Children's and Young Adult Literature

In this article, ELA and urban teacher educators who have been long-time advocates for and users of young adult literature in their work with beginning English teachers re-think the cultural constructs of "black and brown" adolescence that undergird the genre and guide their work.

Este libro tiene su origen en las sesiones del grupo de trabajo Arte y Literatura de la Associació de Mestres Rosa Sensat (AMRS). Se plantea la educación literaria para los niños de 0 a 6 años, por lo que es fundamental la selección de diversas obras de calidad, de diferentes géneros y estilos, además de la dinamización de los momentos y ambientes con gusto lite-rario, estéticos, accesibles y estimulantes. También se habla del vínculo que se establece entre los pequeños y los adultos, una interacción comu-nicativa y social, respetuosa y amable a la vez, que viene acompañada del descubrimiento y el crecimiento literarios, y desvela y aviva la imaginación y la curiosidad. En la segunda parte del libro, las experiencias muestran vivencias de los niños con la literatura y de qué modo la educación literaria en la prime-ra infancia se convierte en un instrumento de disfrute, representación y aprendizaje. Las familias y los maestros conocemos la importancia de las manifes-taciones literarias en el desarrollo de la creatividad y en la adquisición y apropiación de la lengua oral y escrita. Un proceso literario motivado es fuente de ilusiones, emociones y sueños, que debemos seguir fomentan-do. Pues, dando protagonismo a las ilustraciones, las narraciones, los re-latos y las palabras, promoveremos pequeños grandes lectores literarios. in-fan-cia Cristina Correro (Manresa, 1974) y Neus Real (Barcelona, 1968) son miembros de GRETEL (Grup d'

Course Description: As many as 300,000 children and young people under the age of 18 are currently fighting in conflicts around the world. Hundreds of thousands more have been recruited into armed forces. Although most child soldiers are teenagers, some are as young as 7 years old. In 1996 the UN reported that " One of the most alarming trends in armed conflict is the participation of children as soldiers. " In this course, students will view films and read texts that describe the roles played by children in conflict, explain the realities and diversity of child soldiers' experiences, and influence people's awareness of and attitudes towards child soldiers. Students will research, analyze, and consider policies and practices involved in the recruitment, rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration of child soldiers in various conflicts around the world.

Ambiti di interesse e finalità Civitas educationis. Education, Politics and Culture è una rivista internazionale peerreviewed che promuove la riflessione e la discussione sul legame fra educazione e politica, intesa come dimensione fondamentale dell'esistenza umana. Tale legame ha caratterizzato il pensiero e le pratiche educative occidentali sin dai tempi degli antichi greci, così come testimonia il nesso paideia-polis. La rivista vuole essere un'agorà in cui sia possibile indagare questo nesso da diverse prospettive e attraverso contributi teorici e ricerche empiriche che focalizzino l'attenzione sulle seguenti aree tematiche:

The article discusses the subversive power of children's books as it is expressed in many classical and contemporary works for young readers. Starting with a brief psychological explanation of the source of creativity and playfulness in children's literature, the author uses a Bakhtinian approach in analysing the carnivalesque quality of these books in their ability to create a topsy-turvy world, to use 'a festive laughter,' to present grotesque bodily transformations, and to discuss the lower stratum bodily functions such as food consumption and excretion. Many adults often underestimate the power of children's literature, and at the same time, some books are considered dangerous; therefore, they need to be protected from various attempts to censor or to ban them as unappropriated for children.

Acaba anlaşıp aynı anda zıplasak yer yerinden oynar mıydı? Elimizde bir şalter olsaydı ve yer çekimini şıp diye kapatsaydık ne olurdu? Sizin aklınıza da böyle sorular geliyor mu? "Olmaz öyle şey!" deyip geçmeyin. Bunları hayal etmek bile çok ilginç. Hem biliyor musunuz, birçok bilimsel keşif ilk başta hiç de mantıklı durmayan soruların açtığı maceralı yolun sonunda ortaya çıktı. Bu kitapta, Dünya, uzay, teknoloji, yaşam ve daha birçok konuyla ilgili sorular soracak, bu soruların bilimsel ama aynı zamanda son derece şaşırtıcı yanıtlarını birlikte öğreneceğiz. Genç bilimciler, hadi iş başına!

By adopting a comparative perspective, the present paper aims at investigating how and why differences are found in the dubbing and redubbing of the major motion picture E.T. The Extraterrestrial by Steven Spielberg. In particular, the analysis focuses on the translation and retranslation of culture-specific references (CSRs) found within the translation and retranslation of this major motion picture. The corpus comprises three different versions of the movie script: the original version in English (1982), the dubbed version in Italian (1982) and the redubbed version, still in Italian (2002). After an initial quantitative analysis of the three different scripts, a qualitative analysis was carried out adopting Vinay and Darbelnet's (1958/2002) taxonomy to categorize the translations of CSRs, as cases of Direct Translations or Oblique Translations. The study confirms Berman's (1990) Retranslation Hypothesis on literary retransmissions and indicates that the two decades that divide the first and second dubbing of the movie have been culturally and linguistically crucial, widening the cultural and linguistic horizon of contemporary Italian viewers.

The aim in this article is to present the life and work of Zofia Ernst (1918–1994), an ardent connoisseur of Italian culture and literature and an accomplished translator of Italian books for adults and children. Drawing on D'hulst's historiographic model (2001, 2010) and Kaczmarek's topobiographical approach (2013), I address key moments in Ernst's life. The focus on the life story of this one translator helps me outline the milieu in which she lived and worked as well as show her impact on how the representations of Italian literature took shape in Poland before 1994. I also explore translations of Italian literature for children and young adults that Zofia Ernst produced for the Polish publisher Nasza Księgarnia during the period of 1954–1974, as they still form an under-examined field.

Yazarımız bu masal kitabını, halktan elde ettiği derlemeler sonucunda, çocuk edebiyatına yeni bir soluk getirmesi amacıyla kaleme almıştır. Çocuklara farklı türden yeteneklerin kazandırılması amaçlanan bu kitapta, bolca macera ve olağanüstü kahramanlara yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca, çocukların dil gelişimine özen gösterilerek, onların sözcük dağarcığının zenginleştirilmesi amaç edinilmiştir. Yazar, çocukların sosyal-duygusal gelişimini de göz önünde bulundurarak, masalın akışındaki anlatımına özen göstermiştir. Bu kitapta iki adet masal yer almaktadır. Birincisinin adı, Altın Saçlı Kız ile Gümüş Perçemli Oğlan olup, ikincisinin adı ise; Göller Diyarındaki Gizem'dir. Her yaştaki insanın severek okuyacağı bu masal kitabı ile, uzak diyarların gizemli dünyasını keşfetmeye hazır mısınız? Hazırsanız, gelin hep beraber Atlıhan’ın atına binip serüvenlere atılalım. Devlerden kaçıp büyüleyici güzellikteki gülleri altın saçlı kıza götürelim. Acaba bu güller, onun gözlerinin ferini geri getirebilecek mi? İyileşecek mi? Ne dersiniz? Ya Göller Diyarına ne demeli? Gerçekten de orada yüzünü yıkayan her genç kız güzelleşir mi? Gelin hep beraber bu soruların cevaplarını aramaya gidelim. Haydi okuyalım!

De tout temps, les grandes questions, les “choses sérieuses”, occupent les gens; et on croit qu’en ayant recours à des raisonnements logiques, à la pensée rationelle, on trouve toutes les réponses voulues et on découvre la voie royale qui mène à La Vérité. Mais si cette Vérité n’est pas illusoire, et si elle existe vraiment et fait partie de notre vie quotidienne, comment se fait-il qu’elle soit si difficile à trouver?
Dans ce chef d’oeuvre qu’est Le Petit Prince, “intellectualiser” les différents aspects de la vie ne s’avère pas être le bon chemin à suivre. Antoine de Saint Exupéry réussit à nous révéler le secret de la vie: “On ne voit bien qu’avec le coeur. L’essentiel est invisible pour les yeux” .
Qui est alors ce fameux Saint Exupéry et qu’est-ce qui a fait de lui une personne pour qui la vie n’a pas de secrets?

La novela "Nadar de pie" (2010) de Sandra Comino (Junín, 1964) es un relato que aborda el pasado reciente de Argentina, específicamente la guerra de Malvinas (1982) y las implicancias que esta tiene para la familia de Mavi, la adolescente protagonista. La propuesta de esta reseña crítica es la de reflexionar sobre cómo la escritura se transforma para Mavi en la única vía posible para reconstruir su historia y otorgarle sentido, erigiendo un relato catártico que la libera de la angustia paralizante y le permite configurar una memoria personal –atravesada constantemente por la memoria social–, que finalmente resignifica su pasado, modifica su presente y se proyecta hacia el futuro. Se destaca también la construcción de un relato que se dirige a audiencias adolescentes, abordando temáticas complejas sin intención de reducir la obra a un relato didáctico.

Este texto forma parte de la Revista Umbral. Literatura para infancia, adolescencia y juventud. Colección de Propuestas Críticas: http://cielchile.org/umbral/

ANIMALISTIC LAYER IN THE NOVELS OF MAJA GLUŠČEVIĆ (IN 1990S)
SUMMARY: Animal characters have always been present in many human activities, including literature. The interest in animal studies is increasing in contemporary times, precisely, since the 1970s. It is evident that the presence of animal characters is especially noticeable in children's literature. In this context, the works of Maja Gluščević, in which animal characters almost always exist, stand out. After a brief theoretical insight into animal studies, the paper analyzes animalistic layer present in 6 novels written by Maja Gluščević. Precisely, the focus is on novels that were first issued in 1990s. The paper analyzes the ways of depiction and functions of animal characters and their relationships with human characters.
Keywords: animal characters, animal studies, contemporary children’s novel, Maja Gluščević

ANIMALISTIČKI SLOJ U ROMANIMA MAJE GLUŠČEVIĆ (90-TE GODINE 20. STOLJEĆA)
REZIME: Likovi životinja oduvijek se javljaju u mnogim ljudskim djelatnostima pa tako i u književnosti. Zanimanje za animalistiku jača u suvremenom vremenu, točnije, od 1970-ih godina. Evidentno je da je prisutnost životinjskih likova posebice vidljiva u dječjoj književnosti. U tom kontekstu ističu se djela autorice Maje Gluščević u kojima gotovo uvijek egzistiraju životinjski likovi. Nakon kratkog teorijskog uvida u animalistiku, u radu se analizira animalistički sloj prisutan u 6 romana Maje Gluščević. Točnije, u fokusu su romani koji su svoje prvo izdanje doživjeli u 90-im godinama 20. stoljeća. Analiziraju se načini prikaza i funkcije životinjskih likova te njihovi odnosi s ljudskim likovima.
Ključne riječi: animalistika, Maja Gluščević, suvremeni dječji roman, životinjski likovi

Mirjam Pressler Haydi, Konuş Artık adlı romanında, 13 yaşındaki Karin'in yaşadığı ergenlik sancılarıyla bizi ergenlik denilen alacakaranlığın içine çekiyor. Pressler'in kitabı bir ergenlik çağı kitabı, ama bu kitabı sadece ergenlik çağında olanlar değil, "ergenlerle didişme çağında olanlar" da okumalı.

Este trabajo recoge un breve recorrido por la literatura infantil italiana entre las últimas dé-cadas del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX. Se expone la visión de «niñez» a partir de algunas obras literarias del periodo comprendido entre la Unificación de Italia y la segunda postguerra, junto a algunos de los acontecimientos históricos que influyeron en las propuestas de los autores citados, como la imposición de un solo dialecto en toda la península o los proyectos educativos definidos por ideologías imperantes.

This work presents a brief tour through Italian children's literature between the last decades of the 19 th century and the first half of the 20 th century. It shows the notion of "childhood" exposed in some literary pieces from the Unification of Italy to the second postwar, along with some of the historical events that influenced the proposals of the authors cited, such as the imposition of a single dialect throughout the country or educational projects defined by prevailing ideologies.

A free childhood Children should grow up in a free environment, where they are respected as individuals, and where they can pursue the activities, which they have a natural interest in. First of all because this is what makes children happy. And secondly, because this is one of the best ways to ensure that they grow up to become competent and responsible adults, who can take care of themselves, their fellow human beings and the rest of our old, blue planet.

In children’s and young adult literatures, the way that literature provides readers with diverse ways of seeing the world, is particularly relevant as those texts can be considered to function as agents of socialization that promote the norms of behaviour of a nation, as well as its cultural images and narratives (Pearce 2003, 238). Young people literature rewrites “social and cultural history for the purpose of shaping the present” (Stephens 1996, 181) and can thus mediate the transformation of attitudes and values, or confirm existing ones (Macintyre 2011, 352) such as the evolution of multiculturalism. Indeed, Pearce (2003) has argued that multicultural representation is at a third stage in which “ethnicity is not a marker of cultural difference but an accepted part of Australian life” (246), having gone beyond two previous stages that had “superficial or cosmetic” (Fish 1997, 378) depictions of multiculturalism such as stories centred on Anglo-Celtic protagonists benefiting from an exotic ethnic other, or told from the point of view of an “ethnic” insider by Anglo-Celtic writers (Stephens 1996).
However, I will argue that multiculturalism and its representations have not reached such a stage. Alice Pung’s young adult fictional novel Laurinda (2014) showcases the covert racism that Australia’s politics of multiculturalism still conceal under its well-intentioned but superficial acceptation of ethnic minorities “by virtue of Othering” (Ang 2001: 139) into its Anglo-Celtic structure. While set in the 90s, the protagonist Lucy Lam, a second-generation Chinese-Vietnamese teenager, is subjected to many instances of covert racism (Dunn et al. 2004) that still occur nowadays. Those instances will be analysed in key extracts that feature food due to its historical use in the articulation of attitudes throughout Australia’s changing relationship with immigration and its Asian neighbours.

Whether you dream of building an on-line business, running an on-line business or becoming a fashion designer, pop-star or footballer, there are key business skills that you cannot do without if you are to succeed financially
Forbes "Spurred by watching the attrition to new business through a lack of core skills, one British insolvency lawyer is bringing business education to children"

In this study, I examine the various discourses that influence and inhabit the field of young adult literature in English teacher education. Data was collected from participants that published with the Assembly on Literature for Adolescents of the National Council of Teachers of English (The ALAN Review) in 2017-2018 (Volumes 44(2)-46(1)), and were teacher educators working in language and literacy education with preservice teachers and young adult (YA) literature (YAL). Participants submitted course materials like course syllabi that included required and choice reading lists, calendars, and assessments that were then analyzed to create an understanding of how YAL fit into teacher education now to be able to think about the future of the field with this foundational knowledge in place.

I draw upon Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the centripetal and centrifugal nature of language within heteroglossia to examine how the purposes included on these course syllabi reflect the struggle of individual voices to be heard within heteroglossic spaces, and how active analysis on the part of teacher educators and preservice teachers to understand the competing discourses within YAL can allow the voice of the student to be raised up and hierarchies of power to be flattened. Findings indicate that YAL courses provide diverse ways of meeting the individual reading needs of both secondary students and preservice teachers.

Fantasy genre fiction has increasingly received academic attention for its representations of gender and sexuality, and scholars have acknowledged that the genre has the potential to challenge accepted ideas about femininity and heterosexuality. However, few studies have questioned how men and masculinity are constructed within the fantasy genre, despite the prevalence of masculine characters and readers and the influence that popular cultural texts exert over young audiences. This paper uses Raewyn Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity and Judith Butler's poststructuralist gender theories to reveal how dominant ideas about masculine stoicism are negotiated and (re)imagined within Christopher Paolini's young adult fantasy series The Inheritance Cycle (2005-2011). I argue that while unemotional masculine discourses are present within the narrative, fantasy genre conventions such as magic and magical creatures invite readers to question their desirability and recognize how they are socially constructed and compelled. By analysing magical telepathic bonds, crying, magical races, and magic, I find that young readers are presented with complex but often progressive ideas about how masculine subjects may experience and express their emotions. The article demonstrates that fantasy genre fiction is a crucial site for analysis in masculinities studies because it provides a means of reflecting and recreating masculine discourses without the constraints of realism.

Two central assumptions inform the research on the literary languages of immi- grant and émigré writers. The first is that bilingual and polyglot authors tend to produce linguistically hybrid texts. The second is that publishers and their associ- ates are responsible for the occasions when this does not occur. To question both, this article focuses on the little-studied life and career of Margret and H.A. Rey, the well-known children’s book authors and illustrators and creators of the “Curi- ous George” series. What wider gamut of forces could have forged polyglot indi- viduals into monolingual authors and purveyors of monolingual publishing?

De website www.lezenvoordelijst.nl geeft advies bij keuze en verwerking van boeken die leerlingen voor hun lijst lezen. De site komt voort uit onderzoek naar de literaire ontwikkeling van adolescenten in de bovenbouw van Theo Witte (2008, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen). Dietha Koster en Jildau Vrieswijk (2013, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) hebben dit onderzoek uitgebreid naar het vmbo en de onderbouw havo/vwo. Wij hebben vijf niveaus van literaire competentie vastgesteld, bestaande uit boek- en leerlingkenmerken, die beschrijven hoe het literaire ontwikkelingsproces van leerlingen op het vmbo en in de onderbouw havo/vwo  verloopt. Tevens is een door docenten gevalideerde lijst van 100 boektitels gekoppeld aan deze vijf niveaus, die toegankelijk is via de Lezen voor de Lijst (LvdL) website. Op het moment zet LvdL zich in om docenten te informeren over de mogelijkheden die de website biedt en met docenten en andere partijen, zoals de Openbare Bibliotheek, de website bij te werken en actueel te houden. Op deze manier blijven leerlingen en docenten beschikken over een waardevol instrument om leesontwikkeling en -plezier te stimuleren.

SITTI'S SECRETS is a poetic picturebook about a young Palestinian-American teenager’s first encounter with her ageing paternal grandmother ‘Sitti’ (sitti = grandma in Palestinian Arabic) living in a small Palestinian village on the West Bank, perhaps shortly before the June 1967 war. The brief narrative revolves around human connections that defy distance and time, a tale about ‘otherness’ in culture and language, and a young girl dreaming about and then discovering her grandmother’s very different distant world. The author is the highly acclaimed Palestinian-American lyric poet Naomi Shihab Nye, born in St. Louis in 1952. Naomi has authored numerous books, including a young-adult novel set in the West Bank in the 1970s (Habibi, 1997) and the recent teen novel, The Turtle of Oman.
The picturebook is a sensitively told counter-text to xenophobia of any kind. The easy lexis and basic syntax render the tale suitable for learners at low intermediate level and beyond. It can be taught as a window onto Palestinians, a different deeply agrarian life and culture. Themes that can connect with students’ own lives and knowledge abound, including the riddles of a bicultural childhood.

→ This is a slightly expanded version of a 'Recommended Read' published in CLELEjournal 3(2), November 2015  (http://clelejournal.org)

Resumen El libro de An Na, A Step from Heaven (2002), es una novela de iniciación que relata el crecimiento emocional de su protagonista, Young Ju, tras haber emigrado desde Corea hasta Estados Unidos con cuatro años de edad. A través de la perspectiva de la protagonista, los lectores se ven implicados en las crudas realidades en las que su familia irremediablemente se encuentra. Estas condiciones incluyen pobreza, marginalización social, desorientación cultural y violencia en el ámbito doméstico. Sin embargo, la novela no tiene una visión totalmente fatalista, ya que Young Ju será capaz de superar todas estas dificultades para construir un futuro mejor. En el presente trabajo trataré de demostrar que, en nuestro mundo global y multicultural, novelas como A Step from Heaven son necesarias para conseguir que los lectores jóvenes comprendan estas complejas y duras realidades sociales. Para cualquier niño o adolescente en condiciones similares, siempre será positivo encontrar libros cuyos protagonistas, como es el caso de Young Ju, les ofrezcan un ejemplo de fortaleza, valentía y optimismo. Palabras clave: novela de iniciación, diáspora, emigración, hibridización, multiculturalismo, violencia de género. Abstract An Na's A Step from Heaven (2002) is a coming of age novel that follows the emotional maturation of its protagonist, Young Ju, who migrated from Korea to the United States at the age of four. Through the heroine's perspective, readers become involved in the grim conditions the family is forced to face, such as poverty, social marginalization, cultural dislocation and domestic violence. However, the novel avoids a totally tragic and fatalistic approach to its subject matter, since Young Ju is finally able to overcome all suffering and find the promise of a better future. As will be argued, novels such as A Step from Heaven tackle harsh and complex issues-widely present in today's multicultural and globalized world — that need to be understood by young adults for them to grow awareness of these social realities. For children and adolescents in similar conditions, it is always reassuring to read books peopled with individuals who, as in the case of Na's heroine, set a positive example of endurance, courage and optimism.

"Thanks to their huge market success, animations from The Disney Company and blockbuster franchises like Harry Potter have dominated 'family film' production. Yet there is a long, varied and largely untold history of films made for 'family' audiences of adults and children outside the United States, and of non-Disney family films in Hollywood.

Family Films in Global Cinema is the first serious examination of films for child and family audiences in a global context.  Whereas most previous studies of children’s films and family films have concerned themselves solely with Disney, this book encompasses both live-action and animated films from the Hollywood, British, Australian, East German, Russian, Indian, Japanese and Brazilian cinemas.  As well as examining international family films previously ignored by scholars, the collection also presents a fresh perspective on familiar movies such as The Railway Children, The Nightmare Before Christmas, Babe, and the Harry Potter series.

Coinciding with a surging critical interest in children’s culture, Family Films in Global Cinema brings together film and television critics and historians, children’s literature scholars and folklorists. Contributors interrogate the generic aspects of family films, analysing their key formal and thematic characteristics, revealing their commonalities and variations across social and cultural borders, questioning what makes them enduringly popular for adults as well as children, and underlining their enormous richness and diversity."

Introduction: Children's Films and Family Films; Noel Brown and Bruce Babington

PART I: QUESTIONS OF IDENTITY

1. Ladies and Gentleman, Boys and Girls: Babe and Babe: Pig in the City; Bruce Babington
2. 'A film specially suitable for children': The Marketing and Reception of 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968); Peter Krämer
3. 'Why Can't They Make Kids' Flicks Anymore?': Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory and the Dual-Addressed Family Film; Adrian Schober
4. 'This is Halloween': The History, Significance, and Cultural Impact of Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas; James M. Curtis

PART II: THE CHILD AND THE FAMILY

5. Sabu, the Elephant Boy; Jeffrey Richards
6. The Classical Hollywood Family on Screen: Living with Father and Remembering Mama; Bruce Babington
7. The Railway Children, and Other Stories: Lionel Jeffries and British Family Films in the 1970s; Noel Brown
8. 'Luke, I am your father': Toys, Play Space, and Detached Fathers in Post-1970s Hollywood Family Films; Holly Blackford

PART III: CINEMA AND STATE

9. 'Films to Give Kids Courage!': Children's Films in the German Democratic Republic; Benita Blessing
10. Post-Soviet Parody: Can Family Films about Russian Heroes be Funny?; Natalie Kononenko
11. A Brief History of Indian Children's Cinema; Noel Brown

PART IV: NATIONAL IDENTITIES

12. Brazilian Children's Cinema in the 1990s: Tensions Between the National-Popular and the International-Popular; Mirian Ou and Alessandro Constantino Gamo
13. Narrative, Time, and Memory in Studio Ghibli Films; Tom Ue
14. Dark Films for Dark Times: Spectacle, Reception, and the Textual Resonances of the Hollywood Fantasy Film; Fran Pheasant-Kelly"

REVIEWS the Great Migration in Brooklyn as it adapts to post-World War II convenience culture, and the Jim Crow American South' (144). With this framework, Keeling and Pollard situate the rest of their analysis of Williams-Garcia's works within the historical time and place that she conceptualises her characters. While the aforementioned chapters represent only a selection of the theoretical work included in the volume, they emphasise Keeling and Pollard's commitment to historicising, contextualising, and researching where food comes from, how it is made, and what it signifies. Considering the role that food plays in expressing and understanding cultural identity requires scholars to navigate socio-cultural-historical contexts in careful detail, a thread that is at the heart of foodways scholarship. This is the main strength of Table Lands, as the book is bolstered by Keeling and Pollard's foodways approaches: rather than seeing food only through a literary lens, they account for the broad range of ways that humans eat, prepare, think about, construct, read, understand, share, and cultivate food. The most comprehensive study to date, Table Lands is a critical investigation of how important food is in our lives and how children's literature takes up these ideas.

Fiction written for a younger audience tends to correspond to the Monomyth, or Hero’s Journey, as defined by Joseph Campbell, and this is doubly true of fantasy-based YA and children’s literature, wherein the crossing of the threshold tends to be represented by the literal transportation of the protagonist to some kind of alternate world or reality. This paper argues that these narratives – while conforming to monomythical structures and tropes – primarily represent the fulfilment of the first chapter of Campbell’s pattern, and the development of a transitional identity for its protagonist. This analysis is supported through a dual methodology. Firstly, through close readings of three key YA texts – Coraline by Neil Gaiman, A Monster Calls by Patrick Ness and A Song for Ella Grey by David Almond. These have been chosen both for the contrasting ways in which they approach folkloric and mythological tropes and storytelling patterns, and because of the differing ages of the novels’ protagonists. This enables me to explore the different impacts of the transitions in question on young people at different stages of their emotional development.  Secondly, the stages of the Hero’s Journey itself are contrasted with each protagonist’s progress, and, in this way, the Monomyth is shown to be open-ended in nature.

The story of Prophet Joseph is one of the most prominent stories in world literature. It has benefited from amazing literariness and its themes such as envy among brothers, various aspects of love, the importance of dreams, and the process of transition to adulthood have made it a potential candidate to be included in children's literature, especially YA literature. It is worth mentioning that some writers, including Iranian and European ones, have been inspired by it. We can refer to Jami in Iran and Thomas Mann in Germany. Given the pervasive background of myth and the vivid presence of dreams, this story lends itself to the archetypal approach properly. The present article intends to explore the basic symbols in the story based on this approach and shed light on its dark corners.
Keywords: YA Literature, Consciousness, Unconsciousness, Archetype, Story of Joseph, Quran

داستان حضرت یوسف (ع) یکی از برجسته ترین داستانها در ادبیات جهان است که از ادبیتی شگفت بهره برده و موضوعات موجود در آن مانند رشک ورزی بین برادران، عشق در جنبه های گونه گون، اهمیت رؤیا، و فرآیند گذار به بزرگسالی، توان نهفته ی بسیاری برای حضور این داستان در وادی ادبیات کودک و به ویژه نوجوان به آن داده است. گفتنی است که نویسندگانی هم، چه در ادب ایران و چه در ادب اروپا از آن الهام گرفته اند، نظير جامی در ایران و توماس مان در ادب آلمان. با نظر به زمینه ی فراگستر اسطوره و حضور پررنگ رؤیا در آن، این داستان خود را در برابر رویکرد کهن الگویانه وامی نهد. مقاله ی حاضر بر آن است که نمادهای اساسی موجود در داستان را بر اساس این رویکرد واکاود و پرتوی بر گوشه های تاریک آن بتاباند.
کلیدواژه ها: ادبیات نوجوان، خودآگاه، ناخودآگاه، کهن الگو، داستان یوسف، قرآن