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Some typefaces have a single-story form of a. This has a dedicated Unicode character ⟨ɑ⟩ for IPA use. |
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Page categories
Translingual
editEtymology 1
editModification of capital A.
Pronunciation
editPronunciation of IPA [aː]: (file)
Letter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
- (superscript) See ª.
Symbol
edita
- (IPA, phonetics) an open front or central unrounded vowel.
- (IPA, superscript ⟨ᵃ⟩) [a]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [a].
- (international standards) transliterates Indic अ (or equivalent).
See also
edit- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter A): Áá Àà Ââ Ǎǎ Ăă Ãã Ảả Ȧȧ Ạạ Ää Åå Ḁḁ Āā Ąą ᶏ Ⱥⱥ Ȁȁ Ấấ Ầầ Ẫẫ Ẩẩ Ậậ Ắắ Ằằ Ẵẵ Ẳẳ Ặặ Ǻǻ Ǡǡ Ǟǟ Ȁȁ Ȃȃ Ɑɑ ᴀ Ɐɐ ɒ Aa Ææ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ꜳꜳ Ꜵꜵ Ꜷꜷ Ꜹꜹ Ꜻꜻ
- For more variations, see Appendix:Variations of "a".
Further reading
edit- a on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- open front unrounded vowel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
editAbbreviation of atto-, from Danish atten (“eighteen”).
Symbol
edita
- atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.
Etymology 3
editSymbol
edita
- Year as a unit of time, specifically a Julian year or 365.25 days.
Etymology 4
editAbbreviation of are, from French are.
Symbol
edita
Etymology 5
editAbbreviation of English acceleration.
Symbol
edita
Etymology 6
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from annuity?”)
Symbol
edita
- (actuarial notation) Annuity; (specifically) annuity-immediate.
- ax:n̅| ― n-year annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
- ax ― life annuity-immediate to a person currently age x
Other representations of A:
Gallery
editEnglish
editEtymology 1
editThe letter name is from Middle English ā, from Old French, ultimately from Latin ā. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced the futhorc letter ᚪ (a) beginning in the 7th century, and partially also ᚫ (æ).
Pronunciation
edit- (letter name)
- (UK, US) IPA(key): /ˈeɪ/
Audio (US): (file) - (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈæɪ/
- (Canada) IPA(key): [ˈeː]
- Rhymes: -eɪ
- The current pronunciation resulted from the Great Vowel Shift. Before the early part of the 17th century, the pronunciation was similar to that in other languages.
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /æ/, /ɑː/, /eɪ/, /ə/, etc.
Letter
edita (lowercase, uppercase A, plural as or a's)
- The first letter of the English alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- 1917, John Wesley Young, Frank Millett Morgan, Elementary Mathematical Analysis, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 487:
- This expression is zero, for we have replaced the column of a's by the column of b's and hence the determinant has two columns identical.
- 1926, George Kelly, Craig's Wife, Act I, page 5:
- Passmore. Capital P-a-double s-m-o-r-e.
- 1974, Ervin A. Dennis, John D. Jenkins, “A Font of Type”, in Comprehensive Graphic Arts, Indianapolis, I.N.: Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc., →ISBN, page 26, column 2:
- Note that with 18-point type, fifteen capital A's, twenty-five lowercase a's, and twelve 1's are obtained with one font. With this information, it is possible to refer to Table 10-1 which gives the number of characters for each letter, punctuation mark, or figure.
- 2013, Margaret McPhee, Mistress to the Marquis, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Historical, →ISBN, page 249:
- Across every sheet of paper were lines and lines of letters of the alphabet. A row of a's followed by a row of b's and so on, pages of them, like pages from a copy book, crudely formed as if from the hand of a young child.
- 2014 February 23, Rivka Galchen, “What’s Become of the So-Called Literary Bad Boy?”, in The New York Times[2], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-02-19:
- In the seventh grade I admired a charismatic, witty girl who had a particular way of writing her lowercase a's. After some practice, I took to writing my lowercase a's in the same fashion.
Usage notes
edit- In English, the letter a usually denotes the near-open front unrounded vowel (IPA(key): /æ/), as in pad, the open back unrounded vowel (IPA(key): /ɑː/) as in father, the mid-central vowel (IPA(key): /ə/) when unstressed as in about, or, when followed by another vowel, the diphthong IPA(key): /eɪ/, as in ace.
- A is the third most common letter in English.
Derived terms
editSee also
edit- (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Numeral
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The ordinal number first, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
Noun
edit- The name of the Latin script letter A / a.
- 1816, William Young Ottley, An Inquiry Into the Origin and Early History of Engraving […], volume II, London: […] John and Arthur Arch, […] by J. M'Creery, page 621:
- This piece somewhat resembles an a. On the left is a man seated on the ground, with a dog between his legs, and a large bird of prey in his hands, which appears to be biting his head.
- 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Epic”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 2:
- But with some prelude of disparagement, / Read, mouthing out his hollow oes and aes, / Deep-chested music, and to this result.
- [1906, Leigh H[adley] Irvine, “Abbreviations in General”, in The Magazine Style Code: A Manual For The Guidance Of Authors, Reporters And All Who Write, San Francisco, C.A.: Crown Publishing Company, pages 15–16:
- Letters should be spelled as follows; aes, bees, cees, dees, ees, efs, gees, aitches, ies, jays, kays, els, ems, ens, oes, pees, ques, ars, esses, tees, ues, vees, ws or dubleyuz, exes, wyes, zees.]
- 1993, Frank Pagden, “Teaching”, in The Gospel According to St. Lynas, Tunbridge Wells: Mitre, →ISBN, unnumbered page:
- St Lynas was chatting with a group of rebellious young college students one day, who decried the moral standards of the past. ¶ So St Lynas drew an 'a' on some paper, and asked them what it was. ¶ 'A' they said.
- 2023, Amanda Stevens, Secret of Shutter Lake, Toronto, Ont.: Harlequin Intrigue, →ISBN, page 237:
- Compare Lydia's signature on some of the work orders with the warning notes. The loop through the lowercase a is similar. See what I mean?
Alternative forms
editDerived terms
editTranslations
editSee also
edit- (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed (Category: en:Latin letter names)
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle English a, an, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”). More at one. The "n" was gradually lost before consonants in almost all dialects by the 15th century. Cognate with Alemannic German a (“a, an”), East Franconian a (“a, an”).
Pronunciation
edit- (stressed) IPA(key): /ˈeɪ/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /ə/
Audio (US, stressed form): (file) Audio (US, unstressed form): (file) - Rhymes: -eɪ
- Homophone: her (non-rhotic, unstressed form)
Article
edita
- An unspecified example of (something); the indefinite article. [from before 1150][1]
- There was a man here looking for you yesterday.
- 1835, [Washington Irving], chapter XX, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 151:
- He had another formidable difficulty in getting him across the river, where both horses stuck for a time in the mire, and Beatte was nearly unseated from his saddle by the force of the current and the struggles of his captive.
- 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C[harles] Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 6, column 1:
- The young man thanked me, and took his leave with some little precipitation, after declining a glass of liquor.
- 1868 January 4 – June 6, [William] Wilkie Collins, “(please specify the page) [Fourth Narrative. Extracted from the Journal of Ezra Jennings.]”, in The Moonstone. A Romance. […], volume III, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1868, →OCLC, page 185:
- Speaking as a servant, I am deeply indebted to you. Speaking as a man, I consider you to be a person whose head is full of maggots, and I take up my testimony against your experiment as a delusion and a snare.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, “Preface”, in The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page vii:
- With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]
- 2005, Emily Kingsley (lyricist), Kevin Clash (voice actor), “A Cookie is a Sometime Food”, Sesame Street, season 36, Sesame Workshop:
- Hoots the Owl: Yes a, fruit, is a [sic], any, time, food!
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
- 2023 March 9, Moya Lothian-Mclean, “A nose ring, a bicycle, a Radiohead album: I'm becoming a total cliche – and I quite like it”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian[3], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-11:
- In retrospect, I realise, I had been unconsciously devoting a large amount of energy to negative choice, a concept I'm borrowing and adapting from sociologist Eva Illouz's 2019 treatise, The End of Love (by way of a viral Paris Review essay).
- 2024 May 21, Sarah Larson, “When the C.I.A. Turned Writers Into Operatives”, in The New Yorker[4], New York, N.Y.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-21:
- The C.I.A. infiltrated not just magazines, radio, and movies but youth organizations and movements like Abstract Expressionism; all were meant to inspire a reverence for democracy and freedom, a project that, in Walker's telling, often tips into absurdity.
- One; used before score, dozen, hundred, thousand, million, etc.
- I've seen it happen a hundred times.
- 1945, Peter Cheyney, Sinister Errand, London: Collins, published 1952, page 8:
- Everybody drinks a lot in wartime, but it seemed to me that I must have drunk enough to float a couple of battleships.
- 2024 February 27, “The economics of skiing in America”, in The Economist[5], London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 8 May 2024:
- By the time he gets onto a chair, the pristine powder snow below the lift has already been chopped up by a hundred tracks, and the line to get back up stretches the length of a football field.
- Used in some phrases denoting quantity, such as a few, a good many, a couple, a little, a bit, etc.
- He's a bit thick, isn't he?
- They asked me a few questions.
- 1869, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, “My Lord and Lady”, in Little Women: […], part second, Boston, Mass.: Roberts Brothers, →OCLC, page 315:
- But I was going to say, that while I was dawdling about abroad, I saw a good many talented young fellows making all sorts of sacrifices, and enduring real hardships, that they might realize their dreams. Splendid fellows, some of them, working like heroes, poor and friendless, but so full of courage, patience and ambition, that I was ashamed of myself, and longed to give them a right good lift.
- 1989, Robert T. Michael, Heidi I[rmgard] Hartmann, Brigid O'Farrell, editors, Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 3, column 2:
- The main influence here is job tenure—the men had been at their specific jobs a good while longer than the women.
- 2024 February 13, René M. van Westen, Henk A. Dijkstra, Michael Kliphuis, “If the Atlantic Ocean Loses Circulation, What Happens Next?”, in Scientific American[6], New York, N.Y.: Springer Nature America, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 February 2024:
- Twenty years after the movie's release, we know a lot more about the Atlantic Ocean's circulation. Instruments deployed in the ocean starting in 2004 show that the Atlantic Ocean circulation has observably slowed over the past two decades, possibly to its weakest state in almost a millennium.
- Used before a numeral.
- There are a few hundred orders that need to be fulfilled by tomorrow.
- 1934, Alan Villiers, Whalers of the Midnight Sun: […], New York, N.Y., London: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 154:
- The blues were eating leisurely, swimming about and opening their great mouths, spouting and filling their enormous stomachs with intense satisfaction. They had no idea of danger. There must have been about fifteen of them, peacefully feeding. One of them, its belly gorged probably with a few trillion plankton, seemed to be lying asleep on the surface.
- 2020 July 31, Brian Friedberg, “The Dark Virality of a Hollywood Blood-Harvesting Conspiracy”, in Wired[7], San Francisco, C.A.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-15:
- The impact of hidden virality can't be stopped by retroactively banning a few thousand Twitter accounts; it is an iterative, memetic phenomenon that outpaces terms of service.
- 2023, Don Winslow, City of Dreams, London: HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 332:
- That was on the first day's walk. It took him until day three, after a good ten miles, to ask her out.
- Used in some adverbial phrases denoting the degree or extent of an action, such as a little, a bit, a lot, etc.
- The door was opened a little.
- 1978, Deane H. Shapiro, Jr., Precision Nirvana, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc., →ISBN, page 104:
- If, for example, you ask a child what he likes to do, he may say he doesn't know. However, if you watch him during free time, and note that he plays basketball a lot, you may infer that this is a high-probability behavior, and he finds it reinforcing.
- 2009, James H. S. McGregor, Paris From the Ground Up, Cambridge, M.A., London: Belknap Press, →ISBN, page 163:
- The bridge was shifted a bit to the east and rebuilt, this time with the shops of money-changers along both sides.
- 2023 January 13, Dana G. Smith, “Even a Little Alcohol Can Harm Your Health, Research Shows”, in The New York Times[8], New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-10:
- You don't need to go cold turkey to help your health. Even reducing a little bit can be beneficial, especially if you currently drink over the recommended limits.
- The same; one and the same. Used in phrases such as of a kind, birds of a feather, etc.
- We are of a mind on matters of morals.
- They're two of a kind.
- Any; every; used before a noun which has become modified to limit its scope.[2]
- A man who dies intestate leaves his children troubles and difficulties.
- Any; used with a negative to indicate not a single one.[3]
- It was so dark that we couldn't see a thing.
- He fell all that way, and hasn't a bump on his head?
- 2001, Stephen Lawhead, The Mystic Rose Book (Celtic Crusades; III), London, […]: BCA, page 180:
- No, it is impossible. My conscience would give me not a moment's peace if I let you go. I would never forgive myself.
- 2016, Daphna Rabinovitch, “Fudge Truffle Tart”, in The Baker in Me, Vancouver, B.C.: Whitecap Books, →ISBN, page 204:
- My friend Cindy's husband, Michael Zahavi, a true chocoholic if there ever was one, adores this tart. In fact, when I visited their cottage up in Muskoka, Ontario one summer and brought this along as a treat, he got up in the middle of the night to nosh away at it, leaving us sleepyheads with nary a crumb the next day.
- Used before an adjective that modifies a noun (singular or plural) delimited by a numeral.
- The lottery jackpot is worth a staggering three hundred million dollars.
- The holidays are a mere one week away.
- One; someone named; used before a person's name, suggesting that the speaker knows little about the person other than the name.[4]
- We've received an interesting letter from a Mrs. Miggins of London.
- Used before an adjective modifying a person's name, typically used to emphasize that person's current condition or emotional state.
- 2016, David J. Bailey, The Storm, London: Austin Macauley Publishers Ltd., →ISBN, page 147:
- "There, I think that's done it," declared a triumphant John, "we just need to try it with the bar now, where is it?"
- 2018, “Rwandan court drops all charges against opposition figure”, in Associated Press:
- "I will continue my campaign to fight for the rights of all Rwandans," a surprised but happy Rwigara told reporters after celebrating.
- Someone or something like; similar to; used before a proper noun to create an example out of it.[3]
- The center of the village was becoming a Times Square.
- The man is a regular Romeo.
- 1987, Frederic V. Grunfeld, Rodin: A Biography, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 88:
- [Jules] Pécher actually sculpted a sort of Statue of Liberty for the centerpiece of the monument, but for the rest he thought it advisable to call in Van Rasbourgh, and Rodin thus became a ghost sculptor to a ghost sculptor.
- 2009, Ed Macy, Hellfire, London: Harper Press, →ISBN, page 134:
- Billy fancied himself as a bit of a Han Solo, but he shook his head. 'Stop being a wuss.' He grinned. 'Your go.'
- 2020, Laura Erickson, The Love Lives of Birds: Courting and Mating Rituals, North Adams, M.A.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 81:
- For the first 5 or 6 days after the eggs hatch, the mother spends most of her time keeping the chicks warm while the father provides most of their meals. All that work may be what prompts the female to leave the family. They share feeding duties more equally during the next week or 10 days, until the young leave the nest. Producing a second batch is easier if she skips the last grueling week or two of provisioning fledglings. She can recharge her batteries by moseying off and, while on vacation, looking for a new Casanova.
Usage notes
edit- In standard English, the article a is used before consonant sounds, while an is used before vowel sounds; for more, see the usage notes about an.
Derived terms
editTranslations
editSee also
editEtymology 3
edit- From Middle English a, o, from Old English a-, an, on.
- Unstressed form of on.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- To do with separation; In, into. [from before 1150][1]
- torn a pieces
- To do with time; Each, per, in, on, by. Often occurs between two nouns, where the first noun occurs at the end of a verbal phrase.[from before 1150][1]
- I brush my teeth twice a day.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:
- A Sundays
- 2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America[9], archived from the original on 7 February 2019:
- Patent requests for machine learning activities grew on average by 28 percent a year between 2013 and 2016, the study found.
- To do with status; In. [from before 1150][1]
- King James Bible (II Chronicles 2:18)
- To set the people a worke.
- King James Bible (II Chronicles 2:18)
- (archaic) To do with position or direction; In, on, at, by, towards, onto. [from before 1150][1]
- stand a tiptoe
- (archaic) To do with process, with a passive verb; In the course of, experiencing. [from before 1150][1]
- 1964, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “The Times They Are a-Changin'”:
- The times, they are a-changin'.
- (archaic) To do with an action, an active verb; Engaged in. [16th c.][1]
- c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:
- It was a doing.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 11:21:
- Jacob, when he was a dying
- (archaic) To do with an action/movement; To, into. [16th c.][1]
- (obsolete) To do with method; In, with. [from before 1150][1]
- c. 1589–1590 (date written), Christopher Marlo[we], edited by Tho[mas] Heywood, The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Iew of Malta. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Nicholas Vavasour, […], published 1633, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
- Stands here a purpose.
- (obsolete) To do with role or capacity; In. [from before 1150][1]
Usage notes
edit- (position, direction): Can also be attached without a hyphen, as aback, ahorse, afoot. See a-
- (separation): Can also be attached without hyphen, as asunder. See a-
- (status): Can also be attached without hyphen, as afloat, awake. See a-.
- (process): Can also be attached with or without hyphen, as a-changing
See also
editEtymology 4
editFrom Middle English a, ha contraction of have, or haven.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
edita
- (dialectal or slang) Have (auxiliary verb).
- I'd a come, if you'd a asked.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], signature H2, recto:
- So would I a done, by yonder Sunne, / If thou hadſt not come to my bed.
- 1863 May 22 – 1863 June 26, L[ouisa] M[ay] Alcott, “A Day”, in Hospital Sketches, Boston, Mass.: James Redpath, […], published August 1863, →OCLC, page 36:
- "Well, I reckon it did, marm, for that shot would a gone a couple a inches deeper but for my old mammy's camphor bag," answered the cheerful philosopher.
- 1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter VII, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 54:
- He dropped below me, with the current, and by-and-by he come a-swinging up shore in the easy water, and he went by so close I could a reached out the gun and touched him.
- [1886, Robert Hollan, “A, prep.”, in A Glossary of Words Used in the County of Chester (English Dialect Society; XVI), London: Trübner & Co.:
- Oi'd a gen im a clout, if oi'd been theer.]
- 1964, John Ehle, The Land Breakers, New York, N.Y. […]: Harper & Row, Publishers, page 53:
- They live in the river bottom. Don't you know a thing? I thought you must a seen them, since they was here all winter, cutting at the woods and burning brush.
- 2013, William Brodrick, The Discourtesy of Death, London: Little, Brown, →ISBN, page 247:
- 'I never told him, pleaded Liam. 'If I 'ad a done, he'd a taken the rifles, wouldn't he? Thing is, I wanted to fire a gun for real. See what it felt like. So I just borrowed it and went out on me own to have a go. But I didn't get the chance because I came across a patrol and I panicked and chucked the thing in a bin.'
- (dialectal or slang, rare) had (auxiliary verb).
- 1887 October, Octave Thanet [pseudonym; Alice French], “The Mortgage on Jeffy”, in Scribner's Magazine, volume II, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 478, column 1:
- I wisht you a seen 'im; fust he looked mighty gubious; then he begins ter laff. He'll git likened ter ridin' mighty briefly."
Usage notes
edit- Now often attached to a preceding auxiliary verb. See -a.
Derived terms
editEtymology 5
editFrom Middle English a, a reduced form of he (“he”)/ha (“he”), heo (“she”)/ha (“she”), ha (“it”), and hie, hie (“they”).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ʌ/
- (it): (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ʌ/, /ɑ/
- Rhymes: -ʌ, -ɑ
Pronoun
edita
- (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, she, they: the third-person singular or plural nominative.[4]
- 1855, Kingsley, W. Ho!, page 120 (edition of 1889):
- He've a got a great venture on hand, but what a [it] be he tell'th no man.
- 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 2:
- Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a [they] says what's nawways true.
- (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) He, the third-person singular nominative.
- 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:
- a’ brushes his hat o’ mornings.
- 1795, Peter Pindar, The Royal Visit to Exeter, a Political Epistle: by John Ploughshare ... published by Peter Pindar, Esq, page 5:
- Well! in a come [in he came]—KING GEORGE to town, / With doust and zweat az netmeg brown, / The hosses all in smoke;
- 1860, Kite, Sng. Sol., ii, 16:
- A do veed amang th' lilies.
- 1864, Tennyson, N. Farmer, Old Style, st. 7, version of 1917, Raymond Macdonald Alden, Alfred Tennyson, how to Know Him, page 226:
- "The amoighty's a taakin' o' you to 'issén, my friend," a said, […]
- (obsolete outside England and Scotland dialects) She, the third-person singular nominative.
- 1790, Grose, MS. add. (M.):
- A wanted me to go with her.
- 1876, Bound, Prov.:
- Did a do it!
- 1883, Hardy, Tover, page 124 (edition of 1895):
- A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky on her legs].
- 1790, Grose, MS. add. (M.):
- 1855, Kingsley, W. Ho!, page 120 (edition of 1889):
Etymology 6
editFrom Middle English of, with apocope of the final f and vowel reduction.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- (archaic or slang) Of.
- The name of John a Gaunt.
- c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
- What time a day is it?
- 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- It’s six a clock.
- 1931, A. P. Carter, "When I'm Gone"[10]:
- Two bottles 'a whiskey for the way
- 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 152:
- Isis rode my mug like she was on a ten-inch dick, and as soon as she nutted I tossed her ass off a me and flipped her on her back, then fucked the shit outta her cause it was payback time.
Usage notes
edit- Often attached without a hyphen to preceding word.
Etymology 7
editFrom Northern Middle English aw, alteration of all.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɔ/
- Rhymes: -ɔ
Adverb
edita (not comparable)
Adjective
edita (not comparable)
Etymology 8
editAlternative forms
editParticle
edita
- Pronunciation spelling of to.
- 1923 January, “The Sunshine of Childhood (Contributed)”, in Benedict Brown, editor, The Grail, volume 4, number 9, St. Meinrad, Ind.: The Abbey Press, page 284, column 2:
- James was going with his mother to attend the ceremonies at which his oldest sister in the convent would make perpetual vows. Being asked where he was going, he answered, “I’m goin’ a see my sister make percapital vowels.”
- 2007, BK Loren, “Got Tape?”, in Barry Lopez, editor, The Future of Nature: Writing on a Human Ecology from Orion Magazine, Minneapolis, Minn.: Milkweed Editions, →ISBN, page 43:
- The man walks toward me. “I met that asshole. He’s tryin’ a sell us a bag a bullshit.”
- 2012 October 23, Tom Wolfe, Back to Blood: A Novel, Large Print edition, New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 66:
- Don’tcha try deny it, / ’Cause Hose knows you dyin’ a try it— […] Knows you out tryin’ a buy it, / But Hose only gives it free
Related terms
editEtymology 9
editContraction of gonna, itself a reduction of going to; see Etymology 8 above (“to”).
Contraction
edita
- (African-American Vernacular) Used to express a future action; going to.
- I'm a go see what's going on out there.
- 2010, Todd Bridges, Killing Willis: From Diff'rent Strokes to the Mean Streets to the Life I Always Wanted, New York, N.Y.: Touchstone Books, →ISBN, page 146:
- "Sure, Billy, I'm a run downstairs to the machine and get me a pack of bigarettes," he said, taking off with his Melody.
- 2021, Ioan Grillo, Blood Gun Money: How America Arms Gangs and Cartels, New York, N.Y. […]: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 141:
- "The Glock 26 and the motherfucking, uh, the Hi-Point. I'm a try to get the both of them," another said.
Usage notes
editRelated terms
editEtymology 10
editContraction of and.[5]
Conjunction
edita
- (obsolete, dialectal, rare) Contraction of and.
- 1655, William Barton, Man's Monitor, or, the Free-school of Virtue; Holding Forth the Duties Required and Sins Forbidden in the Two Tables of the Law., London: W.D. for T. Underhill, unnumbered page; republished in Early English Books Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:
- By cock a pie and Mous-foot Dent bring's in, / Examples to express forbidden Sin:
- 1746, “Exmoor Scolding: Or, a Devonſhire Dialogue:”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XVI, London: Edw. Cave, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 353, column 2:
- Thee lace ma? Chem a laced well-a-fine aready.—Zey wone word more, and chell breſh tha, chell make thy boddize pilmee.
- 1823, Edward Moor, Suffolk Words and Phrases: Or, An Attempt to Collect the Lingual Localisms of that County, London: J. Loder, page 2:
- 4. as if. "I'll gi ye a dunt i' the hid 'a ye dew so no more." This is equivalent to the "an if" of some of our old writers.
Usage notes
edit- The Oxford English Dictionary notes: "The form is not common in any period, and some of the earlier examples could instead show a transmission error for an in its abbreviated form (i.e. ā, with mark of suspension)."[5]
Etymology 11
editSymbol
edita
- Distance from leading edge to aerodynamic center.
- specific absorption coefficient
- (chemistry) specific rotation
- (genetics) allele (recessive)
Etymology 12
editAdverb
edita
- (crosswords) across
- Do you have the answer for 23a?
- (chiefly US) Alternative spelling of a.m. (“ante meridiem”) or am
Etymology 13
editParticle
edita
- Alternative form of -a (“empty syllable added to songs, poetry, verse and other speech”)
- 2001, Louis F. Newcomb, Car Salesman: A Legacy, iUniverse (→ISBN), page 91:
- “I show a you right a here I can fuck a you.” “Is she crazy?” I asked Wyman.
- 2001, Louis F. Newcomb, Car Salesman: A Legacy, iUniverse (→ISBN), page 91:
Etymology 14
editNoun
edita
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter А / а.
Translations
editEtymology 15
editInterjection
edita
- ah; er (sound of hesitation)
- 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:
- "We will resume yesterday's discourse, young ladies," said he, "and you shall each read a page by turns; so that Miss a—Miss Short may have an opportunity of hearing you"; and the poor girls began to spell a long dismal sermon delivered at Bethesda Chapel, Liverpool, on behalf of the mission for the Chickasaw Indians.
Etymology 16
editAbbreviations.
- (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨a⟩.
- (stenoscript) the long vowel /eɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɛə˞] counts as /eɪr/.)
- Thus the word a, plus its inflection an.
- (stenoscript) the word a.m.
- (stenoscript) the prefix ad-.
Quotations
editAdditional quotations for any terms on this page may be found at Citations:a.
References
edit- Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “a”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
- Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN)
- “a” in Christine A. Lindberg, editor, The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, 2002, →ISBN, page 1.
- “a, adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023.
Further reading
edit- “a”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “a”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Abau
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita
Afar
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
editá
Derived terms
editSee also
editSee Template:aa-demonstrative determiners.
References
edit- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “a”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[11], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Albanian
editEtymology 1
edit- According to Orel, the particle and conjunction are etymologically identical. From Proto-Albanian *a and cognate to Ancient Greek ἦ (ê, “indeed”).[1]
- From Proto-Albanian *(h)au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eu- (“that”). Cognate to Ancient Greek αὖ (aû, “on the other hand, again”). A proclitic disjunctive particle, used with one or more parts of the sentence.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editConjunction
edita
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Albanian *(h)an, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en (“there”). Cognate with Latin an (“yes, perhaps”). Interrogative particle, usually used proclitically in simple sentences.
Pronunciation
editParticle
edita
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Standard Albanian Latin-script alphabet.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
References
edit- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “a part. ('whether'), conj. ('or')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 1
- ^ Mann, S. E. (1948) “a”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 1
Further reading
editAma
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita
Anguthimri
editVerb
edita
- (transitive, Mpakwithi) to pull
References
edit- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 184
Aragonese
editEtymology
editArticle
edita f sg
- the
- a luenga aragonesa ― the Aragonese language
Asturian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
Derived terms
editNoun
edita f
- a (the name of the letter A, a)
Azerbaijani
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editBambara
editArticle
edita
- the (definite article).
Interjection
edita
Pronoun
edita
Synonyms
edit- (they): u
Basque
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Basque alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editNoun
edita (indeclinable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter A.
See also
editBavarian
editEtymology 1
editCognate with German ein, eine, Yiddish אַ (a), אַן (an).
Pronunciation
editArticle
edita
See also
editm | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
- oa (“one”, determiner)
Etymology 2
editUnstressed form of ea
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edita
- he
See also
editnominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Etymology 3
editAdverb
edita
Belizean Creole
editPreposition
edita
References
edit- Crosbie, Paul, ed. (2007), Kriol-Inglish Dikshineri: English-Kriol Dictionary. Belize City: Belize Kriol Project, p. 19.
Big Nambas
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
References
edit- Big Nambas Grammar Pacific Linguistics - G.J. Fox
Breton
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita (triggers soft mutation)
- from (expresses origin)
- tud a Vrest ― people from Brest
- of (indicates an amount)
- un tamm brav a gig ― a nice piece of meat
- of (expresses a quality)
- ur plac’h a enor ― a girl of honour
- after certain adjectives or adverbs expressing quantity
- ur voutailh leun a sistr ― a bottle full of cider
- after ordinal numbers with a plural noun
- tri a vugale ― three children
- used in negative sentences with the grammatical object
- nʼem eus ket ken a vutun ― I donʼt have any more tobacco
- before the infinitive after certain verbs like paouez, mirout, diwall, c'hwitañ
- paouezet eo ar glav a gouezhañ ― it has stopped raining [lit. the rain has stopped falling]
- after substantivized adjectives used as nouns
- ur vrav a blacʼh ― a pretty girl
- combined with a personal pronoun
- gwelet em boa acʼhanout ― I saw you
- an den a gomzan anezhañ ― the man Iʼm talking about
Inflection
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editParticle
edita (triggers soft mutation)
- preverbal particle used when
- the subject precedes the verb
- ar mor a zo glas ― the sea is blue
- the object precedes the verb
- an den-se a glevan ― I hear that man
- the subject precedes the verb
Pronoun
edita (triggers soft mutation)
- (relative) that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb)
- an hini a garan ― the one whom I love
Cameroon Pidgin
editPronoun
edita
- Alternative spelling of I (“1st person singular subject personal pronoun”)
Catalan
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Catalan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Derived terms
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- in, at; indicating a particular time or place
- Sóc a Barcelona.
- I am in Barcelona.
- to; indicating movement towards a particular place
- Vaig a Barcelona.
- I'm going to Barcelona.
- to; indicating a target or indirect object
- Escric una carta a la meva àvia.
- I'm writing my grandmother a letter.
- per
- by
- dia a dia.
- day by day.
Usage notes
edit- When the preposition a is followed by a masculine definite article, el or els, it is contracted with it to the forms al and als respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to a l’ takes precedence over contracting to al.
The same occurs with the salat article es, to form as except where es would be elided to s’.
Derived terms
editChayuco Mixtec
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjunction
edita
References
edit- Pensinger, Brenda J. (1974) Diccionario mixteco-español, español-mixteco (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 18)[13] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en coordinación con la Secretaría de Educación Pública a través de la Dirección General de Educación Extraescolar en el Medio Indígena, pages 3, 110
Chibcha
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita
References
edit- Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
Choctaw
editConjunction
edita
Chuukese
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edita
Adjective
edita
- he is
- she is
- it is
Related terms
editPresent and past tense | Negative tense | Future | Negative future | Distant future | Negative determinate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ua | use | upwe | usap | upwap | ute |
Second person | ka, ke | kose, kese | kopwe, kepwe | kosap, kesap | kopwap, kepwap | kote, kete | |
Third person | a | ese | epwe | esap | epwap | ete | |
Plural | First person | aua (exclusive) sia (inclusive) |
ause (exclusive) sise (inclusive) |
aupwe (exclusive) sipwe (inclusive) |
ausap (exclusive) sisap (inclusive) |
aupwap (exclusive) sipwap (inclusive) |
aute (exclusive) site (inclusive) |
Second person | oua | ouse | oupwe | ousap | oupwap | oute | |
Third person | ra, re | rese | repwe | resap | repwap | rete |
Cimbrian
editAlternative forms
edit- an (Sette Comuni)
Etymology
editFrom Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain.
Article
edita (oblique masculine an)
References
edit- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Coatepec Nahuatl
editNoun
edita
Cora
editParticle
edita
- outside
- out of view (from the speaker)
- entering a shallow domain; entering a domain in a shallow or restricted manner
- atyásuuna káasu hece
- The water is pouring into the (shallow) pan.
Antonyms
edit- u (“inside; within view”)
References
edit- Eugene Casad, Ronald Langacker (1985) “'Inside' and 'outside' in Cora grammar”, in International Journal of American Linguistics
Cornish
editEtymology 1
editOnomatopoeic
Pronunciation
editInterjection
edita
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editParticle
edita (triggers soft mutation)
- Inserted before the verb when a subject or direct object precedes the verb
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita (triggers soft mutation)
- of (expressing separation, origin, composition/substance or a quality)
- of (between a preceding large number and a following plural noun to express quantity)
- from (indicating provenance)
Inflection
editSingular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
First person | ahanaf | ahanan |
Second person | ahanas | ahanowgh |
Third person | anodho (m) anedhy (f) |
anodhans, anedha |
Corsican
editEtymology
editFrom the earlier la.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈa/
- Homophones: à, hà
Article
edita f (masculine u, masculine plural i, feminine plural e)
- the (feminine)
Usage notes
edit- Before a vowel, a turns into l'
Pronoun
edita f
Usage notes
edit- Before a vowel, a turns into l'
See also
editReferences
edit- “a” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
Czech
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Czech a, from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
edita
Further reading
editDakota
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (uppercase A)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
See also
editDalmatian
editEtymology
editPreposition
edita
Danish
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Danish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita n (singular definite a'et, plural indefinite a'er)
- The name of the letter A or a.
Inflection
editEtymology 3
editAlternative forms
edit- à (unofficial but common)
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
editVerb
edita
- imperative of ae
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Dutch alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle Dutch â, from Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.
Alternative forms
editNoun
edita f (plural a's, diminutive aatje)
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- Aa (waternaam) on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia nl
Etymology 3
editPronoun
edita
Pronoun
edita
Usage notes
editThe masculine singular form of the possessive pronoun is awe.
Egyptian
editRomanization
edita
Emilian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edita (personal, nominative case)
Alternative forms
editRelated terms
editNumber | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | el | li |
Esperanto
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Esperanto alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, Ĉ ĉ, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ĝ ĝ, H h, Ĥ ĥ, I i, J j, Ĵ ĵ, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, R r, S s, Ŝ ŝ, T t, U u, Ŭ ŭ, V v, Z z
Noun
edita (accusative singular a-on, plural a-oj, accusative plural a-ojn)
- The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.
See also
editEstonian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Estonian alphabet, called aa and written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)
Noun
edita (genitive a or a', partitive a-d or a'd)
Declension
edit(the first letter of the Estonian alphabet):
Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | - | -d | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | - | ||
genitive | -de | ||
partitive | -d | -id -sid | |
illative | -sse | -desse -isse | |
inessive | -s | -des -is | |
elative | -st | -dest -ist | |
allative | -le | -dele -ile | |
adessive | -l | -del -il | |
ablative | -lt | -delt -ilt | |
translative | -ks | -deks -iks | |
terminative | -ni | -deni | |
essive | -na | -dena | |
abessive | -ta | -deta | |
comitative | -ga | -dega |
(music):
Declension of a (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ' | 'd | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | ' | ||
genitive | 'de | ||
partitive | 'd | 'id 'sid | |
illative | 'sse | 'desse 'isse | |
inessive | 's | 'des 'is | |
elative | 'st | 'dest 'ist | |
allative | 'le | 'dele 'ile | |
adessive | 'l | 'del 'il | |
ablative | 'lt | 'delt 'ilt | |
translative | 'ks | 'deks 'iks | |
terminative | 'ni | 'deni | |
essive | 'na | 'dena | |
abessive | 'ta | 'deta | |
comitative | 'ga | 'dega |
Etymology 2
editClipping of aga. Probably influenced by Russian а (a).
Conjunction
edita
- (colloquial, in fast speech) but
Etymology 3
editNoun
edita
- Abbreviation of aasta.
- Abbreviation of aar.
References
editFala
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese á, from Latin illa (“that”).
Article
edita f sg (plural as, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)
- Feminine singular definite article; the
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
- The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]
Pronoun
edita
- Third person singular feminine accusative pronoun; her
See also
editnominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”).
Preposition
edita
- to
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- A grandeda da lengua española é indiscotibli, i sei estudio, utilización defensa debin sel algo consostancial a nos, […]
- The greatness of the Spanish language is unquestionable, and its study, use and defense must be something consubstantial to us, […]
References
editFaroese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editFinnish
editEtymology 1
editThe Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and a for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Finnish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
Etymology 2
editNoun
edita
Usage notes
editCapitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension
edit
|
Derived terms
editFranco-Provençal
editEtymology
editPronoun
edita (ORB)
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Stich, Dominique (2003) “a”, in Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée, Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré: “a (sert parfois à la possession)”.
French
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Noun
edita m or f (plural as)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editQuebec eye-dialect spelling of elle.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edita f
- (Quebec, colloquial) alternative form of elle (“she”)
- C’te fille-là, a’a l’air cute.
- That girl, she looks cute.
Etymology 3
editFrom Old French a, at from Vulgar Latin *at, from Latin habet.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edita
- third-person singular present indicative of avoir
- Elle a un chat.
- She has a cat.
See also
editFurther reading
edit- “a”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Fula
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
editSee also
edit- (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ
Etymology 2
editPronoun
edita
- you (second person singular subject pronoun; short form)
Usage notes
edit- Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
- Used in all conjugations except the affirmative non-accomplished, where the long form is used instead.
See also
editGalician
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- Hyphenation: a
Preposition
edita
- to, toward; indicating direction of motion
- introducing an indirect object
- used to indicate the time of an action
- (with de) to, until; used to indicate the end of a range
- de cinco a oito ― from five to eight
- by, on, by means of; expresses a mode of action
- a pé ― on foot
- for; indicates price or cost
Usage notes
editThe preposition a regularly forms contractions when it precedes the definite article o, a, os, and as. For example, a o ("to the") contracts to ao or ó, and a a ("to the") contracts to á.
Derived terms
edit- | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Masculine | ao (ó) | aos (ós) |
Feminine | á | ás |
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa, feminine of ille (“that”).
Pronunciation
editArticle
edita f (masculine singular o, feminine plural as, masculine plural os)
- (definite) the
Usage notes
editThe definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con a (“with the”) contracts to coa, and en a (“in the”) contracts to na.
Also, the definite article presents a second form that could be represented as <-lo/-la/-los/-las>, or either lack any specific representation. Its origin is in the assimilation of the last consonant of words ended in -s or -r, due to sandhi, with the /l/ present in the article in pre-Galician-Portuguese period. So Vou comer o caldo or Vou come-lo caldo are representations of /ˈβowˈkomelo̝ˈkaldo̝/ ("I'm going to have my soup"). This phenomenon, rare in Portuguese, is already documented in 13th century Medieval Galician texts, as the Cantigas de Santa Maria.[1]
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita m (plural as)
- a (name of the letter A, a)
Etymology 4
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
edita
- accusative of ela
Usage notes
editDue to sandhi, the accusative form o (in all its forms) regularly changes to -lo after verbal forms ended in ⟨r⟩ or ⟨s⟩, and to -no after verbal forms ended in a semivowel:
- Eu apagueina 'I quenched it' < apaguei‿a
- Ti apagáchela 'You quenched it' < apagaches‿a
- El apagouna 'He quenched it' < apagou‿a
- Nós apagámola 'We quenched it' < apagamos‿a
- Temos de apagala 'We must quench it' < apagar‿a
See also
editGalician articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
un | unha | uns | unhas |
References
edit- ^ Vaz Leão, Ângela (2000) “Questões de linguagem nas Cantigas de Santa Maria, de Afonso X”, in Scripta[1], volume 4, number 7, , retrieved 16 November 2017, pages 11-24
- “a”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “a”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “a”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
German
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the German alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Noun
edita n (strong, genitive a or as, plural a or as)
- Alternative form of A
Etymology 2
editNoun
edita
- Abbreviation of a-Moll.
- Abbreviation of Ar.
Gilbertese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.
Pronunciation
editNumeral
edita
Gothic
editRomanization
edita
- Romanization of 𐌰
Grass Koiari
editPronoun
edita
- you (singular)
References
editGun
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edità
- you (second-person singular subject pronoun)
See also
editGungbe personal pronouns | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Emphatic Pronoun | Subject Pronoun | Object Pronoun | Possessive Determiner | |
Singular | First | nyɛ́, yẹ́n | ùn, n | mi | cé, ṣié | |
Second | jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀ | à | wè | tòwè | ||
Third | éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀ | é | è | étɔ̀n, étọ̀n | ||
Plural | First | mílɛ́, mílẹ́ | mí | mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n | ||
Second | mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́ | mì | mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n | |||
Third | yélɛ́, yélẹ́ | yé | yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n |
Haitian Creole
editPronunciation
editArticle
edita
Usage notes
editThis term only follows words that end with an oral (non-nasal) consonant and an oral vowel in that order, and can only modify singular nouns.
See also
editHawaiian
editPronunciation
editConjunction
edita
Preposition
edita
Usage notes
edit- Used for acquired possessions, while o is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of a – see 阿. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 阿). |
Hungarian
editEtymology 1
editSee az.
Pronunciation
editArticle
edita (definite)
- the
- a hölgy ― the lady
- (before some time phrases) this
- a héten ― (during) this week
- a télen ― (in) this winter
Usage notes
editUsed before words starting with a consonant.
Related terms
edit- az (for words starting with a vowel sound)
Pronoun
edita (demonstrative)
- (in reduplicated constructions formed with postpositions) that
- A mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to that house.
Determiner
edita (demonstrative)
- (rare, only in consonant-initial fixed phrases, with zero article) Alternative form of az (“that”).
- Foglalja össze, miről szóltak az a heti beszédek és leckék.[1] ― Summarize what that week’s sermons and lessons were about.
- November 12-én, az a havi frissítőkedden jelenhet meg. ― It may be released on November 12th, on the Patch Tuesday of that month.
- Kérjük szíves tájékoztatásukat a tekintetben, hogy… (= abban a tekintetben, see az) ― We kindly request your information in that [= the] aspect…
- amondó vagyok, hogy… ― I am of the opinion that…, what/all I can / want to say is that… (literally, “I am that-sayer/-saying…”)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- (letter or phoneme itself): IPA(key): [ˈɒː][2]
- (identifier or musical note): IPA(key): [ˈaː] (in the names of minor scales; see also A)
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Hungarian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
Derived terms
editSee also
edit- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs
References
edit- ^ a heti at e-nyelv.hu
- ^ Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280
Further reading
edit- a in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)
- Entries in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ISBN 9630535793
Icelandic
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Noun
edita ?
- The name of the Latin-script letter A.
See also
editIdo
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun
edita (plural a-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter A/a.
See also
edit- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
Preposition
edita
Related terms
editIgbo
editLetter
edita (upper case A, lower case a)
- The first letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Etymology 1
editAlternative forms
edit- e (neutral tongue position)
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edita
- (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).
- A gwara ya ka ọ bịa.
- He/she was told to come.
Usage notes
edit- Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.
See also
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
editDeterminer
edita
- this.
Related terms
editIndo-Portuguese
editEtymology
editFrom Portuguese a.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- to
- 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3 (overall work in German):
- […] , que da-cá su quião que ta pertencê a êll.
- […] , to give him his share which belongs to him.
Indonesian
editPronunciation
edit- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /a/ [a]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: a
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Indonesian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
- The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) huruf; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
- (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet
Further reading
edit- “a” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑ/, [ˈɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑ
- Hyphenation: a
Conjunction
edita
- and, but
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 17:
- A siä Jaakko, kuhu määt?
- And you Jaakko, where are you going?
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
- keskipäivääl hää [päivyt] on kaikkiin ylemmääl, a siis alkaa laskiissa.
- on midday it [the Sun] is highest, and then it starts to descend.
References
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 1
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 15
Interlingua
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
Derived terms
editInupiaq
editPronunciation
editInterjection
edita
Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *esyo (the final vowel triggering lenition), feminine Proto-Celtic *esyās (the final -s triggering h-prothesis), plural Proto-Celtic *ēsom (the final nasal triggering eclipsis), all from the genitive forms of Proto-Indo-European *éy. Cognate with Welsh ei.
Determiner
edita (triggers lenition)
- his, its
- a athair agus a mháthair ― his father and mother
- Chaill an t-éan a chleití.
- The bird lost its feathers.
Determiner
edita (triggers h-prothesis)
- her, its
- a hathair agus a máthair ― her father and mother
- Bhris an mheaig a heiteog.
- The magpie broke its wing.
Determiner
edita (triggers eclipsis)
- their
- a n-athair agus a máthair ― their father and mother
- a dtithe ― their houses
- a n-ainmneacha ― their names
- (Connacht) our
- (Connacht) your (plural)
See also
editNumber | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Determiner
edita (triggers lenition)
- how (used with an abstract noun)
- A ghéire a labhair sí!
- How sharply she spoke!
- A fheabhas atá sé!
- How good it is!
Etymology 2
editA reduced form of older do (itself a reanalysis of do used in past tenses, and also present in early modern verbs like do-bheirim (“I give”), do-chím (“I see”)), or from the preverb a- in early modern verbs like a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”) in relative clauses.
Particle
edita (triggers lenition except of d’ and of past autonomous forms)
- introduces a direct relative clause, takes the independent form of an irregular verb
- an fear a chuireann síol ― the man who sows seed
- an síol a chuireann an fear ― the seed that the man sows
- an síol a cuireadh ― the seed that was sown
- nuair a bhí mé óg ― when I was young
- an cat a d'ól an bainne ― the cat that drank the milk
References
edit- Gerald O’Nolan (1920) Studies in Modern Irish[15], volume 1, pages 89, 93–94
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Irish a (“that, which the relative particle used after prepositions”), reanalyzed as an independent indirect relative particle from forms like ar a (“on which, on whom”), dá (“to which, to whom”), or early modern le a (“with which, with whom”), agá (“at which, at whom”) when prepositional pronouns started to be repeated in such clauses (eg. don té agá mbíon cloidheamh (…) aige, daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia). Compare the forms used in Munster instead: go (from agá (“at which”)) and na (from i n-a (“in which”), go n-a (“with which”), ria n-a (“before which”) and later lena (“with which”), tréna (“through which”)).
Particle
edita (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)
- introduces an indirect relative clause
- an bord a raibh leabhar air ― the table on which there was a book
- an fear a bhfuil a mhac ag imeacht ― the man whose son is going away
Related terms
edit- ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
Pronoun
edita (triggers eclipsis, takes the dependent form of an irregular verb; not used in the past tense except with some irregular verbs)
- all that, whatever
- Sin a bhfuil ann.
- That's all that is there.
- An bhfuair tú a raibh uait?
- Did you get all that you wanted?
- Íocfaidh mé as a gceannóidh tú.
- I will pay for whatever you buy.
Related terms
edit- ar (used with the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
References
edit- Nicholas Williams (1994) “Na Canúintí a Theacht chun Solais”, in K. McCone, D. McManus, C. Ó Háinle, N. Williams, L. Breatnach, editors, Stair na Gaeilge: in ómós do P[h]ádraig Ó Fiannachta (in Irish), Maynooth: Roinn na Sean-Ghaeilge, Coláiste Phádraig, →ISBN, page 464: “Tháinig nós chun cinn sa 17ú haois freisin an réamhfhocal a dhúbláil: don té agá mbíonn cloidheamh..aige; daoine agá mbíonn grádh aco do Dhia (Ó Cuív, 1952b, 177), an tí ag a bhfuil a bheag do chuntabhairt aige (Williams, 1986, 155).”
- Gerald O’Nolan (1934) The New Era Grammar of Modern Irish, The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd., page 56
Etymology 4
edit
Particle
edita (triggers lenition)
- introduces a vocative
- A Dhia!
- O God!
- A dhuine uasail!
- Sir!
- Tar isteach, a Sheáin.
- Come in, Seán.
- A amadáin!
- You fool!
Etymology 5
edit
Particle
edita (triggers h-prothesis)
- introduces a numeral
- a haon, a dó, a trí... ― one, two, three...
- Séamas a Dó ― James the Second
- bus a seacht ― bus seven
Etymology 6
editOriginally a reduced form of do.
Preposition
edita (plus dative, triggers lenition)
- to (used with verbal nouns)
- síol a chur ― to sow seed
- uisce a ól ― to drink water
- an rud atá sé a scríobh ― what he is writing
- D’éirigh sé a chaint.
- He rose to speak.
- Téigh a chodladh.
- Go to sleep.
Mutation
editIrish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
a | n-a | ha | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “a”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 a (‘that which’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Istriot
editEtymology
editPreposition
edita
- at
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
- At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,
- A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Particle
edita
- emphasises a verb; mandatory with impersonal verbs
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
- At the stern, at the bow everything is flags,
- A poûpa, a prùa a xì doûto bandere,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Italian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin ā (the name of the letter A).
Letter
edita f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Italian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
Noun
edita f (invariable)
- The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a
See also
edit- (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta
Etymology 2
editFrom Latin ad. In a few phrases, a stems from Latin ā, ab.
Preposition
edita
- Indicates the indirect object. to
- Porta questo cesto alla nonna.
- Bring this basket to grandma.
- Ai gatti piacciono i pesci.
- Cats like fish.
- (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
- E lo chiedi a me?
- You're asking that to me?
- Indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used. in, to
- Andiamo a casa?
- Can we go home?
- (literally, “Can we go to home?”)
- Ora sto a Palermo, a Roma ci torno domani.
- I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
- Denotes the manner. with
- Forms adverbs meaning “in a manner related or resembling ~”.
- a cappella, a bestia, a braccio, a pennello, etc. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Forms goodbye formulas from the time the persons will meet again. see you...
- A domani! ― See you tomorrow!
- A dopo! ― See you later!
- Al prossimo Natale! ― See you next Christmas!
- Introduces the ingredients of a dish, perfume, etc. with
- pasta all'uovo ― pasta with eggs
- cornetto al cioccolato ― chocolate croissant
- shampoo al limone ― lemon shampoo
- patatine alla pizza ― pizza-flavoured crisps
- (central-southern Italy) Denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
- Chiama a Paolo.
- Call Paolo.
- E non ci avevi visto a noi?
- And you didn't see us?
- Ascolti a me, signó!
- Listen to me, ma'am!
- (followed by the definite article) Forms an interjection that gives an instruction or calls attention to something.
- Al ladro! ― Thief!
- Al fuoco! ― Fire!
- Al lupo! ― Wolf!
- All'attacco! ― Attack!
- All'arrembaggio! ― Assault! (yelled by pirates)
- (regional) Forms continuous tense when preceded by stare and followed by verb infinitives. -ing. The standard language for this scope uses gerunds.
- che stai a di'? ― what are you saying?
- stavo a dormi' ― I was sleeping
- Repeated indicates the amount by which something grows. by
- a due a due ― two by two; in pairs
- a poco a poco ― little by little
- Indicates the agent of a verb in some contexts. by. Sometimes interchangable with da.
- L'ho sentito dire a Livia.
- I heard Livia say it.
- (literally, “I heard it said by Livia.”)
- c. 1909, Luigi Pirandello, chapter 2.3, in I vecchi e i giovani:
- Mi duole, creda, sinceramente, veder fare a un uomo come lei, per cui ho tanta stima, una figura... non bella, via! non bella.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
edit- When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad is used instead.
- When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
a + article Combined form a + il al a + lo allo a + l' all' a + i ai a + gli agli a + la alla a + le alle
Descendants
edit- → Norwegian Bokmål: a (learned)
Etymology 3
editVerb
edita
- Misspelling of ha.
References
edit
Further reading
edit- a in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Jamaican Creole
editEtymology
editCompare French c’est. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- Indicates location: at, in, on.
- a mi yaad
- at my home
- of
- Yunaitid Stiet a Amoerka
- United States of America
- to
- Dem go a maakit. Mi a-go a skuul.
- They go to the market. I'm going to school.
Verb
edita
- to be
- Jumieka a wahn ailan konchri.
- Jamaica is an island country.
- Wi a api.
- We are happy.
- Mi a di tiicha.
- I am the teacher.
- As a copulative verb:
- As an auxiliary verb:
- Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect.
Particle
edita
- Habitual present tense marker.
- wan plies we dem a plie haki mach
- a place where they play hockey matches
- Precedes a verb to mark the -ing form.
- 1968, Beryl Loftman Bailey, Jamaican Creole Language Course: (for English Speaking Students):
- Jan sidong de a laaf.
Sta Kiet op de-a baal- John sat there laughing
Sister Kate is up there crying
- John sat there laughing
See also
editFurther reading
edit- a at majstro.com
- A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican, The Open Grammar Project
Japanese
editRomanization
edita
Jersey Dutch
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita
Kabuverdianu
editLetter
edita (uppercase A)
- The first letter of the Kabuverdianu alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Kabyle
editAlternative forms
editDeterminer
edita
- this
- a rgaz a
- this man
Kalasha
editEtymology
editPronoun
edita (Arabic آ)
- I (1st-person personal pronoun)
See also
editKankanaey
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Tagalog a. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English a.
Pronunciation
edit- (letter) IPA(key): /ˈʔej/ [ˈʔei̯]
- Rhymes: -ej
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ʔa/ [ʔʌ]
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: a
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called ey and written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Etymology 2
editPossibly borrowed from Ilocano a.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
edita
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita
Derived terms
editEtymology 4
editPronunciation
editParticle
edita
- indicates polite, persuasive emphasis
- 2021, Allen, Larry, “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary[16], Summer Institute of Linguistics:
- Kamán kan adí pinikpík mo? Pinikpík ko a.
- How come it seems like you didn't pat him? I patted him, all right.
Usage notes
edit- This is used at the end of the sentence.
See also
editReferences
edit- Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography][17] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11
- Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “a”, in A Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)[18], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“, →OCLC, page 1
- Allen, Larry (2021) “a”, in Kankanaey – English Dictionary[19], Summer Institute of Linguistics
- Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis[20] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 164
Kapampangan
editLigature
edita
- connects adjectives to nouns
- Romantiku a bengi.
- A romantic night.
- Pinakapalsintan a tau.
- The person I love the most.
- Mayap a abak.
- Good morning.
- Mayap a bengi.
- Good night.
- Dakal a salamat.
- Thank you very much.
See also
editKari'na
editPronunciation
editInterjection
edita
References
editKashubian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editThe Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
edita (lowercase, uppercase A)
- The first letter of the Kashubian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, Ã ã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż
Etymology 2
edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.
Conjunction
edita
- and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
Noun
edita n (indeclinable)
Etymology 3
edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a.
Interjection
edita
- interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!
Further reading
edit- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “a”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 1
- Sychta, Bernard (1967) “a, a!”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 1
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “a”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[23], volume 1, page 9
- “A, a”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
- “a!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Kayan
editLetter
edita
- a the first letter of Kayan alphabet.
Pronoun
edita
K'iche'
editPronunciation
editAdjective
edita
- masculine youth indicator
Adverb
edita
- (interrogatory) indicator of a question
Pronoun
edita
- your
References
edit- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary, page 7
Koitabu
editPronoun
edita
- you (singular)
References
edit- Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics
Krisa
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita m
- pig
- Nana a doma.
- I shot your pig.
References
edit- Donohue, Mark and San Roque, Lila. I'saka: a sketch grammar of a language of north-central New Guinea. (Pacific Linguistics, 554.) (2004).
Ladin
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
Derived terms
editLashi
editPronunciation
editAdverb
edita
References
edit- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[24], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
Latgalian
editEtymology
editUltimately from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. The source is not clear:
- Probably borrowed from a Slavic language (compare Russian а (a) and Belarusian а (a)).
- Alternatively, irregularly shortened from *ā, inherited from *ō.
Compare Lithuanian o.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
edita f
References
edit- A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008) Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava, →ISBN
Latin
editEtymology 1
editFrom Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through Etruscan.
Pronunciation
edit(letter name):
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- (sometimes with littera) the first letter of the Latin alphabet.
- littera a ― the letter a
Etymology 2
editFrom Etruscan.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editā f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter A.
Coordinate terms
edit- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
Etymology 3
editAlternative form of ab by apocope (not used before a vowel or h).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editā (+ ablative)
- (indicating ablation) from, away from, out of
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.1:
- Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Matrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
- The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine (separate them) from the Belgae.
- Gallōs ab Aquītānīs Garumna flūmen, ā Belgīs Matrona et Sēquana dīvidit.
- (indicating ablation) down from
- (indicating agency: source of action or event) by, by means of
- 45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.2:
- Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.
- Although indeed to the vituperators of philosophy an adequate response is in that book, in which philosophy has been defended and highly praised by us [me], when it had been accused and vituperated by Hortensius.
- Quamquam philosophiae quidem vituperātōribus satis respōnsum est eō librō, quō ā nōbīs philosophia dēfēnsa et collaudāta est, cum esset accūsāta et vituperāta ab Hortēnsiō.
- (indicating instrumentality: source of action or event) by, by means of, with
- (indicating association) to, with
- 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 1.77:
- Homō sum, hūmānī nihil ā mē aliēnum putō.
- I am a man; I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
- Homō sum, hūmānī nihil ā mē aliēnum putō.
- (indicating location) at, on, in
- (time) after, since
Usage notes
editUsed in conjunction with passive verbs to mark the agent.
- Liber ā discipulō aperītur.
- The book is opened by the student.
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 4
editExpressive.
Pronunciation
editInterjection
editā
Further reading
edit- “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “a”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- a in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “a”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Latvian
editEtymology
editProposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Latvian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž
Noun
edita m (invariable)
- The name of the Latin script letter A/a.
See also
edit- (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē
Further reading
edit- a on the Latvian Wikipedia.Wikipedia lv
Laz
editDeterminer
edita
- Latin spelling of ა (a)
Letter
edita
- The first letter of the Laz alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) burts; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, Ç̌ ç̌, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, İ i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, P̌ p̌, Q q, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, Ť ť, U u, V v, X x, Y y, Z z, Ž ž, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ
Numeral
edita
- Latin spelling of ა (a)
Ligurian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLigurian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | o | i |
feminine | a | e |
Article
edita f sg (plural e)
Etymology 2
editPreposition
edita
Livonian
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Louisiana Creole
editEtymology
editFrom French avoir (“to have”).
Verb
edita
- to have
Lower Sorbian
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Lower Sorbian alphabet, called a and written in the Latin script.
- The name of the Latin-script letter a/A.
Conjunction
edita
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “a”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “a”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Lushootseed
editLetter
edita
- The second letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as an open back unrounded vowel.
Malay
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Interjection
edita (Jawi spelling ا)
- Used to show excitement or to show agreement.
- A, macam itulah sepatutnya kaujawab!
- Yes, that's how you should answer!
- Used to express hesitation; er, uh.
- Synonym: er
- Dia ni, a, salah seorang Perdana Menteri Britain dulu.
- This guy is, er, one of Britain's Prime Ministers in the past.
Further reading
edit- “a” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maltese
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editMandarin
editRomanization
edit- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呵
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啊
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 阿
a
- Nonstandard spelling of ā.
- Nonstandard spelling of á.
- Nonstandard spelling of ǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of à.
Usage notes
edit- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Mandinka
editPronoun
edita
- he, him (personal pronoun)
- A m busa ― He/she struck me.
- Y a busa ― They struck him/her.
- she, her (personal pronoun)
- it (personal pronoun)
See also
editMaori
editParticle
edita
Usage notes
edit- When used in the sense of of, suggests that the possessor has control of the relationship (alienable possession).
Mezquital Otomi
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editInterjection
edita
- expresses satisfaction, pity, fright, or admiration
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
edita
- (transitive) wake, awaken
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Otomi *ʔɔ, from Proto-Otomian *ʔɔ.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
edita
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo[25] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 1
- Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45)[26] (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 3
Middle Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Old Dutch ā, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.
Noun
editâ f
Inflection
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “a (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editArticle
edita
- Alternative form of an (mainly preconsonantal)
Etymology 2
editPronoun
edita
- (Late Middle English) Alternative form of I (“I”)
Etymology 3
editPronoun
edita
- Alternative form of heo (“she”)
Etymology 4
editPronoun
edita
- Alternative form of he (“he”)
Etymology 5
editPronoun
edita
- Alternative form of he (“they”)
Etymology 6
editNumeral
edita
- (Northern, Early Middle English) Alternative form of oo (“one”)
Middle French
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old French a, from Latin ad.
Alternative forms
edit- à (after 1550)
Preposition
edita
Etymology 2
editFrom Old French, from Latin habet.
Verb
edita
Middle Scots
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Middle English a
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Middle Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2
editInherited from Middle English a
Article
edita
Usage notes
edit- This form can be used before consonant and vowels, compare an which also can be used before vowels (and h) but also before consonants.
Etymology 3
editInherited from Middle English a
Alternative forms
editInterjection
edita
- ah!
Etymology 4
editInherited from Northern Middle English a
1 | ||
---|---|---|
Cardinal: a Ordinal: first |
Numeral
edita
Alternative forms
editEtymology 5
editInherited from Middle English a
Pronoun
edita
- Alternative form of I (“first-person singular pronoun”)
Further reading
edit- “a”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
Middle Welsh
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editParticle
edita (triggers lenition)
- O (vocative particle)
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edita (triggers lenition)
Particle
edita (triggers lenition)
- inserted before the verb when the subject of direct object precedes it
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editParticle
edita (triggers lenition)
- used to introduce a direct question
- whether, used to introduce an indirect question
Etymology 4
editReduction of o (“from”).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- used between a focused adjective and the noun it modifies
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
- bychan a dial oed yn lloski ni, neu yn dienydyaw am y mab
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- it will be small vengeance if we are burnt or put to death because of the child
- Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
Etymology 5
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editConjunction
edita (triggers aspiration)
Etymology 6
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita (triggers aspiration)
Etymology 7
editFrom Proto-Celtic *ageti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
edita
Mutation
editRadical | Soft | Nasal | H-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
a | unchanged | unchanged | ha |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Middle Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Mòcheno
editEtymology
editFrom Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, a”).
Article
edita (oblique masculine an)
References
edit- “a” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Mopan Maya
editArticle
edita
References
edit- Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.
Mountain Koiari
editPronoun
edita
- you (singular)
References
edit- Terry Crowley, Claire Bowern, An Introduction to Historical Linguistics
Murui Huitoto
editAdverb
edita
References
edit- Shirley Burtch (1983) Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)[27] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 19
Nauruan
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edita
- I (first person singular pronoun)
- 2000, Lisa M Johnson, Firstness of Secondness in Nauruan Morphology (overall work in English):
- a pudun
- 1sing fall+Vn
I fell
- 1sing fall+Vn
- […]
- a nuwawen
- 1pers.sing. go+Vn
I did go. (I left.)
- 1pers.sing. go+Vn
- […]
- a kaiotien aem
- [1pers.sing.] [hear+Vn] [your words]
I hear what you said.
- [1pers.sing.] [hear+Vn] [your words]
- […]
- a nan imoren
- 1pers.sing. FUT health+Vn
I shall be cured (get better).
- 1pers.sing. FUT health+Vn
Navajo
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- a = /a˨/
- ą = /ã˨/
- á = /a˥/
- ą́ = /ã˥/
- aa = /aː˨˨/
- ąą = /ãː˨˨/
- áa = /aː˥˨/
- ą́ą = /ãː˥˨/
- aá = /aː˨˥/
- ąą́ = /ãː˨˥/
- áá = /aː˥˥/
- ą́ą́ = /ãː˥˥/
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
Neapolitan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
edita
Etymology 2
editPreposition
edita
Nias
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Verb
edita (imperfective manga)
- (transitive) to eat
References
edit- Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905. Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 15.
Norman
editVerb
edita
North Frisian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
edit- Sylt Frisian ⟨aa⟩ was originally [ɔː], but has since merged with ⟨oo⟩. The letter ⟨ā⟩ is used for [aː]. The diphthongs ⟨ai, ia⟩ are both monophthongized to [ɛː] when followed by ⟨r⟩.
- In Föhr-Amrum Frisian, ⟨ai⟩ represents a lengthened diphthong [aːɪ̯] as if written ⟨*aai⟩. The short equivalent is ⟨ei⟩.
See also
edit- (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, đ, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)
Etymology 2
editArticle
edita
- (Föhr-Amrum) the (masculine and all-gender plural definite article, reduced form)
Usage notes
edit- For the alternative use of the form a with certain original feminines, see at.
Alternative forms
editSee also
editmasculine | feminine / neuter |
plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
definite / demonstrative |
full | de | det | dön |
reduced | a | at, 't | a | |
indefinite / numeral |
full | een | ian | — |
reduced | en | |||
negative | neen | nian | ||
While the feminine gender has generally been merged into the neuter, a certain number of traditionally feminine nouns still alternatively take the reduced definite article a alongside at. The form 't is enclitic and occurs only after prepositions. |
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin a, from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), likely through the Etruscan language, from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓃾, representing the head of an ox.
Pronunciation
edit- (letter name): IPA(key): /ɑː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ɑː/, /a/, (before u or in some Enɡlish loan words) [æ]
Audio: (file) Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: a
- Homophones: A, à, A-, a-, ah
Letter
edita (uppercase A)
- The first letter of the Norwegian Bokmål alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå
Noun
edita m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-er, definite plural a-ene)
- the letter a, the first letter of the Norwegian alphabet
- fra A til B ― from A to B
- fra A til Å ― from A to Z
- har man sagt a, må man si b ― if you have said A, you should say B
- 1999, Lars Roar Langslet, I kamp for norsk kultur, page 234:
- bruken av a i bestemt form i hunkjønnsord
- the use of a in the definite form of feminine words
- indicates the first or best entry of a list, order or rank
- Synonyms: A-, a-
- oppgang A ― apartment entrance A
- blodgruppe A ― blood group A
- førerkort i klasse A ― (motorcycle) driver's license in class A
- øl i klasse A ― beer in class A (with 0,0-0,7 volume percent alcohol)
- A post ― A post / priority mail
- A-aksje ― class A-share
- hepatitt A ― hepatitis A
- 1919, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede digter-verker I [Collected poetic works 1], page 454:
- [bokstavene begynte] at gaa sammen, to og to: a stod og hvilte under et træ, som hedte b
- [the letters began] to go together, two by two: a stood and rested under a tree called b
- 1920, Jonas Lie, Samlede Digterverker V, page 389:
- begynde paa Ø istedet for A
- start with Ø instead of A
- 1886, Arne Garborg, Mogning og manndom I, page 172:
- jeg traf sammen med et par generalbanditter, gamle gutter, storartede ranglefanter, 1ste klasse 1 A med stjerne, deilige herremænd
- I met a couple of general bandits, old boys, great revelers, 1st class 1 A with a star, lovely gentlemen
- 1939, Knut Hamsun, Artikler, page 99:
- historie er hvad A mener til forskel fra B, og hvad C igen mener til forskel baade fra A og B om den samme sag
- story is what A thinks differently from B and what C again thinks differently from both A and B about the same case
- the highest grade in a school or university using the A-F scale
- få A til eksamen
- receive an A on an exam
- 2019, Helene Uri, Stillheten etterpå, page 14:
- jeg har gode karakterer. Bare A-er og B-er
- I have good grades. Only A's and B's
- (music) designation of the sixth note from C and the corresponding tone
- 1944, Børre Qvamme, Musikk, page 10:
- synge en riktig A uten hjelp av et instrument eller stemmegaffel
- sing a correct A without the aid of an instrument or tuning fork
- 1973, Finn Havrevold, Avreisen, page 127:
- han slår énstrøken a på klaveret
- he strikes one stroke A on the piano
- 1997, Tove Nilsen, G for Georg, page 42:
- så gal at man virkelig tror at svaler er g-nøkler og bass-nøkler og a’er og c’er som svever rundt hverandre og lager konsert i himmelen
- so crazy that you really think swallows are g-keys and bass-keys and a's and c's floating around each other and making a concert in the sky
- (physics) symbol for ampere
- (physics) symbol for nucleon number
- (horology) symbol for avance
- symbol for anno
- short form of atom-
- Synonym: a-
- a-bombe
- atom bomb (a-bomb)
Derived terms
edit- a-form (“a-form”), a-infinitiv (“a-infinitive”), a-kjendis (“A-list celebrity”)
Etymology 2
editAbbreviation of atto- (“atto-”).
Symbol
edita
- atto-, prefix for 10-18 in the International System of Units.
Etymology 3
editAbbreviation of ar (“are”).
Symbol
edita
Etymology 4
editPreposition
edita
- Alternative spelling of à
Alternative forms
editEtymology 5
editFrom Latin ā (“from, away from, out of”), alternative form of ab (“from, away from, out of, down from”).
Preposition
edita
Alternative forms
editEtymology 6
editFrom Italian a (“in, at, to”).
Preposition
edita
Etymology 7
editFrom Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).
Pronoun
edita
- (dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she
- 1948, Helge Krog, Skuespill I, page 43:
- jagu slår a ja. Og det så det kjens. Forleden dag ga hun meg en knallende ørefik
- she can certainly punch. And so you feel it. The other day she gave me a popping slap to the ear
- 1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie:
- hu kunne ikke henge på seg så mye som et enrada perlebånd, uten at a måtte skotte opp i skyene for å høre hva den aller høyeste mente
- she could not put on as much as a single string of pearls, without having to shoot up into the clouds to hear what the very highest one meant
- (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she
- 1899, Sfinx, Vi og Voreses, page 45:
- hos Hansens laa dem te klokka var ni, og 10 var a mange ganger ogsaa
- at Hansen's they laid until nine o'clock, and 10 she was many times too
- 1954, Agnar Mykle, Lasso rundt fru Luna, page 476:
- hvor ligger a [duskeluen] henne?
- where is the hat?
- hvor er a katta di?
- where is your cat?
- Synonym: hun
- (dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she)
- hva gjorde du med a?
- what did you do to her?
- 1847–1868, Halfdan Kjerulf, Av hans efterladte papirer, page 245:
- jeg [skrev] klaverstykker … en lille scherzo med nordisk motiv … «gjenta» og «Jørgen Matros», som gjør kur til ’a og «Ola Spelman» som hun foretrækker
- I [wrote] piano pieces… a small scherzo with a Nordic motif… «gjenta» and «Jørgen Matros», which makes cure for her and «Ola Spelman» which she prefers
- 1875, Alexander Erbe, Fra skjærgaarden, page 23:
- [klokkeren] skulle da koste paa a amen
- [the clockmaker] would then cost her amen
- 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden I, page 6:
- jeg kan da gjerne skjære litt mat til a
- I could happily cut some food for her
- 1931, Aksel Sandemose, En sjømann går i land, page 19:
- han stakk henne med kniven, riktig kylt’n midt i magan på a
- he stabbed her with the knife, really threw in the middle of her stomach
- 2010, Helene Guåker, Kjør!:
- flere enn deg i hvert fall, di lørje, svarte jeg og så a midt i aua
- more than you at least, you skank, I answered and looked her in the eye
- hva gjorde du med a?
- (dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her
- hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!
- if the cat runs away, you need to catch her!
- 1895, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Over Ævne II, page 136:
- naar kjærka ikke kan holde arbejderne i ave [age], aa faen skal vi saa me’a
- when the church can not keep the workers in duty, what the hell do we do with her then
- Synonym: henne
- hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!
- (dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her
- 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 96:
- ta a Guldborg
- consider Guldborg
- 1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 64:
- har du glemt a mamma
- did you forget about mom
- 2015, Rudolf Nilsen, Samlede dikt, page 88:
- a Paula kom plystrende hjem
- Paula came home whistling
- 2015 March 12, Gerd Nyland, “Fire år uten radio”, in Oppland Arbeiderblad[28], archived from the original on 2023-01-28:
- a tante Karen, mor hennes Reidun, hadde ordne med sengeplasser i stua, Booken på en divan og a Rita på flatseng på golvet
- aunt Karen, her mother Reidun, had arranged beds in the living room, Booken on a daybed and Rita on a flat bed on the floor
Etymology 8
editFrom Danish ah (“oh”), likely from German ach (“oh”), from Middle High German ach, from Old High German ah. Also see ah and akk.
Interjection
edita
- expression of surprise or horror
- a, for noe tøv!
- oh, such nonsense!
- 1888, Herman Colditz, Kjærka, et Atélierinteriør:
- a, det er bare noe drit til han terracottaen
- oh, that is just some crap for that terracotta guy
- expression of admiration or happiness
- a, det gjorde godt!
- oh, that felt good!
- 1897, Fridtjof Nansen, Fram over Polhavet I, page 345:
- a, kunde vi bare gi «Fram» slige vinger
- oh, if only we could give "Fram" wings like that
- used with the words yes and no to give a sense of impatience or rejection
- a jo, men hold nå fred!
- oh yes, but keep quiet now
- 1874, Henrik Ibsen, Fru Inger til Østråt, page 99:
- a nej, det kan være det samme
- oh no, it does not matter
- 1874-1878, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Brytnings-år I, page 25:
- a ja, lad Schirmer tegne staburet
- oh yes, let Schirmer draw the storehouse
- 1988, Arild Nyquist, Giacomettis forunderlige reise:
- verden er vakker, bestemor. Selv når det regner og blåser. A ja da.
- the world is beautiful, grandma. Even when it's raining and windy. Oh yes.
Etymology 9
editMostly likely from Norwegian ad (“against, on”), from Danish ad (“by, at”), from Old Danish at, from Old Norse at (“at, to”), from Proto-Germanic *at (“at, toward, to”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”).
Interjection
edita
- expression of anger or sorrow, especially with a personal pronoun
- uff a meg!
- oh, my!
- huff a meg!
- oh, no!
- uff a meg!
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- “a” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “a” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “a” in Store norske leksikon
- a on the Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia.Wikipedia nb
Anagrams
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lowercase, uppercase A)
- The first letter of the Norwegian Nynorsk alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz, Ææ, Øø, Åå
Noun
edita m (definite singular a-en, indefinite plural a-ar, definite plural a-ane)
- the letter a
Etymology 2
editInterjection
edita
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Norse af, from Proto-Germanic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.
Preposition
edita
- (dialect) alternative form of av
- c. 1700, Sigurd Kolsrud, quoting Jacob Rasch, “Eldste nynorske bibeltekst: Jacob Rasch c. 1700”, in Syn og Segn, volume 56, published 1950, page 110:
- fre a Gud okka far aa Jesu Christo den herræ.
- peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
References
edit- “a” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- a on the Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia.Wikipedia nn
Nupe
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editParticle
edità
- not (placed at the end of a clause to negate it)
- Mi de eshìgi à, mi ma de dàǹgi à. ― I don't have a dog, and I don't have a cat.
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editParticle
editá
- Marks the perfective aspect, for actions that are completed
Usage notes
editá, which is derived from the verb lá (“to take”), functions like a verb so that the word order in the present perfect tense is that of a serial verb construction.
- Musa shi dùkùn ― Musa bought a pot
- Musa á dùkùn shi. ― Musa has bought a pot. (literally, “Musa took a pot to buy”)
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
editParticle
edità
- Used to express the future tense (placed before verbs)
- A à lá èbi be nakàn ― They will use a knife to cut the meat
Occitan
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
edita
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
edita f (plural as)
- a (the letter a)
Etymology 3
editVerb
edita
Old Czech
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.
Interjection
edita
- ah!
Descendants
edit- Czech: a
Etymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō.
Particle
edita
Conjunction
edita
Descendants
edit- Czech: a
References
edit- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “a”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Danish
editAlternative forms
edit- aa (Jutlandic)
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.
Noun
editDescendants
edit- Danish: å
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ana.
Preposition
editā
Descendants
edit- Danish: på
Etymology 3
editVerb
editā
Old Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *ahu.
Noun
editā f
Inflection
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- “ā, ē”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *aiw, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity, age”).
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editā
References
edit- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “Á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[29], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etymology 2
editNoun
editā f
References
edit- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “á”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[30], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editPreposition
edita
References
edit- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “a”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[31], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Old French
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Old French alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
edit- ad
- à (not in manuscripts; occasionally used by scholars to differentiate between the preposition and the verb form)
Preposition
edita
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 3
editAlternative forms
editVerb
edita
Etymology 4
editAdverb
edita
Old Galician-Portuguese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Latin ad (“toward, to”).
Preposition
edita
- to; towards
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 14 (facsimile):
- fugiu con el a Egipto. terra de Reẏ faraon.
- ran away with him to Egypt. land of King pharaoh.
- fugiu con el a Egipto. terra de Reẏ faraon.
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Article
edita f
- Alternative spelling of á
Old Irish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *sosim (“this”).
Alternative forms
edit- (relative pronoun): an
Article
edita
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Pronoun
edita (triggers eclipsis, takes a leniting relative clause using a deuterotonic or absolute verb form)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 in (definite article)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Conjunction
edita (triggers eclipsis, takes a nasalizing relative clause)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Celtic *esyo (m and n), *esyās (f), and *ēsom (pl), from Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *ís and *íd; compare Welsh ei (“his, her, its”), eu (“their”); Old High German iro (“their”); and Sanskrit अस्य (asyá, “his, its”), अस्यास् (asyā́s, “her”), and एषाम् (eṣā́m, “their”).
Alternative forms
editDeterminer
edita (predicative aí or áe) (triggers lenition in the masculine and neuter singular, an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel in the feminine singular, and eclipsis in the plural)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 a (‘his, her, their’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 4
editFrom Proto-Celtic *ā (compare Welsh a), from Proto-Indo-European *ō (compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō).
Alternative forms
editParticle
edita (triggers lenition)
- O (vocative particle)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 a (vocative particle)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 5
edit
Particle
edita (triggers an unwritten prothetic /h/ before a vowel)
- introduces a numeral
- a deich ― ten
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 a (particle used before numerals)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 6
editFrom Proto-Celtic *exs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs.
Preposition
edita (combined with plural article asnaib, combined with 1st singular possessive determiner asmo, combined with 3rd person possessive determiner assa)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Inflection
editPerson | Normal | Emphatic |
---|---|---|
1st person sing. | asum | |
2d person sing. | essiut | |
3d sing. masc./neut., dative | as(s), es | |
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | ||
3d sing. fem., dative | e(i)ssi, esse | essisi |
3d sing. fem., accusative | ||
1st person pl. | ||
2d person pl. | ||
3d person pl., dative | es(s)ib, eissib | |
3d person pl., accusative |
Related terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “7 a (‘out of’)]]”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a. First attested in the first half of 14th century.
Interjection
edita
- ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. First attested in the first half of 14th century.
Conjunction
edita
- and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
- and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
- and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
- emphasizes a question
- introduces a new sentences
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “a”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “a”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “a”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “a”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “a, ha”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “a”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Old Swedish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse á, from Proto-Germanic *ahwō.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editā f
Declension
editDescendants
edit- Swedish: å
References
editOmaha-Ponca
editNoun
edita
References
editOmetepec Nahuatl
editNoun
edita
Oromo
editNoun
edita (plural aa)
- The first letter of the Oromo alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Palauan
editEtymology 1
editFrom Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a.
Article
edita
Etymology 2
editFrom Pre-Palauan *a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *a, from Proto-Austronesian *a.
Conjunction
edita
Papiamentu
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case upper case, A)
- The first letter of the Papiamentu alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2
editParticle
edita
- Indicates the past tense.
- Mi a papia kuné. ― I talked to him.
Etymology 3
editFrom Portuguese a.
Preposition
edita
Usage notes
edit- Only used in set expressions from Spanish.
Polish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editThe Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
edita (lowercase, uppercase A)
- The first letter of the Polish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- małe a ― a minuscule/small/little a
- duże a ― a capital/big/large a
See also
editEtymology 2
editFirst attested in 1551.[1] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
edita n (indeclinable)
- a, near-open central vowel
- samogłoska a ― the vowel a
- powiedzieć a ― to say a
- (music) a (note)
- zagrać a ― to play an a
- zaśpiewać a ― to sing an a
Related terms
editEtymology 3
editAbbreviation of ar.
Noun
edita m inan
- (metrology) Abbreviation of ar.
Etymology 4
editInherited from Old Polish a.
Conjunction
edita
- and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
- A ty? ― And you?
- Wolisz tabletki, a ja wolę zastrzyki. ― You prefer pills whereas I prefer injections.
- and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
- walka między dobrem a złem ― battle between good and evil
- and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
- Poszukasz, a znajdziesz. ― If you seek it, then you shall find it.
- and (used after a verb to indicate it will last a long time)
- pracować a pracować ― to work and work (for a long time)
- such and such (used when the speaker does not want to be more specific, when repeating an element)
- is (used to show some connection between two objects which are very different from each other)
- what about
- Ja jestem gotowy, a ty? ― I'm ready, what about you?
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 5
editInherited from Old Polish a.
Interjection
edita
- ah! (used when the speaker has remembered or noticed something)
Trivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), a is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 555 times in scientific texts, 307 times in news, 507 times in essays, 703 times in fiction, and 1175 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3226 times, making it the 13th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
edit- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “a”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 1
Further reading
edit- a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “a”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “A”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2022 May 31
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “a”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 1
- Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “a”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 107-109
Portuguese
editPronunciation
edit- letter
- article, pronoun
Etymology 1
editFrom Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun
edita m (plural as)
- Alternative spelling of á
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin illa (with the disappearance of an initial l; compare Spanish la).
Article
edita
- feminine singular of o
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 219:
- Então, como foi a última festinha de Slughorn?
- So, how was the last Slughorn's little party?
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 147:
- Entregou a foto rasgada, [...]
- He handed over the torn photograph, [...]
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:o.
See also
editPortuguese articles (edit) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
um | uma | uns | umas |
Pronoun
edita f (third-person singular)
- her, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ela)
- Encontrei-a na rua. ― I met her/it on the street.
Usage notes
edit- Becomes -la after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos (“us”) and vos (“plural you”), and the adverb eis (“here is; behold”); the final letter causing the change disappears.
- After ver (“to see”): Posso vê-la? — “May I see her/it?”
- After pôs (“he/she/it put”): Ele pô-la ali. — “He put her/it there.”
- After fiz (“I made; I did”): Fi-la ficar contente. — “I made her/it become happy.”
- After nos (“us”): Ela deu-no-la relutantemente. — “She gave her/it to us reluctantly.”
- After eis (“here is; behold”): Ei-la! — “Behold her/it!”
- Becomes -na after a nasal vowel or diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].
- Detêm-na como prisioneira. — “They detain her/it as a prisoner.”
- In informal Brazilian Portuguese, the nominative form ela (“she”) is more commonly used.
- Eu a vi. → Eu vi ela.: “I saw her/it.”
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
See also
editSee Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for more.
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese a, from Latin ad (“to”) and ab (“from, away, by”).
Preposition
edita
- to, introduces the indirect object
- Synonym: para
- Dê-o a mim. ― Give it to me.
- Meu coração pertence a você. ― My heart belongs to you.
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 143:
- Deixe-me mostrar a você...
- Let me show it to you...
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 516:
- Não é bonito dizer isso a uma pessoa.
- It's not nice to say that to a person.
- to; towards, indicates destination
- away, indicates a physical distance
- A vila fica a onze milhas ― The village is eleven miles away.
- Comunicação à distância. ― Communication at a distance.
- with; by means of, using as an instrument or means
- Synonyms: com, por meio de
- Mataram o cão a pauladas. ― They bludgeoned the dog to death. (literally, “they killed the dog with bludgeonings”)
- A cavalo. ― On horseback.
- Livro escrito a lápis. ― A book written with a pencil.
- with; on, using as a medium or fuel
- Quadro pintado a óleo. ― A painting painted with oil.
- Fornalha a carvão. ― Coal furnace.
- by, using the specified measurement; in the specified quantity
- É mais barato comprar comida ao quilo. ― It is cheaper to by food by the kilogram.
- Os fracassos ocorrem às dezenas. ― Failures occur by the dozen.
- (preceded and followed by the same word) by, indicates a steady progression
- Synonym: por
- Calma lá. Resolva o problema passo a passo. ― Easy there. Solve the problem step by step.
- in the style or manner of; a la
- (limited use, see usage notes) at, during the specified period
- (rare except in set terms) at; in, indicates a location or position
- Synonym: em
- Isto fica à frente do altar. ― This stays in front of the altar.
- indicates the direct object, mainly to avoid confusion when it, the subject, or both are displaced, or for emphasis
- A mim ele não engana. ― He doesn’t deceive me. (literally, “To me he doesn’t deceive.”)
- (Portugal, followed by a verb in the infinitive form) forms the present participle
- Estou a preparar a canja. ― I am preparing the chicken soup.
- (followed by an infinitive or present passive) to, forms the future participle
Usage notes
editWhen followed by a definite article, a is combined with the article to give the following combined forms:
In the sense of to (introducing the indirect object) usage with a personal pronoun can be replaced with an indirect pronoun (me, nos, te, vos, lhe, lhes):
- Deram um livro a ele. → Deram-lhe um livro.
In the sense of at (during the specified period) it can be used with:
- noite (“night”)
- noitinha (“evening”)
- tarde (“afternoon”)
- meio-dia (“noon”)
- meia-noite (“midnight”)
- specific hours
Dia (“day”), manhã (“morning”), madrugada (“early morning”) use de (“of”) instead, which can optionally be used for tarde, noitinha and noite as well. Names of months, days of the month and of the week use em (“in”).
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Descendants
edit- Indo-Portuguese: a
See also
editEtymology 4
editInterjection
edita
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Etymology 5
editFrom homophone há.
Verb
edita
- Misspelling of há.
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Etymology 6
editFrom homophone à.
Contraction
edita
- Misspelling of à.
Quotations
editFor quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
Rapa Nui
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *a. Cognates include Maori a and Tongan ʻa.
Article
edita
- the personal article, used before proper nouns
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *a. Cognates include Hawaiian ā and Maori ā.
Preposition
edita
References
editRawang
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edita
- verbal suffix for marking benefactive of the V.
Pronoun
edita (upper case A)
- proximate demonstrative pronoun
- Alòng èlámò.
- Dry this one.
- Ló webǿng nàí baqòé, ngàí abǿng bakngò lé" wa.
- Well, you carry that side, I will carry this side.
- A wedø nø bvttut mvjòǃ
- Oh, it is absolutely wrong to do (it) that way.
Romagnol
editEtymology 1
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Ville Unite):
Verb
edita
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of avér (“to have”)
Etymology 2
editPronoun
edita (plural a)
Etymology 3
editInherited from Latin ad, a (“to, toward”).
Preposition
edita
Romani
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Etymology 2
editInterjection
edita
References
edit- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “a”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 134
Romanian
editPronunciation
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Romanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz
Etymology 1
editArticle
edita
Etymology 2
editFrom Latin ad, from Proto-Indo-European *ád (“near; at”).
Preposition
edita
- (used with infinitive verbs) the infinitive marker: to
- a fi ― to be
- (obsolete) at (now almost completely replaced by la)
- (used only with a few perception verbs like suna, mirosi, arăta) like, of
Etymology 3
editFrom Proto-Romanian, from a late Vulgar Latin *ae(t), from Latin habet.[1]
Verb
edit(el/ea) a (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)
- modal auxiliary
- (he/she) has...
- A văzut acest film?
- Has he/she seen this film?
- (he/she) has...
Usage notes
edita is used instead of are to form the third-person singular perfect compus.
References
editSardinian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin ac, alternative form of atque (“and, and also; as, then”).
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word) in senses 1 and 2)
Conjunction
edita
- (Nuorese) Only used in che a (“like, as”)
- (Campidanese) Only used in tottu a and a tottu
- used in the words for the numbers 17 and 19
- (Logudorese) Only used in degasette (“seventeen”)
- (Campidanese) Only used in dexasetti (“seventeen”) and degannoi (“nineteen”)
- (Nuorese) Only used in decassette (“seventeen”) and decannobe (“nineteen”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Latin ad from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“near, at”).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- IPA(key): (Logudorese, Nuorese) /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))
- IPA(key): (Campidanese) /a/ (often does not trigger final cogemination)
Preposition
edita
- indicates the indirect object; to
- indicates the place; in, to
- denotes the manner; with
- a pe' (Logudorese) ― on foot
Etymology 3
editFrom Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of o.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /a/ (triggers final cogemination (syntactic gemination of the initial consonant of the following word))
Conjunction
edita
- (central Sardinia) Used to introduce a question or an exhortation
- a benis? ― are you coming?
- a nos pasamos! ― Let's rest!
Usage notes
edit- Used in expressions such as a chie ... a chie ... (Logudorese, Nuorese) and a chini ... a chini ... (Campidanese)
- a chie ridet, a chie pranghet (Nuorese) ― one laughs, the other one cries (literally, “[there's] who laughs, [there's] who cries”)
- In these expressions, e can be used instead of a, though it's not common.
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “a3”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
Sassarese
editAlternative forms
edit- ad (before a vowel)
Etymology
editFrom Latin ad, from Proto-Italic *ad, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
edita
- Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action; to, sometimes untranslated
- Used to indicate destination; to
- Used to indicate purpose; to
- Used with adverbs expressing position or proximity; to, sometimes untranslated
- Used to indicate a moment in time; at
- Used to indicate a period of time; in
- in, about, with regard to
- Used to indicate a comparison; to
- Denotes the direct object
- Indicates manner.
- Indicates shape.
- Used to introduce a question.
Quotations
edit- For quotations using this term, see Citations:a.
References
edit- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Satawalese
editPronunciation
editPronoun
edita (third-person singular)
References
editKevin M. Roddy (2007), "A Sketch Grammar Of Satawalese, The Language Of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia"
Scots
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Scots alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Ȝ ȝ
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle English a, from Old English ān (“one; a; lone; sole”).
Pronunciation
editArticle
edita
Usage notes
edit- Unlike English, this form can be used before both consonant and vowel sounds. However, this is not often the case in written Scots, probably due to the influence of English. [1]
Synonyms
edit- (before a vowel): an
References
edit- “a, indef. art.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
Etymology 3
editDeterminer
edita
- Alternative form of a'
Adverb
edita
- Alternative form of a'
Noun
edita (uncountable)
- Alternative form of a'
References
edit- “a, adj., adv.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
Scottish Gaelic
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is followed by b. Its traditional name is ailm (“elm”).
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
- (diacritics) ◌̀
- (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Irish a, from Proto-Celtic *ā. Cognates include Irish a and Welsh a.
Particle
edita (triggers lenition)
- Used to mark a vocative; O
- Halò, a Ruairidh. ― Hello, (O) Roderick.
Etymology 3
editFrom Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.
Determiner
edita
See also
editEtymology 4
editFrom Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.
Pronoun
edita (governs the relative form of the verb)
- who, which, that
- Cuin a chluinneas tu e? ― When will you hear it? (literally, “When [is it] that you will hear it?”)
Etymology 5
editFrom Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.
Particle
edita (triggers H-prothesis)
- Used before cardinal numbers not succeded by a noun
- A bheil agad a ceithir? ― Do you have four?
Etymology 6
editFrom Old Irish a. Cognates include Irish a.
Particle
edita (triggers lenition)
- Used to mark the infinitive of a verb; to
- Tha mi a' dol a chadal. ― I'm going to sleep.
Etymology 7
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Preposition
edita (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels)
Etymology 8
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Particle
edita (triggers lenition)
Usage notes
edit- Less frequently, am may be used before bheil as well.
Etymology 9
editInterjection
edita!
- ah!
Alternative forms
editReferences
edit- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “a”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[33], Stirling, →ISBN
- Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 1
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “a”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][34], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Serbo-Croatian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editSee Translingual section.
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).
Conjunction
edita (Cyrillic spelling а)
- but, and (compare ȁli)
- Učio sam c(ij)elo posl(ij)epodne, a ništa nisam naučio. ― I studied for the whole afternoon, but I didn't learn anything.
- A kako biste vi to napravili? ― And how would you do that?
- while (on the contrary), whereas
- Stolovi su crveni, a stolice su zelene. ― The tables are red, whereas the chairs are green.
- (with da ne) without (usually after negative verbs)
- Ne mogu se uključiti u raspravu, a da ne napravim nered. ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess.
- Odlazi, a da nije rekao ni zbogom. ― He's leaving without even saying goodbye.
- (a ȉpāk) and yet
- Pravi prijatelj zna sve o tebi, a ipak te voli. ― The real friend knows everything about you, and yet he loves you.
- (a kȁmoli) not to mention, let alone
- U moru loših v(ij)esti teško je ostati objektivan, a kamoli optimističan. ― In the sea of bad news it's hard to stay objective, let alone optimistic.
- (a + i + da) even if
- A i da jesam to napravio, ne bi to učinilo neku razliku. ― Even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference.
- (a + i) and so, and also, and too
- Sviđaju mi se plavuše, a i ja se pokojoj svidim. ― I like blondes, and some of them even like me.
- Bili su žalosni, a i ja sam. ― They were sad, and so am I.
Etymology 3
editAttested since the 15th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Slovene a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.
Interjection
edita (Cyrillic spelling а)
References
edit- “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
- “a”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
- Skok, Petar (1971) “a”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 1
Sicilian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin ā (the name of the letter A).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edita f
- The name of the Latin-script letter A/a.; a
Etymology 2
editFrom the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.
Pronunciation
editArticle
editUsage notes
edit- As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
- In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
- Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancina (liquid) and ârancina (illiquid).
Inflection
editSicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un,'n) |
na |
Etymology 3
editFrom the lenition of la, from the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illa, from Latin illam, from illa.
Alternative forms
edit- la (liquid form)
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edita f sg (plural i, masculine u)
- (accusative) her
- Synonym: la
- A canusci? ― Do you know her?
- (accusative) it, this or that thing
- Synonym: la
- Quannu tâ desi. ― When I gave it to you.
Usage notes
edit- This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.
Inflection
editSicilian pronominal particles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular pronominal particles | Feminine singular pronominal particles | Masculine and feminine plural pronominal particles | ||
mi | mû | mâ | mî | |
ti | tû | tâ | tî | |
ci | ci u | ci a | cî | |
ni | nû | nâ | nî | |
vi | vû | vâ | vî | |
ci | ci u | ci a | cî |
Etymology 4
editFrom the merge of Latin ad and ab.
Preposition
edita
- indicates the indirect object; to
- Porta stu panaru â nanna.
- Bring this basket to grandma.
- Ê jatti ci piàciunu i pisci.
- Cats like fish.
- (literally, “Fish are pleasable to cats.”)
- E mû dumanni a mìa?
- You're asking that to me?
- indicates the place, used in some contexts, in others in is used; in, to
- Jemu â casa?
- Can we go home?
- (literally, “Can we go to the home?”)
- Cchiui staju a Palermu, a Ruma cci tornu dumani.
- I'm in Palermo now, I'll go back to Rome tomorrow.
- denotes the manner; with
- denotes the direct object, but only if it's not preceded by articles
- Chiama a Paulu.
- Call Paolo.
- E nun ni vidisti cchiui a nuiautri?
- And you didn't see us?
- Ascutassi a mìa, signù!
- Listen to me, ma'am!
Usage notes
edit- When followed by a word that begins with a vowel sound, the form ad (also rhotacized as ar) is used instead.
- When followed by the definite article, a combines with the article to produce the following combined forms:
Etymology 5
editVerb
edita
- Misspelling of àvi.
Silesian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editThe Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and a for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ã ã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ǒ ǒ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż
Etymology 2
editInherited from Old Polish a.
Conjunction
edita
- and (used to continue a previous statement or to add to it)
- and, but, whereas (used contrastively)
- and then (used to say an event will occur if some requirement is fulfilled)
- and (used for clairification)
Particle
edita
- intensifies agreement
Etymology 3
editInherited from Old Polish a, from Proto-Slavic *a.
Interjection
edita
- interjection that expresses various emotions; ah!
Further reading
editSkolt Sami
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editSee Translingual section.
Letter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a, Â â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Russian а (a) 'but'.[1]
Conjunction
edita
References
edit- ^ Juutinen, Markus. 2022. “Russian Loanwords in Skolt Saami”. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 2022 (67):75–126. https://doi.org/10.33339/fuf.110737.
Further reading
edit- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[35], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Slovak
editEtymology 1
editFrom Latin a, form of A, from Etruscan 𐌀 (a), from Ancient Greek Α (A, “alpha”), from Phoenician 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from Egyptian 𓃾.
Letter
edita (upper case A)
- The first letter of the Slovak alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) písmeno; A a, Á á, Ä ä, B b, C c, Č č, D d, Ď ď, Dz dz, Dž dž, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, Ch ch, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ĺ ĺ, Ľ ľ, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, Q q, R r, Ŕ ŕ, S s, Š š, T t, Ť ť, U u, Ú ú, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Z z, Ž ž
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”).
Conjunction
edita
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “a”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Slovene
editEtymology 1
editFrom Gaj's Latin alphabet a, from Czech alphabet a, modification of capital A, itself derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌀 (a), from the Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ, “aleph”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓃾.
Pronunciation
edit- (phoneme, tonal variety): IPA(key): /áː/, /àː/, /ʌ́/, /a/, [â], [ǎ]
- (phoneme, non-tonal variety): IPA(key): /aː/, /a/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /àː/, /áː/
Audio (letter name, non-tonal): (file) - Rhymes: -aː
- Homophone: a
Letter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
- The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
- The first letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.
Symbol
edita
- (SNPT) Phonetic transcription of sound [a].
Noun
editā m inan
Inflection
edit- Overall more common
Masculine inan., soft o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | ā | ||
gen. sing. | ā-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
ā | ā-ja | ā-ji |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
ā-ja | ā-jev | ā-jev |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
ā-ju | ā-jema | ā-jem |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
ā | ā-ja | ā-je |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
ā-ju | ā-jih | ā-jih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
ā-jem | ā-jema | ā-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | ā | ||
gen. sing. | ā | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | ā | ā | ā |
accusative | ā | ā | ā |
genitive | ā | ā | ā |
dative | ā | ā | ā |
locative | ā | ā | ā |
instrumental | ā | ā | ā |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAttested since the 18th century. Probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a), Lithuanian õ, Latin ō and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô). These could all derive from Proto-Indo-European interjection *ō (“oh, ah”), but each form in individual languages could easily be an independent, expressive formation.
Pronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -aː
- Homophones: A, a
Interjection
edita
- oh
- Used at the end of a sentence for confirmation, similarly to 'didn't I' in English.
- Tega nisi pričakoval, a? ― You did not expect this, did you?
Synonyms
editEtymology 3
editFrom Proto-Slavic *a, from Proto-Indo-European *ō̃t, which is ablative form of Proto-Indo-European *e- 'this'. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian a, Russian а (a) and Czech a.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
edita
Particle
edita
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
Further reading
edit- “a”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
Slovincian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“and; but”).
Conjunction
edita
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *a (“ah!”).
Interjection
edita
References
edit- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “a”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[36] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “ã”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[37] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1
Spanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLetter
edita (lower case, upper case A)
- The first letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Noun
edita f (plural aes)
- Name of the letter A.
Usage notes
editNominally, a always takes the usual feminine articles la and una (la a, una a). This makes it an exception to the rule according to which feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ frequently take the articles el and un otherwise reserved for masculine nouns (e.g., el alma, un alma).
See also
edit- (Latin script letter names) letra; a, be, ce, de, e, efe, ge, hache, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, cu, ere, ese, te, u, ve, ve doble/uve doble, equis, ye, zeta (Category: es:Latin letter names)
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editPreposition
edita
- to
- 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
- Tenía en su casa una ama que pasaba de los cuarenta y una sobrina que no llegaba a los veinte, y un mozo de campo y plaza que así ensillaba el rocín como tomaba la podadera.
- He had in his house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle the billhook.
- Tenía en su casa una ama que pasaba de los cuarenta y una sobrina que no llegaba a los veinte, y un mozo de campo y plaza que así ensillaba el rocín como tomaba la podadera.
- 1605, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Don Quijote de la Mancha1, Chapter I:
- by
- at
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
edit- Personal The time allocated for running scripts has expired. is not translated into English.
Derived terms
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Sranan Tongo
editPronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Article
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
editSranan Tongo makes no difference between singular and plural forms, except for pronouns and determiners and the definite article. Common nouns referring to a collection of similar items are usually treated as singular where in English they would be grammatically plural, and so are referred to with singular pronouns and determiners and the singular definite article.
Preposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Particle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be (used with a noun phrase as complement)
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
editThis particle is only used when the temporal aspect is unmarked, whether for timeless facts, or for statements where time is not considered relevant.
Sumerian
editRomanization
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Swahili
editParticle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
edit- This particle agrees in class with the noun preceding it.
- When used as an adjectival particle, the particle itself is untranslated:
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- When used as a genitive particle, the particle is sometimes untranslated:
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Inflection
editNoun class | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
m-wa class(I/II) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
m-mi class(III/IV) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
ji-ma class(V/VI) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
ki-vi class(VII/VIII) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
n class(IX/X) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
u class(XI) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | see n(X) or ma(VI) class |
pa class(XVI) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
ku class(XVII) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
mu class(XVIII) | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
See also
editSwedish
editPreposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- from The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
edit- Only used in the noun a dato (from this day) and the adverb a priori (beforehand, in advance).
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
Adverb
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. (not comparable)
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tagalog
editEtymology 1
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Each pronunciation has a different source:
- Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
- Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by Baybayin character The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
- Abecedario pronunciation is from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Pronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet (the Abecedario), called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
Noun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.the name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]], in the Abakada alphabetThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.the name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]], in the AbecedarioThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Related terms
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Interjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- ah: an exclamation of pity, admiration or surprise
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- oh (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Alternative forms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Interjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. ouch (The time allocated for running scripts has expired.)
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Alternative forms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Particle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Alternative forms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Further reading
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tarantino
editPreposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tày
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 1
editParticle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- alright?; okay?; will you?
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- already
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 2
editFrom The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognate with The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Noun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- paternal aunt
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- younger sister
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
References
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tok Pisin
editEtymology
editImitative or onomatopoeia.
Interjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- eh?
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tokelauan
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 1
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Article
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
editImpersonal | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Definite | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
Indefinite | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
Personal | ||
Nominal | Pronominal | |
Simple | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
After The time allocated for running scripts has expired./The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
After The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
Etymology 2
editFrom The time allocated for running scripts has expired.. Cognates include The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Preposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
References
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Tooro
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Particle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; The time allocated for running scripts has expired.; of
Declension
editNoun class | indefinite | definite | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
1/2 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
3/4 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
5/6 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
7/8 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
9/10 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
11/10 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
12/14 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
13 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
14/6 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
15/6 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
16 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
18 | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
References
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Turkish
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
edit- (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz
Noun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
editTurkmen
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.
See also
editTyap
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Interjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Pronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- you (2nd person subject singular personal pronoun)
Pronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Pronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Pronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- they (indefinite) (3rd person plural personal pronoun)
Pronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Upper Sorbian
editConjunction
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- and
- the (establishing a parallel between two comparatives)
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Further reading
edit- “a” in Soblex
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 1
editBorrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script.
Noun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 2
editNoun
edit(classifier The time allocated for running scripts has expired.) The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- a cutting tool consisting of two blades inserted into a long handle to cut grass or to harvest rice
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 3
editVerb
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- to rush or charge forward at
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 4
editPronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 5
editParticle
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 6
editInterjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Volapük
editEtymology
editBorrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. or The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Pronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Preposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Votic
editPronunciation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 1
editLetter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Conjunction
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- but (Following a negative clause or sentence) On the contrary, but rather
- However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand
Etymology 3
editNatural. Compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Interjection
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
editReferences
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Walloon
editEtymology
editFrom The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Pronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Preposition
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Welsh
editEtymology 1
editAlternative forms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Pronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The The time allocated for running scripts has expired. letter of the The time allocated for running scripts has expired. alphabet, called The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and written in the Latin script. It is followed by The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Mutation
edit- a cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take The time allocated for running scripts has expired., for example with the word The time allocated for running scripts has expired.:
The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms
edit- Digraph sequences: The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
See also
editNoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of the Latin-script letter [[A#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|A]]/[[a#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|a]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Mutation
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Verb
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Synonyms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 3
editFrom The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired. (compare The time allocated for running scripts has expired. and The time allocated for running scripts has expired.).
Pronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Conjunction
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Synonyms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Etymology 4
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Pronoun
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. that, which, who (used in 'direct' relative clauses, i.e. where the pronoun refers to the subject or the direct object of an inflected verb (as opposed to a periphrastic construction with bod, to be)).
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
edit- a is not used with the third person singular present of the verb bod, where the relative verb form sydd is used instead
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- not *Y dyn a yw'n ifanc
- a is not used in indirect relative clauses, where the pronoun is part of a genitive or periphrastic construction. Instead the second relative pronoun y is used
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- not *Y dyn a oedd ei chwaer yma
West Makian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Verb
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be cooked
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. to be done, finished
Conjugation
editConjugation of a (stative verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
2nd person | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
3rd person | inanimate | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
animate | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |||
imperative | —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | —, The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Verb
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired. The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Usage notes
editThe verb a ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do.
Conjugation
editConjugation of a (directional verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
2nd person | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | ||
3rd person | inanimate | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | |
animate | ||||
imperative | The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired. | The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired. |
References
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Yele
editPronunciation
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Letter
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired.
- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Derived terms
edit- The digraph ⟨aa⟩ transcribes the long vowel /æː/
- The digraph ⟨꞉a⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /æ̃/
- The trigraph ⟨꞉aa⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /æ̃ː/
See also
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
Yola
editEtymology 1
editThe time allocated for running scripts has expired. From The time allocated for running scripts has expired., from The time allocated for running scripts has expired..
Alternative forms
edit- The time allocated for running scripts has expired., The time allocated for running scripts has expired., Template:l, Template:l, Template:l, Template:l, Template:l, Template:l
Pronunciation
editArticle
editTemplate:head Template:attention
- the, in later times the.
Etymology 2
editFrom Template:inh, Template:m, from Template:inh.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editArticle
editEtymology 3
editUnstressed form of Template:m.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editEtymology 4
editPronoun
editEtymology 5
editPreposition
editReferences
editYoruba
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editLetter
editNoun
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editLikely a Template:clipping
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editUsage notes
editSimilar to other shortened subject pronouns, its usage is restricted and can only be found directly before a verb or pre-verbal marker. It cannot be used with particles/discourse markers such as Template:m or conjunctions such as Template:m, Template:m, and Template:m. In those cases, Template:m must be used instead.
Etymology 3
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editPronoun
editSee also
editYucatec Maya
editPronoun
editZazaki
editLetter
editSee also
editPronoun
editZhuang
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editCompare Template:cog.
Noun
editSynonyms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editEtymology 3
editParticle
editZou
editPronunciation
editNoun
editReferences
editZulu
editLetter
editSee also
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- Gilbertese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Gilbertese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Gilbertese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Gilbertese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Gilbertese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gilbertese lemmas
- Gilbertese numerals
- Gilbertese cardinal numbers
- gil:Four
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Grass Koiari lemmas
- Grass Koiari pronouns
- Gun terms with IPA pronunciation
- Gun lemmas
- Gun pronouns
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole articles
- Hawaiian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian conjunctions
- Hawaiian prepositions
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese particles
- Hokkien particles
- Chinese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian articles
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian pronouns
- Hungarian determiners
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Hungarian letters
- hu:Music
- Hungarian one-letter words
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aː
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aː/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic letters
- Icelandic nouns
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido letters
- Ido nouns
- io:Latin letter names
- Ido prepositions
- Ido apocopic forms
- Igbo lemmas
- Igbo letters
- Igbo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Igbo pronouns
- Igbo terms with usage examples
- Igbo determiners
- Indo-Portuguese terms inherited from Portuguese
- Indo-Portuguese terms derived from Portuguese
- Indo-Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indo-Portuguese lemmas
- Indo-Portuguese prepositions
- Indo-Portuguese terms with quotations
- Indonesian 1-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a
- Rhymes:Indonesian/a/1 syllable
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian letters
- id:Latin letter names
- Ingrian terms borrowed from Russian
- Ingrian terms derived from Russian
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑ/1 syllable
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian conjunctions
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation
- Interlingua lemmas
- Interlingua prepositions
- Interlingua terms with usage examples
- Inupiaq terms with IPA pronunciation
- Inupiaq lemmas
- Inupiaq interjections
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish lemmas
- Irish determiners
- Irish possessive determiners
- Irish terms with usage examples
- Connacht Irish
- Irish particles
- Irish pronouns
- Irish relative pronouns
- Irish prepositions
- Irish prepositions governing the dative
- Istriot terms inherited from Latin
- Istriot terms derived from Latin
- Istriot lemmas
- Istriot prepositions
- Istriot particles
- Italian 1-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/a
- Rhymes:Italian/a/1 syllable
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian lemmas
- Italian letters
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian feminine nouns
- it:Latin letter names
- Italian terms inherited from Latin
- Italian prepositions
- Italian terms with usage examples
- Central-Southern Italian
- Regional Italian
- Italian terms with quotations
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian misspellings
- Jamaican Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Jamaican Creole lemmas
- Jamaican Creole prepositions
- Jamaican Creole terms with usage examples
- Jamaican Creole verbs
- Jamaican Creole particles
- Jamaican Creole terms with quotations
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Jersey Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Jersey Dutch lemmas
- Jersey Dutch letters
- Kabuverdianu lemmas
- Kabuverdianu letters
- Kabyle lemmas
- Kabyle determiners
- Kabyle terms with usage examples
- Kalasha terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit
- Kalasha lemmas
- Kalasha pronouns
- Kankanaey terms borrowed from Tagalog
- Kankanaey terms derived from Tagalog
- Kankanaey terms derived from English
- Kankanaey 1-syllable words
- Kankanaey terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kankanaey/ej
- Rhymes:Kankanaey/ej/1 syllable
- Rhymes:Kankanaey/a
- Rhymes:Kankanaey/a/1 syllable
- Kankanaey lemmas
- Kankanaey letters
- Kankanaey terms borrowed from Ilocano
- Kankanaey terms derived from Ilocano
- Kankanaey interjections
- Kankanaey nouns
- Kankanaey particles
- Kapampangan lemmas
- Kapampangan ligatures
- Kapampangan terms with usage examples
- Kari'na terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kari'na lemmas
- Kari'na interjections
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/a
- Rhymes:Kashubian/a/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian letters
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Kashubian conjunctions
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian indeclinable nouns
- Kashubian neuter nouns
- csb:Music
- Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Kashubian interjections
- Kayan lemmas
- Kayan letters
- Kayan pronouns
- Kayan one-letter words
- K'iche' terms with IPA pronunciation
- K'iche' lemmas
- K'iche' adjectives
- K'iche' adverbs
- K'iche' pronouns
- Koitabu lemmas
- Koitabu pronouns
- Krisa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Krisa lemmas
- Krisa nouns
- Krisa masculine nouns
- Krisa terms with usage examples
- ksi:Mammals
- Ladin terms inherited from Latin
- Ladin terms derived from Latin
- Ladin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin prepositions
- Lashi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lashi lemmas
- Lashi adverbs
- Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latgalian lemmas
- Latgalian conjunctions
- Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin letters
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin terms derived from Etruscan
- Latin nouns
- Latin indeclinable nouns
- Latin feminine nouns
- Latin feminine indeclinable nouns
- Latin prepositions
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin interjections
- la:Latin letter names
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian letters
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian indeclinable nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Laz lemmas
- Laz determiners
- Laz terms in Latin script
- Laz letters
- Laz numerals
- Ligurian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian articles
- Ligurian terms inherited from Latin
- Ligurian terms derived from Latin
- Ligurian prepositions
- Ligurian terms with usage examples
- Livonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Livonian lemmas
- Livonian letters
- Louisiana Creole terms inherited from French
- Louisiana Creole terms derived from French
- Louisiana Creole lemmas
- Louisiana Creole verbs
- Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lower Sorbian lemmas
- Lower Sorbian letters
- dsb:Latin letter names
- Lower Sorbian conjunctions
- Lushootseed lemmas
- Lushootseed letters
- Malay 1-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay letters
- Malay interjections
- Malay terms with usage examples
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese letters
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Mandinka lemmas
- Mandinka pronouns
- Mandinka terms with usage examples
- Maori lemmas
- Maori particles
- Mezquital Otomi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mezquital Otomi lemmas
- Mezquital Otomi interjections
- Mezquital Otomi verbs
- Mezquital Otomi transitive verbs
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Otomi
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Otomi
- Mezquital Otomi terms inherited from Proto-Otomian
- Mezquital Otomi terms derived from Proto-Otomian
- Mezquital Otomi nouns
- ote:Parasites
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch nouns
- Middle Dutch feminine nouns
- Middle Dutch terms with rare senses
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English articles
- Middle English pronouns
- Late Middle English
- Middle English numerals
- Northern Middle English
- Early Middle English
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French prepositions
- Middle French non-lemma forms
- Middle French verb forms
- Middle Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Middle Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Middle Scots lemmas
- Middle Scots letters
- Middle Scots articles
- Middle Scots interjections
- Middle Scots terms inherited from Northern Middle English
- Middle Scots terms derived from Northern Middle English
- Middle Scots numerals
- Middle Scots pronouns
- Middle Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Welsh lemmas
- Middle Welsh particles
- Middle Welsh pronouns
- Middle Welsh relative pronouns
- Middle Welsh terms with quotations
- Middle Welsh interrogative particles
- Middle Welsh prepositions
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh
- Middle Welsh conjunctions
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Middle Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle Welsh non-lemma forms
- Middle Welsh verb forms
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Mòcheno terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ey-
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Middle High German
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Old High German
- Mòcheno terms derived from Old High German
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Mòcheno terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Mòcheno terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Mòcheno lemmas
- Mòcheno articles
- Mopan Maya lemmas
- Mopan Maya articles
- Mountain Koiari lemmas
- Mountain Koiari pronouns
- Murui Huitoto lemmas
- Murui Huitoto adverbs
- Murui Huitoto superseded forms
- Nauruan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nauruan lemmas
- Nauruan pronouns
- Nauruan terms with quotations
- Navajo lemmas
- Navajo letters
- Neapolitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan prepositions
- Nias terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Nias terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Nias terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Nias terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Nias lemmas
- Nias verbs
- Nias transitive verbs
- Norman non-lemma forms
- Norman verb forms
- Guernsey Norman
- North Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- North Frisian lemmas
- North Frisian letters
- North Frisian articles
- Föhr-Amrum North Frisian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Etruscan
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Phoenician
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Egyptian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål letters
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with quotations
- nb:Music
- nb:Physics
- Norwegian Bokmål symbols
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eHs-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from French
- Norwegian Bokmål prepositions
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Italian
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ey-
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål pronouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Danish
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from German
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Middle High German
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old High German
- Norwegian Bokmål interjections
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Danish
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk letters
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk interjections
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk prepositions
- Norwegian Nynorsk dialectal terms
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with quotations
- Nupe terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nupe lemmas
- Nupe letters
- Nupe particles
- Nupe terms with usage examples
- Nupe clippings
- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan prepositions
- Occitan nouns
- Occitan feminine nouns
- Occitan non-lemma forms
- Occitan verb forms
- oc:Latin letter names
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech interjections
- Old Czech particles
- Old Czech conjunctions
- Old Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Old Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Old Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Danish lemmas
- Old Danish nouns
- Scanian Old Danish
- Old Danish prepositions
- Old Danish non-lemma forms
- Old Danish verb forms
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch nouns
- Old Dutch feminine nouns
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adverbs
- Old English nouns
- Old English feminine nouns
- Old English prepositions
- Old French lemmas
- Old French letters
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French prepositions
- Old French terms with usage examples
- Old French non-lemma forms
- Old French verb forms
- Old French adverbs
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Old Galician-Portuguese lemmas
- Old Galician-Portuguese prepositions
- Old Galician-Portuguese articles
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish article forms
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish pronouns
- Old Irish relative pronouns
- Old Irish conjunctions
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish determiners
- Old Irish particles
- Old Irish terms with usage examples
- Old Irish prepositions
- Old Irish dative prepositions
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish interjections
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish conjunctions
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish nouns
- Old Swedish feminine nouns
- Old Swedish o-stem nouns
- Omaha-Ponca lemmas
- Omaha-Ponca nouns
- Ometepec Nahuatl lemmas
- Ometepec Nahuatl nouns
- nht:Liquids
- Oromo lemmas
- Oromo nouns
- Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Palauan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Palauan lemmas
- Palauan articles
- Palauan terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Palauan terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Palauan conjunctions
- Papiamentu lemmas
- Papiamentu letters
- Papiamentu particles
- Papiamentu terms with usage examples
- Papiamentu terms inherited from Portuguese
- Papiamentu terms derived from Portuguese
- Papiamentu prepositions
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/a
- Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish letters
- Polish terms with collocations
- Polish nouns
- Polish indeclinable nouns
- Polish neuter nouns
- pl:Music
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- pl:Metrology
- Polish abbreviations
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish conjunctions
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish interjections
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese terms with audio pronunciation
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Etruscan
- Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Portuguese terms derived from Phoenician
- Portuguese terms derived from Egyptian
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese letters
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese nouns with irregular gender
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese articles
- Portuguese terms with quotations
- Portuguese pronouns
- Portuguese terms with usage examples
- Portuguese prepositions
- Portuguese terms with rare senses
- European Portuguese
- Portuguese interjections
- Portuguese internet slang
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese misspellings
- Rapa Nui terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rapa Nui terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Rapa Nui terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Rapa Nui terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Rapa Nui terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Rapa Nui lemmas
- Rapa Nui articles
- Rapa Nui terms inherited from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Rapa Nui terms derived from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Rapa Nui prepositions
- Rawang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang suffixes
- Rawang pronouns
- Rawang terms with usage examples
- Rawang one-letter words
- Romagnol terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romagnol non-lemma forms
- Romagnol verb forms
- Romagnol terms inherited from Latin
- Romagnol terms derived from Latin
- Romagnol lemmas
- Romagnol pronouns
- Ville Unite Romagnol
- Romagnol prepositions
- Romani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romani lemmas
- Romani letters
- Romani interjections
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian letters
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian article forms
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian prepositions
- Romanian terms with usage examples
- Romanian terms with obsolete senses
- Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Romanian verb forms
- Sardinian terms inherited from Latin
- Sardinian terms derived from Latin
- Sardinian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sardinian lemmas
- Sardinian conjunctions
- Nuorese
- Campidanese
- Logudorese
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Sardinian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sardinian prepositions
- Sardinian terms with usage examples
- Sardinian doublets
- Sassarese terms inherited from Latin
- Sassarese terms derived from Latin
- Sassarese terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Sassarese terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Sassarese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sassarese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sassarese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sassarese lemmas
- Sassarese prepositions
- Satawalese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Satawalese lemmas
- Satawalese pronouns
- Scots lemmas
- Scots letters
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scots articles
- Scots determiners
- Scots adverbs
- Scots nouns
- Scots uncountable nouns
- Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Scottish Gaelic lemmas
- Scottish Gaelic letters
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish
- Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Scottish Gaelic particles
- Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples
- Scottish Gaelic determiners
- Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
- Scottish Gaelic pronouns
- Scottish Gaelic relative pronouns
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions
- Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative
- Scottish Gaelic interjections
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian letters
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian conjunctions
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian interjections
- Sicilian terms derived from Latin
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian nouns
- Sicilian feminine nouns
- scn:Latin letter names
- Sicilian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Sicilian terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Sicilian terms inherited from Latin
- Sicilian articles
- Sicilian pronouns
- Sicilian terms with usage examples
- Sicilian prepositions
- Sicilian non-lemma forms
- Sicilian misspellings
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/a
- Rhymes:Silesian/a/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian letters
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian conjunctions
- Silesian particles
- Silesian interjections
- Skolt Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Skolt Sami lemmas
- Skolt Sami letters
- Skolt Sami terms borrowed from Russian
- Skolt Sami terms derived from Russian
- Skolt Sami conjunctions
- Slovak terms derived from Latin
- Slovak terms derived from Etruscan
- Slovak terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Slovak terms derived from Phoenician
- Slovak terms derived from Egyptian
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak letters
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak conjunctions
- Slovene terms derived from Czech
- Slovene terms derived from Etruscan
- Slovene terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Slovene terms derived from Phoenician
- Slovene terms derived from Egyptian
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovene/aː
- Slovene terms with homophones
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene letters
- Slovene symbols
- Slovene nouns
- Slovene masculine nouns
- Slovene inanimate nouns
- Slovene masculine soft o-stem nouns
- Slovene masculine soft o-stem nouns with j-infix
- Slovene interjections
- Slovene terms with usage examples
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene conjunctions
- Slovene particles
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovincian/a
- Rhymes:Slovincian/a/1 syllable
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian conjunctions
- Slovincian interjections
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Rhymes:Spanish/a
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish letters
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish prepositions