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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition

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Fahmida Rahman

This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization focuses on the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture describes attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU's major parts are the control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnection.

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William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition

Uploaded by

Fahmida Rahman
81 views16 pages
This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization focuses on the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture describes attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU's major parts are the control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnection.

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Computer architecture

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CH01-COA9e

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This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization focuses on the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture describes attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU's major parts are the control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnection.

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© All Rights Reserved
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81 views16 pages

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition

Uploaded by

Fahmida Rahman
This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization focuses on the operational units and their interconnections, while architecture describes attributes visible to programmers like instruction sets. The main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU's major parts are the control unit, ALU, registers, and internal interconnection.

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+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+
Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
• Attributes of a • Instruction set, number of
system visible to bits used to represent
the programmer various data types, I/O
• Have a direct mechanisms, techniques
impact on the for addressing memory
logical execution of
a program
Computer Architectural
Architecture attributes include:

Organizational Computer
attributes include: Organization
• Hardware details
transparent to the
programmer, control • The operational units and
signals, interfaces between their interconnections that
the computer and realize the architectural
peripherals, memory specifications
technology used
+
IBM System
370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon
original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same
architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe
product line
+
Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system
 Structure
 Set of interrelated subsystems
 The way in which components
 Hierarchical nature of complex relate to each other
systems is essential to both their
 Function
design and their description
 The operation of individual
 Designer need only deal with a components as part of the
particular level of the system at a structure
time
 Concerned with structure and
function at each level
+
Function
 A computer can perform four
basic functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
+
Operation

Operations (a)

Data movement
+
Operation

Operations (b)

Data Storage
+
Operation

Operations (c)

Data Movement
+
Operation

Operations (d)

Control
The
Computer
Structure
+  CPU – controls the operation of
the computer and performs its data
There are four processing functions
main structural  Main Memory – stores data
components
of the computer:  I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment

 System Interconnection – some


mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main
memory, and I/O
+  Control Unit
CPU  Controls the operation of the CPU and
hence the computer
Major structural
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:  Performs the computer’s data processing
function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers
+ Summary
Introduction

Chapter 1
 Computer Organization
 Structure
 CPU
 Computer Architecture  Main memory
 Function
 I/O
 Data processing
 System interconnection
 Data storage  CPU structural components
 Data movement  Control unit
 Control  ALU
 Registers
 CPU interconnection
+
Internet Resources

http://www.williamstallings.com/Com
puterOrganization/

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