1

Technology and
Livelihood Education 8
Exploratory Course
Quarter in
Electronic Products Assembly
2

and Servicing (EPAS)

2

Technology and Livelihood Education –Grade 8(EPAS)

Quarter 2 – Module7: Measuring Components & Specifications
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

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these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Neil O. Gagarino
Content Reviewer: Vicente B. Lao
Technical Reviewer:
Illustrator:
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Manuel A. Laguerta
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisor

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City

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TLE-EPAS 8
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 7
PERFORMING MENSURATION AND
CALCULATION (PMC)
Lesson 7: Measuring Components & Specifications
LO 1. Select measuring instrument
LO.1.1 Identify object or component to be measured
LO.1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
4

Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 8- Electronic Products

Assembly and Servicing (Exploratory Course) Self-Learning Module on Measuring
Components & Specifications

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
5

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 8- Electronic

Products Assembly and Servicing (Exploratory Course) Self-Learning Module on
Measuring Components & Specifications

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
6

EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. identify the different electronic components to be measured;
2. obtain correct specification or value of electronic components;
3. appreciate the importance of specification in measuring components.

PRETEST

Directions: Write ✓ if you agree with the statement  if the statement is wrong.
Write your answer on the space provided.

___________1. Resistor works on the basis of the Ohm’s law principle that states that
"voltage applied across a resistor's terminals is directly proportional to
the current flowing through it.”
___________2. 1/4 Watt is the standard and typical value of capacitor.
___________3. The capacitor has the ability to store the current measured in Ohms.
___________4. The most crucial part when identifying transistor is their hFE or
"Hybrid parameter forward current gain, common collector" value.
___________5. Integrated circuit is a special component that is manufactured with
thousands of transistors, resistors, diodes and other electronic
components on a tiny silicone chip.

RECAP
DIRECTIONS: Read the questions carefully. Answer the questions based on your
own understanding and write your answer on the space provided.

1. Why is it necessary to clean up the system unit at a regular basis? How does
cleaning a system unit help maintain the internal components?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
7

LESSON
Measuring Components & Specifications
There are various electronic components used in creating an electronic circuit.
Circuit designs are never complete without these components or have not performed
well. It includes the following: resistors, capacitors, coils, diodes, transistors,
integrated circuits, etc. Two or more terminals that are soldered to circuit boards
consist of several of these components. Some types, such as integrated circuits where
various semiconductor devices are integrated or bundled.

Electronic components can be classified based on application like active, passive,

and electromechanical.
➢ Active Components - To produce electric power, these components are
used to amplify electrical signals. It includes oscillator, IC & transistor.
➢ Passive Components – These components do not depend on a power
source. It includes the following: resistors, inductors, transformers &
capacitors.
➢ Electromechanical Components - To make certain mechanical
adjustments, such as spinning a motor, these components use an
electric signal. These components typically use electrical current to
form a magnetic field such that it is possible to induce physical
movement.
What are the components to be measured and its specifications?
➢ Resistors ➢ Diodes
➢ Capacitors ➢ Transistors
➢ Coils ➢ IC’s
Resistors

A resistor is used to oppose or limit the flow of current,

is a two-terminal passive electronic component.
Resistor works on the basis of the Ohm’s law principle
that states that "voltage applied across a resistor's
terminals is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it.”
V=IR
The unit of resistance is ohms (Ω). The resistance of a conductor is said to be one
Ohm according to Ohm's law, when a constant current of one ampere flows through
it for an applicable potential difference of one volt.

The resistance 'R', in other words, be defined as the voltage ratio applied to the
current flowing through the conductor. R=I/V

Where R = Conductor resistance in Ohms

V = Voltage in Volts applied I = Ampere Current
8

Identifying Resistors:
Resistors are one of the most important components, the most basic, essential, &
passive electronic component.

Resistors are further classified based on the following specifications such as the
power rating, type of material used, and resistance value. Thus, resistor types are
used for different applications.
Watt = 1/4 Watt, the standard and typical value

Power Body Body Lead Lead diameter

rating length (l) diameter (d) length (a) (da)
Watt Mm mm mm mm
1/8
3.0 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.3 28 ± 3 0.45 ± 0.05
(0.125)
1/4 (0.25) 6.5 ± 0.5 2.5 ± 0.3 28 ± 3 0.6 ± 0.05
1/2 (0.5) 8.5 ± 0.5 3.2 ± 0.3 28 ± 3 0.6 ± 0.05
1 11 ± 1 5 ± 0.5 28 ± 3 0.8 ± 0.05
If the current through the resistor is intended to be above 200 milliamps, the form
of wire wound will be chosen. Basically, for the given location in the circuit, the watt
parameter specifies how much current the resistor can safely bear.

Surface mount Resistors

Surface mount resistors come in number of size and
shape packages approved by the EIA (Electronic Industry
Alliance). These are created by depositing a film of
resistive material and due to the limited size, they do not
have enough room for color code bands.

As an indication, the tolerance can be as low as 0.02% and consists of 3 or 4 letters.

A tiny 0.60mm x 0.30mm resistor is the smallest size of the 0201 package and this
three-number code acts on wire-ended resistors in a similar manner to the color code
bands.
9

Code Length (l) Width (w) Height (h) Power

Inc
Imperial Metric mm inch mm inch mm Watt
h
0.02 0.01 1/20
0201 0603 0.6 0.3 0.01 0.25
4 2 (0.05)
1/16
0402 1005 0.04 1.0 0.02 0.5 0.014 0.35
(0.062)

1/10
0603 1608 0.06 1.55 0.03 0.85 0.018 0.45
(0.10)
1/8
0805 2012 0.08 2.0 0.05 1.2 0.018 0.45
(0.125)

1/4
1206 3216 0.12 3.2 0.06 1.6 0.022 0.55
(0.25)
1/2
1210 3225 0.12 3.2 0.10 2.5 0.022 0.55
(0.50)

1812 3246 0.12 3.2 0.18 4.6 0.022 0.55 1

3/4
2010 5025 0.20 5.0 0.10 2.5 0.024 0.6
(0.75)

2512 6332 0.25 6.3 0.12 3.2 0.024 0.6 1

MELF resistor package sizes

Surface mount resistors are also used as MELF package,
too (Metal Electrode Leadless Face). Instead of traditional
SMD packages, the advantage of using MELF is the lower
thermal coefficient and greater stability.

Name Abbr. Code Length Diameter Power

mm mm Watt
MicroMELF MMU 0102 2.2 1.1 0.2 - 0.3
MiniMELF MMA 0204 3.6 1.4 0.25 - 0.4
MELF MMB 0207 5.8 2.2 0.4 - 1.0
Capacitors
A capacitor made from two conductive plates with an
insulator between them and it stores electrical energy in the
form of an electric field. Capacitors are usually two types,
polar and non-polarized. Non-polar capacitors could be the
basic type of ceramic disk, the electrolytic type, the type of
polypropylene, the type of metallized polyester.

The stored charge is Q=CV

Where: C is the capacitance of a capacitor and V is the applied voltage.
10

How to identify the Value of Capacitors?

Capacitors are the essential components of an
electronic circuit without which the circuit cannot be
completed. The use of capacitors includes smoothing
the ripples from AC in power supply, coupling and
decoupling the signals, as buffers, etc. Different types
of capacitors like Electrolytic capacitor, Disc
capacitor, Tantalum capacitor, etc. are used in
circuits. Electrolytic capacitors have the value printed on its body so that its pins
can be easily identified.

The unit measure of capacitor is farad. In Pico Farads, the number on the capacitor
reflects the capacitance value. For example, 8 = 8PF

If the third number is zero, the value in the example of P is: 100 = 100PF.
For a 3-digit integer, after the second digit, the third number reflects the number of
zeros, e.g. 104 = 10-0000 PFF (picofarads). It is easy to convert it into KPF or uF if
the value is obtained in PF.

PF / 1000 = nano-farad KPF or nF (nano farad), PF / 10, 00000 = uF (micro

farad).

The 104 or 100,000 pF capacitance is 100KpF or n, or 0.1uF.

Conversion Formula
nF x 1000 = PF uF x 1,000,000 = PF uF x 1,000,000/1000 = nF
PF/1000 = nF nF=1/1,000,000,000F uF = 1/ 1000,000 F
PF/1,000,000 = uF
The tolerance value is determined by the letter underneath the capacitance value.
473 = K 473

If the 4th digit is zero, for a 4-digit number, then the capacitance value is pF.
Example. 1500 = 1500PF

The capacitance value is in uF, if the number is just a floating-point decimal number.
Example. 0.1 = 0.1 uF

If an alphabet is defined below the digits, the decimal value is expressed and the
value is in KPF or n.

Example. 2K2 = 2.2 KPF

The first digit represents the UF value, the second its resistance, and the third its
maximum voltage rating, if the values are given with slashes.

Example. 0.1/5/800 = 0.01 uF / 5% / 800 Volts.

Below is a table showing the code & conversion used in ceramic capacitors:
11

Identifying Capacitors:
Without the Capacitor, the design of the circuit is incomplete since it plays an active
role in the functioning of the circuit. Capacitor has two electrode plates inside which
are separated by a dielectric material such as paper, mica, etc. What happens when
the capacitor electrodes are connected to the power supply? The capacitor charges
at full voltage and maintains the charge. The capacitor has the ability to store the
current measured in Farads.

Each capacitor has its own capacitance, which is expressed as a voltage-divided

charge in the capacitor. Some important parameters should be considered when
using a capacitor in a circuit:

➢ First is the value of it. Choose the correct value, either low or high,
depending on the design of the circuit.
➢ The value is printed on the body of most of the capacitors in the UF or
the EIA code.
➢ Tolerance and working voltage are two important factors that need to
be considered. No capacitor has a rated capacitance and may vary.
➢ Use a high-quality capacitor such as a Tantalum capacitor in sensitive
circuits such as oscillator circuits.
➢ If the Capacitor is used for AC circuits, it should have a working voltage
of 400 volts. The working voltage of the electrolytic capacitor is printed
on the body of the capacitor. Choose a capacitor with a working voltage
three times higher than the power supply voltage.

Inductors (Coils)
The inductor is also referred to as an AC resistor that stores
electrical energy in the form of magnetic energy. It resists
current changes, and Henry is the standard inductance unit.
The capacity to produce magnetic lines is referred to as
inductance.

Formula of inductance of the coil is given as L= (µ.K.N2.S)/I.

Where:
‘L’ - inductance ‘N’ - number of turns of wires.
‘µ’- Magnetic permeability ‘I’ - the length of the coil in the axial
‘K’ - magnetic coefficient direction.
‘S’ - the cross-section area of the coil.
12

Diodes
The diode is a device that allows the current to flow in
one direction and is usually made of semiconductor
material. It has two terminals, anode (+) and cathode (-)
terminals. They are mostly used for converting circuits
such as AC to DC circuits. These are of different types,
such as PN diodes, Zener diodes, LEDs, photodiodes, etc.

Identifying Diodes:
Diode specs can be easily identified from the given data in any circuit, as the part
number itself will carry all the required information.

In a special case, if you find it missing, you can assume that the specifications are
as follows:
➢ If it is positioned in series with a supply voltage, 1N4007 will do the job
for normal low current circuits, which is rated to handle up to 1amp at
300V.
➢ If the circuit is specified to operate with higher currents, then 1N5408
can be used which is rated at 300V, 3 amp, and 6A4 can be selected for
5amp circuits....and so on.

Transistors
A transistor is a 3-terminal semiconductor device that
is commonly used as a switch and as an amplifier. The
switching device can control the voltage or current.
Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect
transistor (FET) are the two types of transistor. It could
also be PNP (Positive-Negative-Positive) and NPN
(Negative-Positive-Negative) transistors.

Identifying Transistors:
Another factor that may become crucial when identifying transistors is their hFE or
"Hybrid parameter forward current gain, common emitter" value, but this can be
ignored since all low BJT signals are attributed to high gain or hFe values, so they
are automatically taken care of.

If the circuit is a standard 12V circuit operated one, in that case you can simply skip
the prefixes and use any "BC547" transistors, but if the voltage specification of the
circuit is on the higher side, the prefix value should be considered, because the A,
B, C ends indicate the maximum tolerable voltage limit for the device or its voltage
limits.

Transistors are identified by numbers that usually end with a prefix, example BC547
can be replaced by BC547A, BC547B, BC547C, etc.
13

Integrated Circuits
The Integrated Circuit is a special component that
is manufactured with thousands of transistors,
resistors, diodes and other electronic components
on a tiny silicone chip. These are the building
blocks of current electronic devices, such as cell
phones, computers, etc.
It may be an analog or digital integrated circuit. The most commonly used IC’s in
electronic circuits are Op-amps, timers, comparators, IC’s switches, and so on.
Depending on its application, these can be classified as linear and nonlinear IC’s.

Here is a table showing the Integrated Circuit - Specifications according to functions

or applications:
Gain Bandwidth
Specification Package Power supply
Product
Precision very low SOIC-8 ≥10 MHz ±5V to ±15V
noise Operational
Amplifiers

Stepper Motor HTSSOP-28 ≥125 KHz Operating

Controller voltage:8-45V
2.9-3.2V

Analog to Digital MSOP-10 ≥ 123 dB (f=1 kHz) < 5 mW/MSPS

Converter
Variable Gain Amplifier SOIC-16 DC to 35 MHz (-3 dB) +2.7V to +6.5V
Programmable Active SOIC-24 DC to 35 MHz (-3 dB) Single +5V and ±
Filter 5V operation
Logarithmic Amplifier SO-16 ≥ 400 MHz Single supply from
+2.7V to +6.5V

ACTIVITIES
Directions: Read and answer the following activities. Write your answer on the space
provided.
A. Identify the different electronic components to be measured.
Components Value Functions
It allows the current to flow in one direction and
1. ___________ IN4001 is usually made of semiconductor material.
A 3-terminal semiconductor device that is
BC547
2. ____________ commonly used as a switch and as an amplifier.
It stores electrical energy in the form of an
1,000 uF 16V
3. ____________ electric field.
Used to oppose or limit the flow of current
1/4Watt 10KΩ
4. ____________
14

Composed of thousands of transistors, resistors,

SOIC-8
5. ____________ diodes and other electronic components on a
±5V to ±15V
tiny silicone chip.

B. Using the table below, provide the correct specification or value of the
following electronic components:
No. Components Correct Specifications
1. Resistors
2. Capacitors
3. Diodes
4. Transistors
5. IC’s

HTSSOP-28
Operating BC107,
10,000 SOIC – 8
voltage: 8- BC109, 1N5408 300V 3A
uF 50V ±5V to ±15V
45V 2N2222A
0201
1.5KΩ±5%
4700 uF (0.60mm x0.3mm) BC547B IN4001
1/4W
0.05W

WRAP-UP

There are various electronic components used in creating an electronic circuit.

Circuit designs are never complete without these components or have not performed
well. It includes the following resistors, capacitors, coils, diodes, transistors,
integrated circuits, etc.
Furthermore, to prove that you have learned something today, complete the
statement below:
I have learned that _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________.

VALUING
1. Why is it important to obtain the correct specification and value of electronic
components? How will it affect in building a circuit?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________.
15

POSTTEST

Directions: Fill in the blank. Read the statement carefully and fill out the missing
word/s. Refer your answers on the box below. Write your answer on the
space provided.

___________1. Resistor works on the basis of the ___________principle that states that
"voltage applied across a resistor's terminals is directly proportional to
the current flowing through it.”
___________2. _________ Watt, the standard and typical value of resistor.
___________3. The __________ has the ability to store the current measured in Farads.
___________4. The most crucial part when identifying transistor is their __________ or
"Hybrid parameter forward current gain, common collector" value.
___________5. It is a special component that is manufactured with thousands of
transistors, resistors, diodes and other electronic components on a tiny
silicone chip example SOIC – 8.

IC or integrated circuit Capacitor ¼W

hFE ½W Ohm’s law

KEY TO CORRECTION
IC`s - SOIC – 8 ±5V to ±15V/ HTSSOP-28 8-45V 5.
Transistors - BC107, BC109, 2N2222A/ BC547B 4.
Diodes - 1N5408 300V 3A/IN4001 3.
Capacitors - 4700 uF/10,000 uF 50V 2.
Resistors - 1.5KΩ±5% 1/4W/0201(0.60mm x0.3mm)0.05W 1.
B. Correct specification or value of the following electronic components:
Integrated Circuit IC’s 5.
Resistor 4.
Capacitor 3.
Transistor 2.
Diode 1.
A. Identify the different electronic components to be measured

Integrated 5. circuit the components. 5. ✓

hFE 4. moist in the long run that can short 4. ✓
Capacitors 3. internal components and may turn into 3.  (Farad)
1/4Watt 2. eliminate dusts. The dust destroys the 2.  (Resistor)
Ohm’s Law 1. System unit must be cleaned regularly to 1. ✓
POST TEST REACAP PRE-TEST
16

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Swegway Hoverboard, Tarun Agarwal says: at Hi Swegway Hoverboard Glad to hear that,
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Swagatam, About SwagatamI am an electronic engineer (dipIETE ), About Swagatam, I

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identify-component-specs-in/.

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