William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 9 Edition
+
William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
•Attributes of a system •Instruction set, number of
visible to the bits used to represent
programmer various data types, I/O
•Have a direct impact on mechanisms, techniques
the logical execution of a for addressing memory
program
Architectural
Computer
attributes
Architecture
include:
Organizational
Computer
attributes
Organization
include:
•Hardware details •The operational units and
transparent to the their interconnections
programmer, control that realize the
signals, interfaces architectural
between the computer specifications
and peripherals, memory
technology used
+ IBM System
370 Architecture
IBM System/370 architecture
Was introduced in 1970
Included a number of models
Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to
abandon original software
New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the
same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is
protected
Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s
mainframe product line
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Structure and Function
Hierarchical system
Structure
Set of interrelated
The way in which
subsystems
components relate to each
Hierarchical nature of complex other
systems is essential to both
Function
their design and their
description The operation of individual
components as part of the
Designer need only deal with structure
a particular level of the system
at a time
Concerned with structure
and function at each level
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Function
A computer can perform
four basic functions:
● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
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Operations
(a)
Data movement
+
Operations
(b)
Data storage
+
Operations
(c)
Data processing (1)
+
Operations
(d)
Data processing (2)
The
Computer
Structure
+
- CPU – controls the operation of
the computer and performs its
There are four data processing functions
main structural
components - Main Memory – stores data
of the computer: - I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment
- System Interconnection – some
mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main
memory, and I/O
+ Control Unit
CPU
Controls the operation of the CPU
and hence the computer
Major structural
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:
Performs the computer’s data
processing function
Registers
Provide storage internal to the CPU
CPU Interconnection
Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control
unit, ALU, and registers
+ Summary
Introduction
Chapter 1
Computer Organization Structure
CPU
Computer Architecture Main memory
Function I/O
Data processing System interconnection
Data storage CPU structural components
Data movement Control unit
Control ALU
Registers
CPU interconnection
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Key Terms
Chapter 1
arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) main memory
central processing unit (CPU) processor
computer architecture registers
computer organization system bus
control unit
input–output (I/O)
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Recommended
reading
Chapter 1
How a CPU Works - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNN_tTXABUA
Fujitsu TS Mainboard Production Augsburg HD -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylk6VMBLrvM