Brompheniramine

Brompheniramine

Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682545
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Legal status	AU: S2 (Pharmacy only) – 4, depending on formulation and usage Unscheduled, OTC
Routes of administration	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	24.9 ± 9.3 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
CAS Number	86-22-6 Y
ATC code	R06AB01 (WHO)
PubChem	CID: 6834
IUPHAR/BPS	7133
DrugBank	DB00835 Y
ChemSpider	6573 Y
UNII	H57G17P2FN Y
KEGG	D07543 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:3183 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL811 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C16H19BrN2
Molecular mass	319.24 g/mol
SMILES Brc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ncccc2)CCN(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C16H19BrN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3 Y Key:ZDIGNSYAACHWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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Brompheniramine (Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, BPN, Lodrane), commonly marketed as its salt brompheniramine maleate, is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class. It is readily available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine.

Brompheniramine is part of a series of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives and others including fluorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine), deschlorpheniramine, dipheniramine (also known as triprolidine with the trade name Actifed), and iodopheniramine.

The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibit optical isomerism and brompheniramine products contain racemic brompheniramine maleate whereas dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral) is the dextrorotary (right-handed) stereoisomer.

Brompheniramine has antidepressant properties, inhibiting reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin and norepinephrine. Based on this knowledge, Arvid Carlsson and his colleagues, working at the Swedish company Astra AB, were able to derive the first marketed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, from brompheniramine.

Like other agents of this type, brompheniramine also has analgesic-sparing (potentiating) effects on opioid analgesics, commonly reducing codeine, dihydrocodeine, and hydrocodone requirements by 10 to 35 percent.

Pharmacology

Brompheniramine works by acting as an antagonist of histamine H₁ receptors. It also functions as a moderately effective anticholinergic agent, and is likely an antimuscarinic agent similar to other common antihistamines such as diphenhydramine.

Brompheniramine is metabolised by cytochrome P450s.

The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibit optic isomerism and brompheniramine products contain racaemic brompheniramine maleate whereas dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral) is the dextrorotary (right-handed) stereoisomer.

Side effects

Its effects on the cholinergic system may include side-effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate.

Chemistry

Brompheniramine, 3-(p-bromophenyl)-3-(2-pyridyl)propyldimethylamine, is an analog of chlorpheniramine. The only difference is that the chlorine atom in the benzene ring is replaced with a bromine atom. It is also synthesized in an analogous manner.

• L.A. Walter, U.S. Patent 3,061,517 (1962).
• L.A. Walter, U.S. Patent 3,030,371 (1962).

See also

• Pheniramine
• Zimelidine

External links

• Rx-List.com - Brompheniramine
• Drugs.com - Brompheniramine
• NIH - Brompheniramine