Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) as Bio Glue

A Research Proposal Submitted to

San Andres Vocational School

Divino Rostro, San Andres,

Catanduanes

In Partial Fulfilment of Requirements

In Science 10

Researched by:

Myles Andrei Facundo

John Aly Araojo

John Kevin B. Magno

Nikko Andrei D. Guerrero

Karl Jessie C. Clavo

Justin Roi A. Nazareno

Mr. Paulo M. Dela Cruz

Research Adviser
 INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the recent years, a lot of glue has been produce to stick things especially for
paper. Despite being a perfect thing to stick things together there is still somethings that
can be improve like being free from harmful chemicals. Another thing is that the material
being applied by the glue which is the paper is biodegradable while the glue is not.
(Clark, 2019). Many research had been conducted to make glue out of organic materials
such as the research of Margaret Christiane T. Agulia who used cigarette filter to make
glue. Apart from glue, seed mucilage was also studied and made into glue by Agiezka
Kreischitiz. Despite a lot of research about bio-glue there is still no study about using
Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) as a main component to make glue.

Upon thinking of the idea of using Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) as the main
component needed we, the researchers, aims to achieve a glue that is different from the
said existing products such as commercial glue and can be used as alternative in
achieving that, first we gathered the materials needed especially the main component,
the Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea). After getting the materials we peeled the skin of the
root and grated it, after grating it we squeezed it to get the extract the strain it to remove
unnecessary bits of Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea). We put the extract of the Uraro
(Maranta Arundinacea) in a pan then put it on the stove and turn it on the lowest
settings then stirred it slowly. We added vinegar to the extract while mixing slowly, after
a while of mixing the extract turns into the glue. The glue is very easy to make with just
a few materials needed. And through this our product can be a good alternative to the
commercial glue in terms of: doesn’t contain any harmful chemicals or non-toxic, easy
to use, and easy to dry. (Jeyanthi, 2023)
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The objective of our study is to produce and investigate the adhesiveness and
stickiness properties of Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) when turn into glue.

The following are also objectives:

 To test the effectiveness of the glue when applied

 To know what materials will the glue stick on
 To know its significance to the community

Hypothesis: The Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) extract and other material will turn into a
substance and hopefully sticky enough to be considered glue

Alternative Hypothesis:

There is a significant difference between glue made from Uraro (Maranta

Arundinacea) from commercial glue in terms of:

a. Viscosity
b. Drying time
c. Shelf life

Null Hypothesis:

There is no significant difference between glue made from Uraro (Maranta

Arundinacea) from commercial glue in terms of:

a. Viscosity
b. Drying time
c. Shelf life
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Aside from making glue from Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) as alternative, the
results of the study, could be a stepping stone to create more bio-products in the future.
Making use of plants to create something would help the environment.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of the study is to show the effectiveness of the glue when applying on
paper. The investigation limits the use of chemicals added to the production of the glue
since using chemicals especially would remove the essence of the study which is to
make non-toxic glue in which the main components are Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea)
and vinegar.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Thiya Murkherjee Gums (2019) contains complex polysaccharides

that have applications that says Mucalages and Gums can be turn into glue. The
researches did three laboratory exercise which begins with a demonstration of the water
absorption property of seed coat mucilage upon hydration of seeds from psyllium. The
second exercise involves microscopy of a variety of plant seeds stained with ruthenium
red eye to visualize pectin polysaccharides of the second mucilage. The third exercise
highlights an industrial application of gums as adhesives.

From the study of Margaret Christiane T. Aguila and Nadine Isabel M. Adena
(2019) to use cigarette filter as main component. They did two experimental set up in
which set-up A and B has different grams of cigarette filters and set-up has one control,
which is commercial glue. Kruskal Wallis tested the two set ups and set b has more
significant difference than the set-up A though the product has less adhesive properties
than commercial ones in terms of adhesiveness.
 According to Clark Addis/ Rachel Koh (2019) research found that a linseed oil-
based glue from flax showed great promise. He tested the glue response under wet
conditions on domino sized pieces of Douglas fish, ash, and poplar, all common woods
in construction industry. Upon testing the glue responded particularly well on poplar. He
also checked its strength using tensile tester. The glues strength took half a kilonewton
for the locking, glued pieces of ash to fail. He said that one problem with current bio-
based adhesives is that they have poor moisture resistance and can’t withstand
exposure to the weather. Despite that he said linseed oil has potential for creating glue
as it forms a strong a strong covalent bond and is non-carcinogenic. Eddie’s study
shows that it is possible to make glue from plants.

Agniezka Kreitschitz’s (2021) study states that the seed and fruit mucilage is
composed of three types of polysaccharides- pectins, cellulose, and hemicelluloses-
and demonstrates adhesive properties after hydration. Functions of the mucilage is to
enable seeds to attach to diverse natural surfaces. Its adhesive properties increases
during dehydration. Though it took a lot of time to experiment the researchers managed
to concluded that the adhesive strength of mucilage envelope can reach significantly
higher values in comparison with the standard type of commercial glue. This shows
potential that environmental friendly, non-toxic glue and adhesives can be made.

Mingruo Guo and Guorong Wang’s (2016) research says that milk proteins
(caseins and whey polymers) possess important natural polymers. Casein is one of the
oldest natural polymers, used for adhesives. Research on milk-protein-based adhesive
is still ongoing. The article deals with the chemistry and structure of milk protein
polymers, and examples of uses in environmentally-safe adhesives, the researchers
didn’t entirely focus on making a product rather the structure and chemistry of milk
which help prove that making glue as milk as its main component can be made.

From the study of R. Kamalambigeswari, S. Sharmila, L. Jeyanthi Rebcca (2023)

to make a water resistant glue from milk plastic, they used three types of plastic: soya
milk, fresh cow milk, and pastured. All three milk used the same method in making the
glue then test the water resistance, 2 pieces of cardboard were adhered together with
the glue submerged in water. After being stable in roughly 10 minutes. It was then
loosened. The disadvantage of this is its slightly more expensive when using pure glue
but when using waste milk products, the price is lower.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Polysaccharides – a carbohydrate with some sugar molecules bonded together

Microscopy – the use of a microscope.

Adhesiveness – the stickiness of a substance.

Flax – herd plant with blue flowers.

Kilonewton – one thousand newtons (the absolute unit of force)

Non-carcinogenic – something that is not known to cause cancer

Polymers – a substance that has its molecular structure consisted mostly of a

vast amount of similar units that are bonded together.

Water resistant – able to resist water penetration up to some point

 METHODOLOGY

A. MATERIALS / EQUIPMENT

MATERIALS

Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) Vinegar

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Pan Strainer

Basin Grater
The procedure we did in the making bio-glue :

Step 1: We peeled the skin and clean the Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea).

Step 2: Grated the Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) to get the extract:

Step 3: Squeezed and strained the grated Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) for the
separation of unwanted fiber from the extract.
 Step 4: After taking the extract we placed it in a pan and added vinegar, then turn
the stove in low heat, and put the pan in the stove.

Step 5: The mixture is stirred until it become viscous, and its done.

B. TREATMENT / GENERAL PROCEDURE

PREPARATION IN MAKING THE URARO GLUE

The Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) were collected in Comagaycay

Elementary School, Comagaycay, San Andres, Catanduanes. The preparation started
by peeling the skin of the Uraro then after peeling we washed it. The extraction of the
Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) was done by shredding it. The extract was then strained
to remove or separate the unnecessary bits of Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea). The
extract was put in a pan which is being heated and mix it with vinegar. The mixture is
being stirred while it is being boiled. After a while the extract turns into glue. The product
was tested on paper.
FINDINGS

Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) as bio-glue

Uraro (Maranta Amount of No. of minutes Characteristics

Arundinacea) vinegar boiled (color and smell)
(kg)
¾ kilogram 1 tablespoon 5 minutes Brownish-vinegar
odor
¾ kilogram 1 teaspoon 5 minutes Brownish-light
vinegar odor
Analysis of the Data

The table 1 presents ¾ kilogram of Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) mixed by 1

tablespoon of vinegar and boiled for 5 minutes produces viscous substance which has a
brownish color and gives an odor of vinegar. The table 2 presents ¾ kilogram of Uraro
(Maranta Arundinacea) mixed by 1 teaspoon of vinegar and boiled for 5 minutes
produces viscous substance which has a brownish color and gives a light odor of
vinegar.
 CONCLUSION

Upon getting the results, the conclusion can be drawn.

The glue made from Uraro (Maranta Arundinacea) is effective in sticking paper
the time it needed didn’t occupy a lot of time to dry but the shelf life is short.

RECOMMENDATION

For further improvements, it is recommended that:

1. Experiments are needed regarding the following:

a. The odor of the vinegar must be removed
b. Find a way to increase its shelf life by using non chemical
preservatives
c. Use different color
2. Compare it to different types of glue.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Making glue from seeds and gums: Working with plant-based polymers to
introduce students to plant biochemistry. Thiya Murkherjee, Ruben Lerma-Reyes, Kyle
A Thompson, Kathrin Shrick. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 47 (4),
468-475, 2019.

Reference: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=related:zgb_q-
pu7ZMJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=tl&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&t=1682432432846&u=
%23p%3Dzgb_q-pU7

Cigarette filter as Main component of paper glue. Margret Christiane T. Aguaila,

Nadine Isabel M. Adena

Reference: https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/11947

Harness nature to make better polymer adhesive. Clark Addis’20.

Reference: https://news.lafayette.edu/2019

Plant seed mucilage as a Glue: Adhesive Properties of Hydrated and Dried-in-

Contact Seed Mucilage of Five Plant Species. Agniezka Kreitschitz, Alexander Kovalev
and Stanislav N. Gorb.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031443

Milk Protein Polymer and its Application in Environmentally Safe Adhesives.

Mingruo Guo and Guorong Wang

Reference: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8090324
 Preparation of Water Resistant Glue from Milk Plastic. R. Kamalambigeswari, S.
Sharmila, L. Jeyanthi Rebcca

Reference: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctcb/v7/17478D