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Siksha Srijan Academy Of Technology and Management
SIKSHA SRIJAN ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT
Contact : 7449393135 / 6291355543
ICSE class 8
Computer
What is Cyber? The term, ‘Cyber’ is used in relation to the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality. The connection between internet ecosystems forms cyberspace. The threat to cyberspace leads to an issue and gives rise to the need for cybersecurity
Threats to Cyberspace:
1. Interconnectedness of Sectors 2. Increase in the number of exposure points 3. Concentration of assets
As per the NITI Aayog report, the threats to cyberspace have increased dramatically over the last 10 years. The cyber attacks lead to the exposure of:
1. Sensitive information 2. Personal information and 3. Business information
The need for Cyber Security
Cyber Security protects the cyberspace from the following:
1. Cyber Attacks 2. Damage to Cyberspace 3. Misuse of Cyberspace 4. Economic Espionage
Cyber Security – Evolution
With the introduction of cyberattacks, cybersecurity initiatives have evolved. They are mentioned in the table below:
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Evolution of Cyber Security
Issues Cyber Security
Initiatives
Virus (1990s) Anti-Virus
Firewalls
Worms (2000) Intrusion Detection and
Prevention
Botnets (2000s DLP, Application-aware
– Present) Firewalls, SIM
APT Insiders Network Flow Analysis
(Present)
Cyber Threats and Cyber Security
There are types of cyber attacks that have evolved over a period of time:
1. Virus – It is a malware that self-replicates and spreads by inserting copies of
itself into other executable code or documents. 2. Hacking Websites – An unauthorized access to any website belonging in a personal or professional space 3. Malicious Codes – It is a kind of security threat where any code present in software tends to bring harmful effects, breach the security of the system, or bring damage to the system. 4. Advanced Worm and Trojan – This is again a malware that camouflages as a regular software however once accessed, brings damage to the hard drive, background systems and corrupts allocation systems 5. Identity Theft and Phishing – It is a cyber attack involving fraudulent emails posing as authorized entities in order to induce people to reveal their information (personal and professional.) 6. DOS, DDOS – DOS stands for Denial-of-Service attack, and DDOS stands for Distributed Denial-of-Service attack. The attackers make the machine or network unavailable by disrupting services of the host network through the flood of superfluous requests to overload systems. And when such flooding of requests comes from various ends, it is termed as DDOS. 7. Cyber Espionage – Usually when a government’s or important organization’s privacy is posed at risk due to illegal use of computer networks to seek confidential information.
Prepared by Swarnajit Mukherjee Page 3 of 8 Siksha Srijan Academy Of Technology and Management 8. Cyber Warfare – Deliberately attacking the information systems through the use of computer technology to disrupt the state’s activities, especially for military purposes.
Cyber Attacks in India
The topmost causes of cyber attacks are:
1. Phishing and Social Engineering
2. Malware 3. Spear Phishing 4. Denial of Service 5. Out of Date Software Ransomware
The table below gives the list of cyberattacks that India has witnessed in the past:
Cyber Description of the
Attacks in Cyber Attacks India
Coronavirus Microsoft has reported
Pandemic that cyber crooks are Based Cyber using Covid-19 situation Attack in 2020 to defraud people through phishing and ransomware in India and the world
Phishing Union Bank of India
heist in July 2016
Wannacry In May 2017, various
Ransomware computer networks in India were locked down by the ransom-seeking hackers.
Data Theft In May 2017, the food
tech company Zomato faced the theft of information of 17 million
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users.
Petya Container handling
Ransomware functions at a terminal operated by the Danish firm AP Moller-Maersk at Mumbai’s Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust got affected
Mirai Botnet In September 2016,
Mirai malware launched a DDoS attack on the website of a well-known security expert.
Cyber Security – Who are the Cyber Attackers?
There are kinds of cyber players who harm cybersecurity:
As per the Niti Ayog report, the following are the sets of the group behind the cybersecurity breaches
Outsiders
Internal Actors
State-affiliated actors
Multiple parties
Attacks in partnerships
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Organized Criminal Groups
Find the difference between Malware and Virus by visiting the linked article.
Cyber Security – Cyber Swachhta Kendra
It is the Botnet Cleaning and Malware Analysis Centre under the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The aim of Cyber Swachhta Kendra is to promote awareness among Indian citizens to secure their data in computers, mobile phones, and other electronic devices.
Cyber Security – Indian Laws & Government Initiatives
There are various legislations that support cybersecurity in India. The table below mentions these:
Laws Important Facts
related to Cyber Security in India
Information Came into force in
and October 2000 Technology Also called Indian Act, 2000 Cyber Act Provide legal recognition to all e- transactions To protect online privacy and curb online crimes
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Security Definition of Cyber Cafe Digital Signature Recognizing the role of CERT-In To authorize the inspector to investigate cyber offenses against DSP who was given the charge earlier
National Indian Government is
Cyber coming up with the Security National Cyber Security Strategy Strategy 2020 entailing 2020 the provisions to secure cyberspace in India. The cabinet’s nod is pending and it will soon be out for the public.
Cyber MeitY in collaboration with
Surakshit National e-Governance Bharat Division (NeGD) came up Initiative with this initiative in 2018 to build a cyber-resilient IT set up
Q1
What is Cyber Crime?
A crime that involves a computer and a network to induce attacks in an individual’s, businesses’ and governments’ privacy.
What is Select Case ?
Select Case is a conditional statement, that helps you test a variable for equality against a set of values. Each value is referred to as a case, and a variable that is being switched on should be checked for all the select cases. Prepared by Swarnajit Mukherjee Page 7 of 8 Siksha Srijan Academy Of Technology and Management
The Select Case statement provides you with an easy way of testing for the contents of a variable. However, it is only suitable for use when a variable in question has only a limited number of options.
Syntax of Select Case Statement in VB.Net
The Select Case statement is declared in VB.Net using following syntax: Select [ Case ] your_expression [ Case expression_list [ statement(s) ] ] [ Case Else [ else statement(s) ] ] End Select
while Loops ( Condition-Controlled Loops )
Both while loops and do-while loops ( see below ) are condition-controlled, meaning that they continue to loop until some condition is met. Both while and do-while loops alternate between performing actions and testing for the stopping condition. While loops check for the stopping condition first, and may not execute the body of the loop at all if the condition is initially false. Syntax:
while( condition )
body;
where the body can be either a single statement or a block of statements within { curly braces }.
1. Example:
int i = 0;
while( i < 5 )
printf( "i = %d\n", i++ );
printf( "After loop, i = %d\n", i );
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