Libon Community College

Libon, Albay

Title of the Unit/Learning Episode:

Module 3- Prof. Ed 12 (FS 2 - Participation and Teaching
Assistantship)
Course and Year: BTVTED - IV
Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models

ARLENZITA G. TALISAYSAY
Instructor
Learning Episode 3
FS 2 (Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models)

To have a meaningful and successful accomplishment in the FS

episode, be sure to read through the whole episode before participating
and assisting in your FS 2 Resource Teacher’s class. Note all the
information you will need and tasks you will need to do before working
on the episode.

Target Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Learning Episode, I must be able to:
• Use concepts and processes of action research
• Identify sample models of AR such as of DepEd, 2017; McNiff &
Whitehead, 2006; and Nelson, 2014.

Clarify Your Task

Understanding and Using Action Research Concepts and Process

The definition of action research evolved over time. There is no

singular definition of action research. Anchored on the idea of inquiry
by John Dewey several other authors have advanced the concepts of
action research is a type of inquiry that is:
• practical as it involves making changes to practice.
• theoretical as it is informed by theory and can generate new
insights.
• Concerned with change and improvement.

Action research has been embraced in education for its value in

transforming school practices by the practitioners themselves. It is
used to address practical problems in the classroom. It is a process
that allows teachers to study their own classroom and school setting to
improve their effectiveness. Teacher Action Research (TAR) is a
method for educational practitioners (teachers, school leaders) to
engage in the assessment and improvement of their own practice. It is
a tool to help classroom teachers consider their teaching methods or
to adopt a strategy in order to solve everyday problem in the school
setting.
Here are some questions and answers that you need to know
1. What are the Core Characteristics of AR (Titchen, 2015)?
• Systematic – Like any form of research, it follows a system.
• Rigorous – It has rigor, meaning a strict adherence to the
rules of empirical studies.
• Reflective – it follows a continuous reflection and action.
• Situational – it is more specific to the location (school)
circumstance (teaching and learning, etc.).
• Participative – AR can be participative where teachers and
learners are co-researchers.
• Future-oriented – It seeks solution to the current problem
for future improvement.

2. Why is Action Research useful to me as a Teacher

Researcher?
• AR can help me to learn how to improve my practice as a
teacher in terms of teaching methods, classroom
management, preparation of the learning environment,
developing instructional materials and assessment.
• AR can help me learn more about a wider range of
research methods that I can use in the future.
• AR can provide me more space to think deeply about the
issues that confront teaching and learning.
• AR can help me engage with my mentor and peers to
enable me to improve my teaching practices through action
research.
• AR can help me develop new knowledge which is directly
related to my area of specialization.

3. What types of classroom action studies that can I engage

in?
• Creating changes in the classroom practices. Example:
What changes will daily writing have on my students?)
• Establishing effects of curriculum restricting. Example: Will
the use of mother tongue enhance the reading skills of my
learners?
• Enhancing new understanding of learners. Example: What
happen when students get demotivated?
• Teaching a new process to the students. Example: How
can I teach third graders to do reflection?
MODELS and GUIDE in CONDUCTING ACTION RESEARCH
• McNiff & Whitehead 2006 (Adaptation)
Action
Research Cycle
OBSERVE Identify the problem.
1. Based on observation and noticing, what
problematic situations prevail in the
classroom or teaching learning
environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus
on?
3. What does literature say about this
problem? On what theories or principles,
I learned before is the problem
anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all throughout
the process.)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I
intended to change for the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to
improve my practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I
collaborate?
PLAN Plan an Action Research Strategy
1. What type of research will I use?
Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I describe my Innovation?
Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period
of time?
ACT Take Action
1. How do I put my plan into action? How
long?
2. How will I gather data or information?
3. What sense or meaning do I get out of
the data?
EVALUATE Use Findings
1. Where do I apply results to improve
practice?
2. Are my findings worth sharing?
MODIFY Move To Another Cycle
1. Is there a need to modify intervention to
get new results?
2. Should I move to another cycle of action
research?
 • Nelson, O 2014 Model
OBSERVE Identify The Problem
1. Based on observation and noticing, what
problematic situation prevails in the
classroom or teaching learning
environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus
on?
3. What does literature say about this
problem? On what theories or principles,
I leaned before are the problems
anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all throughout
the process.)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I
intend to change for the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to
improve my practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I
collaborate
PLAN Plan an Action Research Strategy
1. What type of research will I use?
Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I describe my Innovation?
Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period
of time?
ACT Take Action
4. How do I put my plan into action? How
long?
5. How will I gather data or information?
What sense or meaning do I get out of the
data?

• Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model)

Action Research Key
Action Research Process
Components
I. CONTEXT AND Identify the Problem
RATIONALE 1. Why I am doing this?
II. ACTION 2. What is the background of my
RESEARCH action research?
QUESTIONS 3. What Problem/question am I trying
to solve?
4. What do I hope to achieve?
 III. PROPOSED Propose Plan
INNOVATION, 1. What do I plan as a solution to the
INTERVENTION problem I identified? (Describe.)
AND STRATEGY 2. What innovation will I introduce so
solve the problem? (Describe.)
3. What strategy should I introduce?
(Describe.)
IV. ACTION Plan of Action Research
RESEARCH 1. Who are to participate? (my
METHIDS students, peers, myself?
a. Participants and/ or 2. What are my sources of
other Sources of information? (participants)
Data and 3. How shall I gather information?
Information 4. How will I analyze my
b. Data Gathering data/information?
methods
c. Data Analysis Plan
V. ACTION Action Research Work Plan
RESEARCH 1. What should my work plan
WORK PLAN contain? (targets, activities,
AND TIMELINES persons involved, timeline, cost)
2. How long Will I conduct my
intervention? (for reliable results 8
to 12 weeks)

VI. COST Action Research Cost – (Consider also

ESTIMATES the maximum cost if externally funded
like DepEd, LGUs, NGO or personal)
VII. PLANS FOR Sharing Results
DISSEMINATION 1. How will I share the result of my
AND action research? (Publish, Present,
UTILIZATON Flyers, LAC sessions)
2. Can I collaborate with other
teachers to continue or replicate
my study?
VIII. REFERENCES References
1. What reading materials and
references are included in my
review of literature?

Both Action Research Process above are supported by the two RA

Models which will be presented next
Revisit the Infographic/s
 Action Research is a dynamic Process anchored on Reflection
Action of Observing, Reflecting, Acting, Evaluating and
Modifying.

Figure 1. An Action-Reflection Cycle as Basis for Action Research

Source:
McNiff and Whitehead, 2006

Action Research is a cyclical, recursive process of observe > >

reflect >> act>> evaluate>>modify>> move in new direction is known
as action-reflection (McNiff & Whitehead, 2006) In 2011, McNiff defined
action research as a form of inquiry that enables practitioners to
investigate and evaluate process, proceeding through spiraling cycle
of planning, actions, reflections and change.

In a similar vein, Nelson, 2014 proposed an action research cycle

that starts with Observe followed by Reflect, Plan and Act which can
also go through evaluation and modification. It also follows a cyclical
process.

Source: Nelson O. 2014

Participate and Assist

You are now ready to participate and assist!

Understanding fully the concept and the process of Action

Research will enable you to learn and provide the needed assistance
to your teacher mentor in doing Action Research.

Notice

What concepts have been emphasized in the task and infographics?

Give at least four.
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________

Since the 3 models are all for action research, what are the common
elements of the three?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_
Analyze

Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.

• Analyze the components vis-à-vis only one model out if the
3 presented.

* If you choose to compare with Model A-McNiff &

Whitehead, 2006, here are the components
Title and Author of the Action Research
Key Entry from your Sample AR
Components
OBSERVE The Problem
REFLECT Reflection
PLAN Plan of Action
ACT Implementation
EVALUATE Findings
MODIFY Recommendation

* If you choose to compare with Model B- Nelson, O. 2014,

here are the components.
Title and Author of the Action Research
Key Entry from your Sample AR
Components
OBSERVE The Problem
REFLECT Reflection
PLAN Plan of Action
ACT Implementation

Or if you choose the DepEd Model, 2017, here are the

components.
Title and Author: (the same as your entry Model A)
Key Components Entry from your Sample AR
I. Context and Rationale Study Background
II. Action Research AR Questions
Questions
III. Proposed Innovation, Describe
Intervention Strategy Innovation/Intervention/Strategy
IV. Action Research Describe Action Research
Methods Methods
a. Participants/ Other
Sources of Data
b. Data Gathering Methods
c. Data Analysis Plan
V. Action Research Summarize Action Research
Work Plan Work Plan
VI. Cost Estimate Write cost estimate
VII. Plan for Describe how the results will be
Dissemination and shared.
Utilization
VIII. References Write at least 3 references

What have you understood about the concept of Action Research

and how will these be utilized in your practice?

Reflect

As a future teacher, is conducting an Action Research worth doing?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

How an AR be useful for every classroom teacher?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Write Action Research Prompts

 OBSERVE
Remembering my classroom observations in FS 1, I noticed that there
are many questions that I raised in my mind. These include:
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________

REFLECT

Thinking deeply about those problems, perhaps something must have

been done to solve the problem or answer the question, like:
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________

PLAN

Now that I am in FS 2, I plan to make a plan for my solution to

problem (choose from a, b, c) because
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

ACT

My action will come later, given enough time in FS 2 or during my

teaching Internship.

Check for Mastery

Direction: Check from the choices, what answer/s respond to the

question correctly and put an X if otherwise.

1. Action research requires a teacher to be:

_______ observant of what is happening in the classroom.
_______ asking oneself of how to improve teaching.
_______ following the daily routine all the time.
_______ finding ways on how children should learn better.
_______ blaming learners for their inability to learn.

2. There are many ways of doing action research which follow a

cyclical process. The process includes:
_______ Observe, Reflect, Plan, Act
_______ Observe, Plan, Act, Reflect
_______ Reflect, Act, Plan, Observe
_______ Plan, Observe, Act, Reflect
 _______ Modify, Observe, Plan, Reflect

3. As an action researcher, I will be developing my skill as a person

who is
_______ Systematic
_______ Reflective
_______ Rigorous
_______ Futuristic
_______ Situational
4. On which of the following would you choose to conduct an Action Research. Why?
______ Changes in the classroom pictures. Why?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

______ Effects of curriculum restricting. Why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

______ Understanding of self as a teacher. Why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

______ Teaching a new process to the students. Why?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

5. Which of the following relates closely to what action research is?

________ Used to address practical problems in the classroom
________ Refers only to everyday life of the learners
________ Allows teachers to study their own classroom
________ Brings theories and practices together

Work on my Artifacts

Your artifact will be a full-blown completed Action Research