunger.
    6. If the penetration is (5±1) mm from the base we recommend the
    w/c used.
    7. If the penetration is less or more than (5±1) mm from the base
    we must choose another ( w/c ) and repeat all the steps above.
    to measure the setting time of the cement paste and
    compare it with the (I.Q.S- No.5 2019).
    the period from adding water to cement until
    the Initial setting time needle of vicat apparatus stops to penetrate
    in cement paste at a distance not less than 5 mm from the base. The
    period for this process should not be less than 45 min.
    the period from adding water to cement until
    the final setting time needle of vicat apparatus leaves a trace on the
    top surface of the cement paste, this process should not exceed ten
    hour.

    1. Vicat apparatus:
    a. (Initial setting time needle Ø (1.13 ±0.05) mm and length (50 ±1)
    mm.
    b. Vicat mould (cylindrical or preferably truncated conical form (40
    ± 0.2) mm high and an internal diameter of (75 ± 10) mm.
    c. base-plate larger than the mould and at least (2.5) mm thick.
    2. Graduated cylinder.
    3. Balance.
    4. Stop watch.
    5. Spatula.
    1. Take (400) gm of cement and mix it with the amount water
    (obtained from the standard consistency test).
    2. Take the time from the moment of adding water to cement.
    3. Put the paste in Vicat mould, then lower the needle to be in
    contact with the cement paste surface at a distance not less than 10
    mm from the edge of the vicat mould.
    4. Repeat the penetration process in different positions (not less
    than 10 mm from each position), till we reach (5) mm from the base
    of Vicat apparatus.

    5. Record the time period from adding water to cement till we reach
    the (5) mm from the base.
    1 1
    2 15
    3 33
    4 45
    5 63

    For the initial setting time not less than 45 minutes and for the final
    setting time not more than 10 hours.
    : it represents the compressive force
    carried on specimen divided by the area of specimen exposed to
    this force.

    1. The mould shall consist of three horizontal compartments so that


    three prismatic specimens (40 mm × 40 mm in cross section and
    160 mm in length) can be prepared simultaneously.
    2. Jolting apparatus.
    3. Set of sieves.
    4. Graduated cylinder.
    5. Balance.
    6. Spatula.
    1. The mix proportions shall be one part of cement to three parts
    of Standard sand and one half part of water (w/c = 0.5).

    Standard sand shall comply with the particle size


    distribution specified in table below as determined by sieve analysis
    on a representative sample of sand of total mass not less than
    1345gm. Sieving shall be continued until the amount of sand
    passing through each sieve is less than 0.5 gm/min.
    2.00 1.60 1.00 0.50 0.16 0.08
    0 7±5 33±5 67±5 87±5 99±1
    0 94.5 351 459 270 175.5
    2. Each batch for three test specimens shall consist of (450 ± 2) gm
    of cement, (1350 ± 5) gm of standard sand and (225 ± 1) gm of
    water.
    3. Place the water and the cement into the bowl, taking care to avoid
    loss of water or cement, immediately the water and cement are
    brought into contact, start the mixer at the low speed whilst
    starting the timing of the mixing stages. In addition, record the
    time to the nearest minute, as ‘zero time’. After (30) sec. of
    mixing, add the sand steadily during the next (30) sec. Switch the
    mixer to the high speed and continue the mixing for an additional
    (30) sec. Stop the mixer for (90) sec. During the first (30) sec.

    remove by means of a rubber or plastic scraper the mortar adhering


    to the wall and bottom part of the bowl and place in the middle of
    the bowl, continue the mixing at the high speed for (60)sec.

    4. Mould the specimens immediately after the preparation of the


    mortar. With the mould and hopper firmly clamped to the jolting
    table, using a suitable scoop, in one or more increments, the first of
    two layers of mortar (each about 300 gm) into each of the mould
    compartments, directly from the mixing bowl.
    5. Spread the layer uniformly using a large spreader, held almost
    vertically with its shoulders in contact with the top of the hopper
    and drawn forwards
    and backwards once along each mould compartment. Then compact
    the first mortar layer using (60) jolts of the jolting apparatus, then
    add the second layer of mortar, ensuring that there is a surplus of
    mortar. Level with the small spreader and compact the layer with a
    further (60) jolts.
    6. Lift the mould gently from the jolting table and remove the
    hopper. Immediately strike off the excess mortar with the metal
    straightedge, held almost vertically but inclined in the direction of
    striking. Move slowly pulling with a transverse sawing motion once
    in each direction. Repeat this striking off procedure with the
    straightedge held at a more acute angle to smooth the surface. Wipe
    off the mortar left on the perimeter of the mould as a result of the
    striking-off. Label or mark the moulds for identification purposes.

    7. Place a plate of glass, steel or other impermeable material which


    does not react with cement of approximate size 210 mm × 185 mm
    × 6 mm on the mould.
    8. Open the molds after 24 hours then submerge the marked
    specimens without delay, either horizontally or vertically, in water
    at (20.0 ± 1.0) °C in the containers. With horizontal storage, keep
    vertical faces as cast vertical.
    9. Test each prism half by loading its side faces using the
    compressive strength machine. It shall be placed between two
    plates to transmit the load of the machine to the compression
    surfaces of the mortar specimen.

    10. Calculate the Compressive strength Rc.


    Compressive strength Rc (N/mm2)= Fc /A
    Fc (N) =failure load (Fc1+ Fc2+ Fc3)/3 , A= area of surface load
    (1600mm2)
    1. kg = Ib/2.204
    2. N = Ib x 9.8/2.204

    Fc1 = 7750 Ib Fc1 = 15840 Ib


    Fc2 = 7800 Ib Fc2 = 15390 Ib
    Fc3 = 7920 Ib Fc3 = 15660 Ib
    to determine the specific surface area for cement by
    measuring the time required for a specific volume of air to pass
    through a porous media of cement with a known surface area. This
    operation is prepared in blain apparatus.

    1. Put amount of specific sample (w) with a known surface area γ in


    permeability cell.
    2. Compress the sample by metal piston to record the standard
    volume.
    3. Blow the air from point A to let the liquid rise to point B, then
    close the valve.
    4. Record the time required for the liquid to flow from point C to
    point D
    5. Repeat the whole method on the cement sample required to be
    measured.
    𝛾𝛾=𝛾𝛾𝑠𝑠 √Ts√T
    This equation is used when the variance in the temperature of the
    calibration test is (±3) °C.
    Where :
    γ = specific surface area for the tested sample (cm2/gm)
    γs=specific surface area for the standard sample (cm2/gm)
    T=Time required for liquid to pass from point C to D (seconds) for
    the tested sample.
    Ts=Time required for liquid to pass from point C to D (seconds) for
    the standard sample.

    The cement paste once it sets, does not undergo a large change in
    volume, in particular there must be no appreciable expansion which
    could result in a disruption of hardened of cement paste. There are
    two tests to obtain the soundness of cement.
    1- Le Chatelier test.
    2- Autoclave test.
    W/C = 0.4
    W/400=0.4
    W=160 gm

    A-The compressive strength test after 2 days of curing


    It is shown in the table below

    Test after 2 days of curing


    Fc1 =5000 ib
    Fc2 =4000 ib
    Fc3 =5000 ib

    We convert ib to N
    Fc1 = 5000 x 9.8/2.204 =22232.3N
    Fc2 = 4000 x 9.8/2.204 = 17785.84N
    Fc3 =5000 x 9.8/2.204 = 22232.3N
    Fc = (Fc1 + Fc2 + Fc3 )/3 = (22232.3+17785.84+22232.3)/3
    Fc = 20750.14N
    Rc =Fc/A =20750.14/1600 = 12.96 MPa
    B-The compressive strength test after 28 days of curing
    It is shown in the table below
    test after 28 days of curing
    Fc1 =11000 ib
    Fc2 =11000 ib
    Fc3 =12000 ib

    We convert ib to N
    Fc1 = 11000 x 9.8/2.204 =48911. 07N
    Fc2 = 11000 x 9.8/2.204 =48911. 07 N
    Fc3 = 12000 x 9.8/2.204 = 53357.5 N

    Fc = (Fc1 + Fc2 + Fc3 )/3 = (48911. 07+48911. 07+53357.5)/3


    Fc = 50393.2 N
    Rc =Fc/A =50393.2 /1600 = 31.495MPa
    1- Standard Consistency: we took the water cement ratio
    W/C =0.4 and amount of cement is 400gm
    After that we got penetration =5 mm
    When we compare to IQS NO.5/2019 the penetration should be
    (5±1) mm
    So. The W/C ratio is the best W/C ratio we taken.
    2- Setting Time : Each group took different W/C ratio
    Then we made graphic relationship between W/C ratio and
    penetration for each group.
    According to IQS NO.5/2019 the penetration should be (5±1) mm so
    we intersect the 5 mm penetra on y-axis with the curvy.
    So. We got W/C ration equal to 0.4 and we calculate the amount of
    water
    then we got penetration from base 0 mm during 45 min
    So when we compare to IQS NO.5/2019 the penetration from the
    base should be not more 5mm during 45 min
    So the sample is acceptable.
    3- Compressive Strength:
    So according to Iraqi Standard specification (I.Q.S.)No.5/2019
    Early strength (two days) should be More than 10 MPa
    12.96 >10
    Standard strength (28 days) should be More than 32.5 MPa
    31.495<32.5
    So according to Iraqi Standard specification (I.Q.S.)No.5/2019
    The sample is rejected because it less the mimum number.

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