Week 3 - Referencing-20220302092604

APA Citations & References
Academic English I
Session 3
Language Center
BINUS @ Senayan
Session Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this session, students are expected to be able to
• Know the difference between a citation and a reference
• Understand the function of citations and references
• Know American Psychological Association (APA) style of citations and
references
• Understand the difference between ‘direct’ and ‘indirect citations’.
It is a standardized method of
acknowledging sources of
information and ideas that are
used in a scholarly work such as a
What is research essay, thesis, dissertation,
referencing? etc. It is important that you
understand this, as all your
academic writing should contain
citations and references in the
future.
• Acknowledge the source of another’s work
• Avoid plagiarism accusations
• Display knowledge of current literature
Why do we • Demonstrate support for your ideas,

opinions, and point of view
reference? • Provide examples or evidence to support
own research
• Allow readers to follow up and read the cited
author’s argument
When do we reference?
Within and at the end of the scholarly work when From books, journals, the internet, videos, radio,
using: TV, lecture notes, personal communications
Direct quotations
Facts, figures, ideas, and theories – not common knowledge
Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase/summary)
Methods of referencing
APA – American Harvard – AKA
Psychological author-date Oxford MLA
Association system
Chicago Vancouver Turabian IEEE

1. In-text citations
APA - found within the text of your writing

- these allow the reader to find the source
referencing
format
2. End-text references (Reference List)
- complete list of all references at the end of
the document.
These are citations…
Direct
citation
Indirect
citation
These are references…
In-text citation
(Text runs into quote)
Include the author, the year of publication, and the

page number preceded by “p.”
Academic writers need to be cautious in

their claims. In this respect, vague language is
important as it ‘‘allows claims to be made with
due caution, modesty, and humility’’ (Hyland,
1994, p. 241).
Example – short quotation/run into quotes
Academic writers need to be cautious in their claims.
In this respect, vague language is important as it
“allows claims to be made with due caution, modesty,
and humility” (Hyland, 1994, p. 241).
Period after
Parentheses Author’s Year of Page no. parentheses
surrounding reference surname publication
In-text citation (paraphrase/summary)
Devlin (1999) has advanced the idea of

combining the social sciences and mathematics
to chart human behavior.
One study has advanced the idea of combining the
In-text citation social sciences and mathematics to chart human
(paraphrase/summary) behavior (Devlin, 1999).
In-text
citation Devlin (1999) has advanced the idea of “soft
mathematics”, which is the practice of “applying
mathematics to study people’s behavior” (p. 84).
(Quotes run
into text)
More than 40 words
In-text
citation Indented from the margin
(long One or two font sizes

smaller
quotes) Quotation marks omitted
Long quote
Jordan (1977) has also drawn attention to the necessity for

being careful:
A feature of academic writing is the need to be
cautious in one’s claims and statements. In other
words, you may indicate your certainty and
commitment in varying degrees (p. 240).
Two font
sizes
smaller.
Referencing – Books (Basic Format)
 The second line of a reference is indented to highlight alphabetical order
 Author’s surname
 Author’s initials
 Date (in parentheses)
 Title (underlined or in italics)
 Edition (if any)
 Publisher
Wallace, M. J. (1980). Study Skills in English (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Referencing – Books (chapter in an edited book)
 Author, A. A., & Author, B. B.
 (Year of publication).
 Title of chapter.
 In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.),
 Title of book (pages of chapter).
 Publisher.
O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys:
Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib
(Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). Springer.
Referencing - Journals
 Author’s surname
 Author’s initials
 Date (in parentheses)
 Title of Article
 Name of journal (underlined or in italics)
 Volume number (underlined or in italics) / issue number
 Page number
West, R. (1994). Needs Analysis in Language Teaching. Language Teaching,

27(1), 1-19.
Referencing – Article in a newspaper
Veda, T. (2010, January 27). A beggar in every shape and form. StarTribune, 5.
Referencing – E-sources
• Online Newspaper Article
• Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper.
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/.
Parker, T. J. (2008, May 6). BINUS UNIVERSITY International Students

Awarded ‘Smartest Students’ Title. The Jakarta Post.
https://www.jakartapost.com/binus-university-international-students-a
warded-smartest-students-title
Some useful websites
Introduction - APA 7th Referencing UniSkills - LibGuides at Curtin University
https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://www.flinders.edu.au/slc_files/Documents/Brochures/APA%20Referencing
%20-%202011.pdf
http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/study/guides/apa.shtml.
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APA Citations & References

Why do we • Demonstrate support for your ideas,

Chicago Vancouver Turabian IEEE

APA - found within the text of your writing

Include the author, the year of publication, and the

Academic writers need to be cautious in

Devlin (1999) has advanced the idea of

(long One or two font sizes

Jordan (1977) has also drawn attention to the necessity for

West, R. (1994). Needs Analysis in Language Teaching. Language Teaching,

Parker, T. J. (2008, May 6). BINUS UNIVERSITY International Students

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