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This paper focuses on the effects of nonbinding recommendations on bargaining outcomes. Recommendations are theorized to have two effects: they can create a focal point for final bargaining positions, and they can decrease outcome uncertainty should dispute persist. While the focal point effect may help lower dispute rates, the uncertainty reduction effect is predicted to do the opposite for risk-averse bargainers. Which of these effects dominates is of critical importance in the optimal design of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures, which are becoming increasingly utilized to help resolve disputes in a variety of settings. We theoretically examine the effects of recommendations on the bargaining contract zone. Our theoretical framework, which allows bargainers ’ final positions to influence a binding outcome should negotiations fail, provides for a more stringent test of focal points than previously considered. We also present data from controlled laboratory bargaining ...

Despite its ubiquity as the term, ‘student movements’ are not easy to build or sustain. This is because campus activism typically features a diversity of political views and tactical preferences, and is organisationally restricted by the constant turnover of graduating cohorts. This chapter uses the 2010/11 UK student protests to explore some of the challenges students face in building a wider student movement. United initially by a common grievance of rising tuition fees, students responded quickly with a multi-repertoire mass campaign. Yet its tactical breadth generated diverging collective experiences and identities, and once the fees were passed by Government these identities proved difficult to unite as an overarching movement.

We may not be able to make you love reading, but the disappearance of the social in american social psychology will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full. Yeah, when trying to read a new book as this the disappearance of the social in american social psychology, you can start from certain time and place. Building interest in reading this book or every book is needed. The soft file of this book that is provided will be saved in such certain library. If you really have willing to read it, just follow the kindness of the life. It will improve your quality of the life however is the role. To see how you can get the book, this is much recommended to as soon as possible. You can take different time of the start to read. When starting to read the the disappearance of the social in american social psychology is in the proper time, it will allow you to ease pass the reading steps. It will be in undergoing the exact reading style. But many people may be confused and lazy of it. Even the book will show you the truth of life it doesn't mean that you can really pass the process as clear. It is to really offer the presented book that can be one of referred books to read. So, having the link of the book to visit for you is very joyful. You can quickly finish them to visit the page and then enjoy getting the book. Having the soft file of this book is also good enough. By this way, you may not need to bring the book everywhere. You can save in some compatible devices. When you have decided to start reading the disappearance of the social in american social psychology again, you can start it everywhere and every time as soon as well done.

Commercial horticulture in many regions of the world depends upon Sphagnum peat as a potting-media substrate, but extracting peat has serious environmental consequences. Composts may be able to serve as effective substitutes for peat and offer potential environmental advantages. The suitability of compost as potting media depends upon the raw materials as well as processing methods used. This study includes two related experiments—one with beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and the other with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)—aimed at assessing the potential viability of farm-produced, food-residuals compost as a replacement for peat-based potting media in the production of organic vegetable transplants. The experiments were conducted in 2021 on the Berea College Farm in Kentucky, USA, a USDA certified organic farm. The results indicated that potting media composed of 75% to 100% compost performed as well as fertilized, peat-based growing media for plant growth. Further, although weeds were pre...

Within days of the Singapore parliamentary election in May 2011, Lee Kuan Yew and Goh Chok Tong announced that they had decided to leave the nation's Cabinet, where they had been serving as "Minister Mentor" and "Senior Minister," positions created for them as former Prime Ministers. 2 The reason was that the People's Action Party (PAP), which Lee Kuan Yew had founded with others in the 1950s and which had governed the nation since its separation

This paper examines the inherent link between a countrys education system and its compar-ative advantage in trade. It suggests that di¤erences in education systems across countries are probably a stable equilibrium result that is compatible with and reinforced by trade patterns. In equilibrium, two distinct types of countries emerge, one that exports creativity-intensive prod-ucts and has an education system encouraging diversity (as illustrated by the US), and the other one that exports high-quality manufactured products and has an education system promoting homogeneity in student quality (as illustrated by Japan). Our …ndings present a novel expla-nation for the coexistence of low test scores of students and high economic performance in the US. JEL Classi…cation: F16, I20, J24.

Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is the target of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics and has been a validated antibacterial drug target for nearly 70 years. The sulfonamides target the p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) binding site of DHPS and interfere with folate biosynthesis and ultimately prevent bacterial replication. However, widespread bacterial resistance to these drugs has severely limited their effectiveness. This study explores the second and more highly conserved pterin binding site of DHPS as an alternative approach to developing novel antibiotics that avoid resistance. In this study, five commonly-used docking programs, FlexX, Surflex, Glide, GOLD, and DOCK, and nine scoring functions, were evaluated for their ability to rank-order potential lead compounds for an extensive virtual screening study of the pterin binding site of B. anthracis DHPS. Their performance in ligand docking and scoring was judged by their ability to reproduce a known inhibitor conformation and to efficiently detect known active compounds seeded into three separate decoy sets. Two other metrics were used to assess performance; enrichment at 1% and 2%, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The effectiveness of post-docking relaxation prior to rescoring and consensus scoring were also evaluated. Finally, we have developed a straightforward statistical method of including the inhibition constants of the known active compounds when analyzing enrichment results to more accurately assess scoring performance, which we call the 'sum of the sum of log rank' or SSLR. Of the docking and scoring functions evaluated, Surflex with Surflex-Score and Glide with GlideScore were the best overall performers for use in virtual screening against the DHPS target, with neither combination showing statistically significant superiority over the other in enrichment studies or pose selection. Post-docking ligand relaxation and consensus scoring did not improve overall enrichment.

Background: Peanut allergy represents a significant health threat in the United States. The factors contributing to the severity of the allergic response and the immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying peanut allergy remain to be completely characterized. As yet, no animal model has been developed that will completely mimic the physical, immunologic, and histologic features of food allergy. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to develop a neonatal pig model of peanut allergy that would mimic the allergic symptoms and the immunologic and histologic profile of human peanut allergy. Methods: Newborn piglets sensitized intraperitoneally with peanut extract and cholera toxin were orally challenged repeatedly with peanut meal. Physical symptoms, including emesis, lethargy, diarrhea, and respiratory distress, were monitored to determine the allergic response. Immunologic assessment was conducted through use of skin testing and the antigenic response to peanut proteins. Histologically, tissues derived from the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon were assessed for morphologic changes after the oral challenge. Results: Peanut-sensitized pigs responded with physical symptoms that mimicked those seen in double-blinded, placebo-controlled oral food challenges to peanuts in children and adults. Skin testing suggested an IgE-mediated response; this was confirmed by a negative passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response of heat-treated sera obtained from peanut-sensitized animals. Damage to villi of the small intestine was similar to that seen in endoscopically obtained tissue specimens from certain foodallergic individuals. Conclusion: The neonatal pig model of peanut allergy mimics the physical and immunologic characteristics of peanut allergy in human beings. The model will be useful for determining IgE-mediated mechanisms and conducting endoscopic histo-logic assessment of tissues and immunotherapeutic intervention strategies with repeated allergen challenges. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:136-42.)

Apoptolidins A-D are microbial secondary metabolites shown to be selectively cytotoxic against several cancer cell lines and noncytotoxic against normal cells. Total syntheses of apoptolidinones A and D are reported. The efficient synthetic strategy leading to the apoptolidinones features construction of the common 20-membered macrolactone by an intramolecular Suzuki reaction and stereocontrolled aldol reactions establishing the C19/C20 and C22/C23 stereocenters. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycones apoptolidinone A and D were shown to be noncytotoxic when evaluated against human lung cancer cells (H292).

Employee allocation is a part of the process of workforce formation (staffing) in organisations. Its aim within hiring new employees and internal mobility is to have an adequate, stable and satisfied employee in the shortest possible time, and its key objective within employment termination is to ensure a fair departure. Employee allocation results in the optimal usage of financial means of the organisation as well as in the development of abilities of employees and teams in accordance with the aims of the organisation. The aim of our research conducted in 2012 was to find out whether organisations operating in Slovakia realize the importance of employee allocation. Research results imply that only 14% of organisations deal with adaptation com prehensively, i.e. at all three levels. And only 8% of the interviewed organisations deal with outplacement.

1. Introduction, 2. Brothers and sisters â€" adelphoi, 3. The believers, 4. The saints â€" hoi hagioi, 5. The assembly â€" hÄ" ekklÄ" sia, 6. Disciples â€" mathÄ" tai, 7. The way â€" hÄ" hodos, 8.'Christian'â€" Christianos, 9. Conclusions.

Constitution-making is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. There is much speculation but relatively little evidence about the impact of different design processes on constitutional outcomes. Much of the debate reduces to the question of who is involved in the process and when. We consider two central issues in this regard. The first is the problem of institutional self-dealing, or whether governmental organs that have something to gain from the constitutional outcome should be involved in the process. The second has to do with the merits of public involvement in the process. Both of these concerns have clear normative implications and both are amenable to straightforward social scientific analysis. This article surveys the relevant research on constitution-making, describes the conceptual issues involved in understanding constitution-making, reviews the various claims regarding variation in constitution-making processes, and presents a set of baseline empirical results from a new set of data on the content and process of constitution-making. 201 Annu. Rev. Law. Soc. Sci. 2009.5:201-223. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY -Law Library (Chicago Campus) on 11/09/10. For personal use only.

Migration of unskilled labour out of agriculture is a basic characteristic of the process of industrialization, urbanization, modernization and economic development both historically and contemporarily. This paper outlines the recent developments in agricultural labour markets in rural odisha and investigates the issues of agricultural out migration and their implications for agriculture both from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results indicate that migration does matter. It impacts on labour supply, real wage rate, productivity, output and cropping pattern in agriculture. The overall results contradict the prognosis of the surplus labour model and are consistent with the propositions of the market theory of wages as also with the findings of some of the earlier studies concerning other countries/areas.

Power Electronic converters are widely being used these days for various applications ranging from small to large power. Full converters are widely been used for conversion of single phase input to the desired output waveform. This paper compares the performance of this converter using different operating tools. The cutoff angle of line current in a single phase thyristor controlled full converter with RL load has been taken into consideration in discontinuous current mode. ANN has been trained using Back propagation method and the performance of this ANN based estimator is compared with the simulation work done in MATLAB. The results of these simulations are elaborated in the paper discussing converter performance with different loading conditions.

Arising from the productive dialogue between systemic functional linguistics and sociology begun earlier by Michael Halliday (1995), Basil Bernstein (1990) and Ruqaiya Hasan (1999), this edited volume is concerned with the nature of knowledge. Readers familiar with Bernstein’s sociological theory will know the trajectory of his work from its early emphasis on code, through classification and framing of curriculum to his later interest in the structuring of knowledge. Throughout, his interest in the relationship between social relations and semiotic practice is evident as he attended firstly to the form taken by pedagogic discourse (the relay) and then later to the pedagogic discourse and knowledge itself (the relayed). It is the later work with which this book engages, most particularly the development of the initial categorisations of everyday and commonsense knowledge into those of vertical and horizontal discourses (Bernstein, 1999). Horizontal discourse, according to Bernstein, ...

North begins his book by stating that "institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction."(3) That being said North then proposes to examine institutions, changes in them, and their impact on economic performance over time.

North begins his book by stating that "institutions are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction."(3) That being said North then proposes to examine institutions, changes in them, and their impact on economic performance over time.

This paper aims to shed some more light on the current debate related to corporate social responsibility (CSR), specifically considering multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the complexities they face when dealing with international issues and a range of stakeholders. It discusses notions of CSR in the context of wider debates, including the question for whom and for what the firm exists, how responsibilities can or should be managed and by whom, and what room there is for managerial discretion. Particular attention is paid to cross-cultural differences, exploring the existing variety in ethical and societal norms relevant to MNEs: those originating from international agreements, those that are part of a so-called 'market morality' and those applicable in home and host countries. Although these norms may overlap, they can diverge as well, leaving ample room for managerial discretion in a 'moral free space'. The paper also explores recent trends, particularly the increasing importance of emerging economies such as China, which suggests that the picture is becoming even more complex, pointing at clear challenges for research and practice.

There are many ways of construing the psychology of loss. This paper describes one such model, which enlightens some, but not all, aspects of bereavement and needs to be used alongside other models. Loss is one aspect of psychosocial transition, the psychological change that takes place whenever people are faced with the need to undertake a major revision of their assumptions about the world. The paper focuses on the ways in which people change or fail to change their internal model of the world in the face of emergent events. Examples are taken from bereavement, loss of a limb, and the succession of losses that mark the course of terminal illness. Implications for identifying people at risk and mitigating that risk are outlined.

0 7 4 0 -7 4 5 9 / 0 4 / $ 2 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 4 I E E E efficiency, and greater customer satisfaction. In pair programming, a key ingredient in agile projects' success, pairs of programmers working together handle all development taskseach pair sharing one terminal, keyboard, and mouse. Researchers have since reported that pair programmers produce higher-quality code than do developers working alone. This finding is intuitively appealing; you'd expect collaborators who continuously review each other's work to find better design and construction solutions than one programmer working alone. More surprising is their finding that pair programmers produce code with little or no significant productivity loss. This research contrasts starkly with our field study findings. We decided to reexamine our earlier productivity data from teams of two and ask: Would our previous findings of concurrent-work productivity loss be reversed if we look only at programming pairs rather than teams of all sizes? If so, we could conclude that pairs are naturally more productive than larger teams, regardless of the collaborative process. If not, we could conclude that the collaboration mechanisms prescribed in pair programming might overcome a natural loss of productivity from concurrent work. We offer these findings and their implications as a benchmark against which we might measure the potential of pair programming practices. feature A Field Study of Developer Pairs: Productivity Impacts and Implications I n a previous industrial field study, we examined programmer productivity as team size varies. We showed that regardless of size or experience, the more time team members spend concurrently working on the same code modules, the less productive they are. 1,2 In other words, teams are more productive when their members work independently.

eds., Evolution and the human mind: Language, modularity and meta-cognition. Cambridge U.P. 2000, pp 218-237 0. where I'm going The theme of this chapter is that some seemingly arcane philosophers' disputes about the nature of rationality are relevant to questions about the evolution of strategic thinking in our species. By strategic thinking I mean, roughly, the kinds of cognitive processes that an agent uses in order to choose an action or a strategy in a situation involving other agents, taking account of the fact that the others are also choosing acts or strategies in the light of the same factors.

364 BIBLIOGRAFIA 366 Vlll Pode-se observar, a partir desse comentário de Meschonnic, que apenas uma concepção métrica do ritmo como um princípio: (a) que preexiste ao uso da linguagem; (b} que se aplica apenas à substância fônica da linguagem {os acentos de intensidade, segundo Meschonnic); e (c) que é incompatível com o sentido; poderia permitir a Ghyka fazer a afirmação que fez. de que dois versos de Racine teriam o mesmo ritmo. É possíveL pois, situar sem dificuldades o lugar de tal afirmação. Além disso, tradicionalmente a poesia é definida pelo verso -assim como o ritmo é definido pelo metro. Para muitos, ainda. o verso foi, e permanece sendo -lembra Meschonnic -não apenas "uma codificação métnca do nfmo, mas a condição don"lmo" (p. 398). Mas definir a poesia pelo verso e o ritmo pelo metro •· faz com que a prosa seja o resto" (p. 395). na medida em que, ao se tomarem tais definições como adequadas, a prosa, em conseqüência. só poderá ser definida negativamentepor sua forma não-versificada e pela "ausência de ordem, de ritmo" (p. 403). Assim. não haveria ritmo na prosa pois o ritmo. nessa concepção, é sinônimo de metro, e este. por sua vez, só se define em função do verso. E estamos, assim. às 3 Meschonnic entende a prosódia como a "organização vocálica. consonãntico" (p. 217). possível afirmar que a modalização que antecede a frase original funcionaria como uma forma de recuperação verbal do contexto de enunciação. Desse modo. em frases como "Ele veio me buscar'. em que elementos do contexto não são verbalizados. o sinal de exclamação -ao imprimir-se em um local característico do espaço ocupado pelo frase: o seu final -desempenharia o 45T od os os destaques do parágrafo são nossos. 220

A key theme of this chapter derives from Slobin's (1973) insight that, with age, new forms are recruited to meet old functions while, concurrently, new functions are realized by familiar linguistic means. This is illustrated in (1) through (3) below by three linguistic categories in the 'frog story' narrative sample (Berman & Slobin 1994): prepositions (in, on, after), the English suffix -ing and the connective and.

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Using a cue-word paradigm from autobiographical memory, we report on an investigation of bilingual memory and codeswitching among immigrant adults. The aims of the chapter are threefold: (1) to analyze the relationship between language and memory among bilingual immigrants via same language and crossover memories (memories which were cued in one language yet retrieved in the other language the bilingual knows); (2) to examine the extent to which immigration infl uences classical memory patterns; and (3) to fi nd out whether behavioral evidence -codeswitching -exists to support immigrants' self-reported memory retrieval of crossover memories. Twelve English-Hebrew bilingual immigrants aged 64-79 were asked to retrieve specifi c memories to cue words in separate fi rst language (L1) and second language (L2) sessions. Following retrieval of memories, participants were asked to report the decade of the memory event and the language in which the memory came to them. Results replicated , showing evidence for a reminiscence bump (a higher than expected number of memories during the 10-30 age period) and a trend toward an immigration bump in bilinguals who immigrated at a later age. Overall, 40 percent of the memories recalled were "crossovers" (i.e., memories in a language that differed from the language of the experimental session and cue word). In an attempt to fi nd behavioral correlates for "crossover" judgments, narratives from selected memories were examined for the extent of within-utterance bilingual codeswitching. Narratives elicited for selected memories revealed more codeswitching in crossover memories, showing evidence for a consistency between reported memories and bilingual language behavior. 9781107008908c08_p211-235.indd 211 9781107008908c08_p211-235.indd 211

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