Transaltion and Interpreting Studies

The term strategy is increasingly mentioned in the interpreting literature. Individual strategies have been approached from various perspectives by a number of interpreting research scholars. Those strategies are used by interpreters to cope with cognitive constraints, interpreting mode-specific difficulties, and language- and culture-specific constraints. Given its importance, the author argues to include strategy training in interpreter education based on a synthesis of evidence from the current literature. This article firstly presents a state-of-the-art review of research on the defining features of strategies and their varieties. It then validates the contribution of strategy training to interpreter education in terms of overcoming cognitive constraints, combating interpreting mode-specific constraints, coping with language- and culture-specific constraints, conforming to interpreting norms, revealing problem-solution relations in the interpreting process, highlighting novice-expert differences for pedagogical use, and leading to interpreter competence development. The article also provides a brief demonstration of how to teach strategies to trainees. Hopefully, this article can inspire interpreter trainers to recognize the importance of strategies and include strategy training in their teaching.

The global spread of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has caused a fundamental change to translation and interpreting (T&I). Translation and interpreting used to revolve around bilingual mediation between native speakers and native listeners. In interpreting, in particular, more often than not, source speeches are now produced by non-native English speakers. The impact of this development has the potential to uproot our traditional understanding of T&I. This article sets out to describe how ELF or, more specifically, input produced by nonnative English speakers under ELF conditions, differs from the native-speaker input, translators and interpreters used to be dealing with. It gauges the consequences of these differences for translation and interpreting and examines how fundamental a change it is navigating between non-native speakers and listeners, as compared to the traditional situation of mediating between speakers and listeners operating in their respective first languages. This culminates in an exploration of the question as to whether there is reason to speak of a paradigm shift in translation and interpreting studies.

The acquisition of terminology and specialized knowledge prior to a technical conference represents a fundamental phase in the interpreter's workflow, but quick and easy access to terminological information during the interpreting task is equally important to support the interpreter in the rendition of terminology and to ensure a high-quality interpreting performance. Over the past few years, terminology management tools have been developed specifically for interpreters, but the impact of such tools on the cognitive processes involved in simultaneous interpreting is still unclear. To this end, an exploratory study was conducted to evaluaonference interpreters were covered.te the appro-priateness of the stimuli adopted for data collection and to verify whether the use of computer-assisted interpreting tools causes saturation or, on the contrary, helps prevent it by reducing the local cognitive load during terminology search and delivery of the target text.

This paper addresses the issue of foreign language education with special focus on the teaching of translation and its impact on language proficiency and knowledge transfer in the Arab World. Languages are the vehicles of thought and feelings among the human communities. The question is: where do we need to focus our teaching efforts of foreign languages? Is it useful to enable people to speak the language as native-like or is it more useful to people to be professional in translation so as to read and acquire knowledge in their own mother tongue? Translation played the major role in bridging the physical gap between all nations. It is also evident that speaking the foreign language does not help too much in the transfer of knowledge to human communities as translation does. Translation is considered by Lado (1975:25) as the fifth language skill. We believe that it is the most important language skill, as translation renders information to millions of people in their own languages. Learning a language alone does not qualify people that much to achieve development, but transferring knowledge via translation does; because translation enriches both the source and the target languages with new ideas and new linguistic features.

This is the Spanish version of the chapter Eindrucksbildung (published in 2011).

La formación de primeras impresiones es un tema de especial importancia en interpretación simultánea (IS), puesto que la impresión que haya causado la interpretación, tanto en los usuarios como en las personas de las que depende la contratación del servicio, puede ser relevante para futuros trabajos. El único contacto que se establece entre éste y el usuario se produce a través de los auriculares que le llevan el sonido de su voz y lo que ésta les transmite. Los usuarios desconocen las circunstancias del intérprete, su estado de ánimo y el nivel habitual de rendimiento de este profesional. Además, ésa puede ser la única vez en la que ambos coincidan. Por tanto, el efecto de la primera interpretación puede tener más repercusión de lo que pudiera parecer en un principio. Como se ha señalado en algún trabajo, debemos concienciarnos de que incluso los factores que, en principio, pueden parecer irrelevantes para la evaluación de la calidad que realiza el usuario se deben tener en cuenta en la interpretación (Collados Aís et al. 2003: 39). Del mismo modo que, en la vida diaria, la apariencia y las primeras palabras que se intercambian con una persona conforman una primera impresión de la misma, que suele mantenerse si no se dispone de otra oportunidad para conocerla más a fondo; los elementos formales desempeñan un papel importante en la red de opiniones que se conforman sobre el intérprete en la IS. En el análisis de estas primeras impresiones dejamos a un lado la controversia acerca de si los usuarios son jueces adecuados o no

What was the role of interpreters and translators during the Ottoman Empire? What are the differences between modern translators and/or interpreters and dragomans? What were the peculiarities that characterised their profession? What types of interpreters existed during this period and who were the most important interpreters/dragomans of that time?

This study was completed in two phases to check the reliability of some translations regarding the depth of the translators’ understanding of the source language in this case Persian. First, a field work was carried out in the departments of Foreign Languages and of Persian language and literature of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during the spring semester of2007. Secondly, a random selection of English excerpts was compared to the Persian source. We looked for structural, cultural and contextual probable mismatches. The objective was to raise consciousness in both Persian and English readers regarding the translations’ level of accuracy. Consequently, some faults were identified in each and all the selected texts showing contextual, cultural and structural mismatches and misinterpretations.

This research attempted to evaluate the quality of Persian translation of drug leaflets. The researchers randomly selected a set of 30 pharmaceutical leaflets collected between March-August, 2015. The leaflets were analyzed based on House's functional-pragmatic model of translation quality assessment. At first, the profiles of both source texts and target texts were collected. Then, their overtly and covertly erroneous errors and the kinds of strategies used by the translators in translating the pharmaceutical leaflets into Persian were identified. The results indicate that out of 90 selected sentences of English leaflets, 47 were overtly erroneous and 43 were error-free. These overtly erroneous translations had 27 instances of " mistranslation " , 15 instances of " grammatical mistakes " , six instances of " addition " , six instances of " omission " and four instances of " substitution ". The only covert error was " tenor mismatch " in all sample sentences. The study findings can help teachers in translation studies to improve the quality of students' translation. Moreover, awareness of the errors in the current leaflet translations can assist students in performing their future jobs as translators. The findings may directly and indirectly affect the health of patients in an efficient and effective way.

In this paper, we discuss three translation techniques: literal, cultural, and artistic. Literal translation is a well-known technique, which means that it is quite easy to find sources on the topic. Cultural and artistic translation may be new terms. Whilst cultural translation focuses on matching contexts, artistic translation focuses on matching reactions. Because literal translation matches only words, it is not hard to find situations in which we should not use this technique.  Because artistic translation focuses on reactions, judging the quality of an artistic translation work is one of the most difficult things one can do. We end up having a score of complexity and humanity for each one of the mentioned techniques: Literal translation would be the closest thing we have to the machines world and artistic translation would be the closest thing we have to the purely human world. By creating these classifications and studying the subtleties of each one of them, we are adding degrees of quality to our courses and to translation as a professional field. The main contribution of this paper is then the formalization of such a piece of knowledge. We, however, also lay the foundations for studies of this type.

This paper has two parts to it. The fi rst part is about the presence and possible impact of Hindi and Polish as foreign words in the contemporary English language. This is measured via the proposed tool of CRAC (Cumulative Average Relative Count). The research is done on the basis of the British National Corpus (2001, 2007) and Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (2004, 2009). The focus is laid on the overriding heuristic metaphor LANGUAGE LAWS are PHYSICAL LAWS, where laws of lexical assimilation are viewed as analogous to physical laws of gravity. The second part marks the transition from a theoretical-descriptive perspective into a more practical, intercultural dimension. It is about translation of foreign proper names from the viewpoint of legal (certifi ed) translation. This is a signifi cant issue as many foreign words are actually proper names in English. This part relates then to specifi c controversies and proposed solutions concerning translation of Polish and Hindi proper foreign names in view of the presence and absence of their diacrit-ic forms in English. The framework for adoption of the argument are institutionally established standards of certifi ed translation practice in Poland.

In the contemporary studies of translation, cultural differences between languages absorb a great amount of attention. The problem of culture-bound elements and cultural untranslatability, is considered as a controversial issue in the process of translation. Moreover, the importance of the culture-bound elements intensifies if the text under translation is a children literature, since to children, books can be seen as a window to the world and new cultures. Therefore, based on the noted importance, the current study aims to explore the cultural untranslatability in translations of one of the well-known Persian children stories entitles, The Little Black Fish by Samad Behrangi. In order to pursue the objectives of the study, the present research is going to perform a comparative analysis of three different translations of the noted book, in terms of culture-bound elements and untranslatable items. To this end, after identifying the problematic elements, the study will analyze the findings. It is hoped that the findings illustrate, the level of congruency between the original cultural elements and their translation in each of the translated texts under investigation. The present study can contribute to the body of knowledge in cultural studies of translation.

Interpreting quality is conditioned by a myriad of factors, and going back to basics every now and then may help in asking the right questions. Moreover, the advancement of an applied science such as interpreting studies makes it indispensable to stop and check periodically whether the communication between research, training and professional practice is flowing properly. With this in mind, in the context of the Second International Conference on Interpreting Quality, held in 2011 in Almunecar, Spain, it was decided to open a forum to allow participants to share their ideas with a broader audience. The result is a collection of interesting contributions developed from a variety of methodological perspectives, dealing with topics ranging from interpreter training to professional practice and including both spoken and signed languages. From the perspective of interpreter training, the papers address topics such as the implementation of interpreting theory, ethics, mindfulness and the ...

(An interesting perspective on "good translation" by an Iranian scholar)
Throughout history, translation has made inter-linguistic communication between peoples possible. Theoretically, one can consider translation a science; practically, it seems rational to consider it an art. However, regardless of whether one considers translation as a science, art, or craft, one should bear in mind that a good translation should fulfill the same function in the TL as the original did in the SL.

This dissertation is an exploratory study of the process of assessment practices of simultaneous interpreting quality (SIQ) at the Higher Arab Institute of Translation (HAIT) from teachers’ and students’ perspectives. It delves into the perceptions, views and opinions of the teachers and students alike regarding the procedures of quality assessment of simultaneous interpreting along the process of training, i.e. from the Admission Test to graduation. It aims at generating hypotheses on quality assessment issues for further research in this field in order to improve the teaching of simultaneous interpreting in this Institute and elsewhere. This research looks into the scoring of the Admission Test, the Interpreter Aptitude Test and the formal Exams of Simultaneous Interpreting against the principles of educational assessment, namely validity, reliability, authenticity, practicality in addition to fairness, usefulness and meaningfulness. It is based on a post-positivist paradigm and a mixed-methods approach, and it is mainly qualitative as it does not just deal with the statistical data, i.e. the numbers, but with the subjective experience of the respondents. It relies on the methods of case study, grounded theory and a questionnaire-based survey. As far as the results are concerned, they have revealed, on the one hand, the lack of teachers’ awareness about how to construct and design valid, reliable and authentic educational tests and exams. On the other hand, the results revealed a mismatch between the perspectives of the teachers, who are professionals, and those of the students regarding the skills and criteria of assessment in almost all the tests and exams. Key words: Quality Assessment, Simultaneous Interpreting Quality Assessment, the Higher Arab Institute of Translation, Teachers’ Perspective, Students’ Perspective

Öffentliche Antrittsvorlesung für die Professur für Interkulturelle Germanistik am Fachbereich Angewandte Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, gehalten in Germersheim am 8. Dezember 1995 (Hörsaal D, Stufenhörsaal). Publiziert u.a. in: Jahrbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache 21 (1995), S. 37-60.

The use of Mock Conferences (MCs) to prepare student interpreters for future professional careers has been repeatedly mentioned by Interpreting Studies scholars, yet the systematic design of MCs and their teaching effects are under-researched. This article justifies the use of MCs as a situated approach in interpreting teaching and describes the principles and procedures of MC design before reporting on a case study of their teaching effects. Data were collected through web-based questionnaires from 15 second-year graduate trainees of interpreting. The trainees rated MCs as good, beneficial and stimulating experiences, and their ratings were positively correlated to frequencies of their interpreting at MCs. Findings indicate that skills concerning professionalism, psychological competence, strategic competence and many other non-linguistic dimensions may be better acquired at MCs than in traditional interpreting classes. Those areas of competences concur with the pedagogical advantages of MCs reported by trainees. The trainees suggested improving the authenticity and pedagogical progression, and videotaping their performances for reflection, with a view to better design of the MCs in which they had been involved. This study has significant implications for preparing trainee interpreters for their future professional life through the use of MCs.

This paper aims to investigate the field-level realities of the codes of conduct adhered to by different agencies in Belgium for community interpreters, and the degree of interpreter discretion in the application of these codes. We focus on the specific setting of the health care sector in Brussels, where community interpreters and intercultural mediators sent out by different agencies often operate in the same hospitals. Drawing on data obtained through participant observation, interviews with key actors in the field and desk research, we analyze how the codes of conduct applied by different agencies affect multilingual and intercultural communication in a hospital context, in particular at those levels of the communication process where misunderstandings occur most often.

This paper addresses the translation of cognate accusatives from Arabic into English by B.A senior students majoring in English language and its literature at the University of Jordan. The students translated (39) sentences containing the cognate accusative in a questionnaire prepared by the researchers for this purpose. The questionnaire included 3 different types of cognate accusatives: emphatic, type-identifying, and number identifying, as well as representatives of cognate accusatives and constructions that may be interpreted as having implicit cognate accusatives. Because of their semantic meaning and their complete absence in English, cognate accusatives were seen as redundant elements and thus were either non-existent in the students" translations or were translated as intensifier adverbs. The paper, further, sheds some light on the syntax and semantics of the cognate accusatives and tries to account for the students" different translations of these constructions. Moreover, the paper attempts to grasp some of the unconscious knowledge of native speakers through their preferences for translations of an Arabic structure that is totally absent in the target language (English).

This paper aims to examine translator's subjectivity from the perspective of eco-translatology. Translator's subjectivity emphasizes the subjective initiative of translators in the process of translation. However, the identity of translators is invisible in the viewpoints of traditional translation theories, which means that translation is studied with either writer or text as the center. Eco-translatology, a new translation theory brought forth by Hu Gengshen, assumes that translators should be placed at the central position during translation practice since translation is actually the cyclical alternation of adaptation and selection in the ecological environment of translation which involves elements such as author, source text, translator, target text, reader, and publisher. According to eco-translatology, translators, as the center of translation, are allowed to make selective adaptation and adaptive selection so as to keep the balance and harmony of the ecological environment. Selective adaptation means that translators are supposed to select the text of which they are capable for translation. Adaptive selection means that translators are allowed to make adaptations to the target text based on other factors in the ecological environment of translation. Translator's subjectivity, namely translator centeredness, is shown in the continuous process of adaptation and selection, and embodied in the three-dimensional transformations of language, culture and communication.

This study aimed to explore the types of pronunciation errors that student interpreters make in pronouncing foreign Proper Nouns during English-Arabic and Arabic-English Liaison Interpreting, the pronunciation error strategies that students utilize when they encounter unfamiliar Proper Nouns in media discourse, and the factors that affect students' incorrect pronunciation of foreign Proper Nouns. A corpus of foreign Proper Noun pronunciation errors was collected from interpreting tests and in-class practice. Error analysis showed that students have difficulty identifying and discriminating one or more phonemes in foreign Proper Nouns such as Rio di Janeiro,

Corpus linguistics has surely secured its position and status in the world of science nowadays. Its role in linguistic research, and consequently its implications for the linguistic theory and practice are practically indisputable today. Nevertheless, what started capturing researchers' attention in the last decades is the role that corpus linguistics has in the domain of translation studies and training. In fact, corpus linguistics has extended its influence so much that it is safe to claim that providing proper training to trainee translators and doing translation in general is inconceivable and inadmissible without taking full advantage of the benefits of corpora. The paper aims to take a closer look at the current research done on the role of corpus linguistics in the sphere of translation studies and translation training by examining closely some of the most recent and relevant studies which have dealt with this issue recently. More specifically, the aim of the paper is to offer an overview of the most salient findings and results obtained from these studies, and eventually to draw conclusions as to how future translators could apply these insights into their practical work in order to secure their competitiveness in the global labour market.

Deaf History has burgeoned in academia in recent decades, but interpreters who are loathe to insert themselves into the dialogue have no forum to discuss our rich heritage. While the contemporary role of sign language interpreter matured in the 18th and 19th centuries, our historical arc extends centuries further into the past.

Surprising case studies depicting compulsion, miscommunication, recusals, editorializing and conflict of interest reveal that truly little has changed in nearly 250 years. Participants will cheer and cringe for  their colleagues as judges at times coach or censure untrained interpreters who are doing the best they can with the tools at their disposal. We will also celebrate progress, as the record reflects other expectations of historical sign language interpreters which are gratefully no longer generally applied.

This article focuses on the dynamics of linguistic localization in the context of the speech community of football supporters. It presents a translation in Italian of Liverpool
football club’s hymn, You’ll never walk alone. The onceptual problems of translating a football hymn have been examined and three different levels of translation presented: a first literal version of the translation adherent to content and meaning; a second version reproducing the rhyme scheme; and a final version taking into consideration the language dynamics of the speech community of football supporters.

© Instituto Cervantes, 1997-2017. Reservados todos los derechos. cvc@cervantes.es AETER > Índice AETER Índice Coordinación de Josefa Gómez de Enterría Conferencias Valentín GARCÍA YEBRA. Traducción, academias y terminología M.ª Teresa CABRÉ. Recursos lingüísticos en la enseñanza de lenguas de especialidad Maria Vittoria CALVI. El léxico de la enseñanza de ELE con fines específicos Natividad GALLARDO. Comunicar el conocimiento especializado: perspectivas de la economía desde el punto de vista del traductor Josefa GÓMEZ DE ENTERRÍA. Nuevos términos para nuevos conceptos. Los discursos de la divulgación Comunicaciones M. Loreto FLORIÁN y Gema SANZ. Evolución de la terminología del marketing de ciudades Cristina V. GONZÁLEZ SÁNCHEZ. Las estructuras implícitas en un diccionario de especialidad M. Antònia JULIÀ I BERRUEZO y Montserrat SERRA FIGUERAS. El papel de los organismos normalizadores y difusores de terminología en la comunicación científica Isabelle OLIVEIRA. La metáfora: estrategia de aprendizaje y sistema de conocimiento Manuel SEVILLA MUÑOZ. Estrategias en la didáctica de traducción de términos en contexto

[Full text on the link to GoogleBooks]
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the order of presentation of four simultaneous interpretations on the quality evaluation and impression formation processes performed by 24 interpreter students at the University of Granada, Spain. They were divided into groups and exposed to four different serial orders of the sequence of simultaneous interpretations to test and compare their effects on the subjects' perception. After each interpretation, subjects were required to rate, on a seven-point scale, five aspects of the performances and to attribute traits to the interpreters. Different presentation orders of the interpretations resulted in different recipients' perception of the interpreting quality and of the interpreter, suggesting the appearance of some order effects which impacted both the evaluation and the impression formation processes.

#1 — ‘A third person uttering the words...’: 700-Year Roots of Legal Interpreting

Before the rise of Deaf education, Deaf-led communities, and standardized signed languages, who were the first proto-interpreters? Come meet the heroes whose work in gripping 18th- and 19th-century cases ultimately formed our best practices still followed today.

Surprising case studies depicting the witness oath, recusals, and managing miscommunication, reveal that little has changed in 250 years. Participants will cheer and cringe for their colleagues, as judges at times coach or censure untrained interpreters who are doing the best they can with the tools at their disposal. We will also celebrate progress, as the record reflects other expectations of historical sign language interpreters which are gratefully no longer generally applied.

#2 — Lives and Cases: Deaf Interpreters in 19th-Century Anglo-American and Irish Courts

Many early Hearing interpreters were drawn from schools for the Deaf. But they were not working alone—come meet the inspiring Deaf interpreters from 19th-century court cases, and admire their lives, and creative interpreting strategies under pressure.

The contemporary roots of Deaf interpreters reach back 50 years in the U.S., but evidence of Deaf intermediaries in Anglo-American and Irish courts extends much further. Beginning roughly 200 years ago, records from trial transcripts and newspaper accounts have revealed formative cases—this seminar will feature two with Deaf expert testimony, and two with working interpreters.

The paper centralizes the study in myth, which is at the root of all nations’ history and tradition. Myth is a fundamental aspect beneath it lays sources, mysteries, studies and so on. It is always been an interesting area for researchers to work upon the authenticity of each nation’s available or received myths over which numerous stories are based or carried forth via written or oral literature. The present study offers an individual perspective on the relationship between the three- myth, mythology and literature.

This paper proposes a panorama of poetry translations into French published in 1943 in a representative panel of periodicals (released in the occupied zone, the free zone, and in Northern Africa, whether legal and/or subversive) and of critical reviews published in their wake. We will also focus on "translatological" comments printed in several media, attesting to an intense reflection on the art of translating poetry in times of war.

Translating and Interpreting Political Discourse [TIPD 2019]

19-20 June, 2019



Hong Kong Baptist University



In this globalised and digitalised era, the translation and interpreting of political discourse has become an increasingly important area of research that presents a number of challenges. These include the sensitiveness of the subject matter involved, the interdisciplinary nature of the field, and the particular cognitive or pragmatic constraints that pertain in the political translation/interpreting process. Apart from its practical implications for political science and communication studies, research in this field helps us to further reflect on issues such as the voice of the translator or interpreter, translatorial intervention, and the ethical dimensions of political translation and interpreting.



This two-day conference, organised in association with Bandung: Journal of the Global South, serves as a platform for interdisciplinary exchange on the latest research in this area. The organisers welcome contributions addressing any aspect of the translation/interpreting of political discourse. Suggested themes include but are not restricted to:



•          The interface between translation/interpreting and political discourse: new trends and methods in research;

•          The roles of translators/interpreters in translating and interpreting political discourse;

•          Cognitive or pragmatic constraints in the translation/interpreting of political texts (such as policy speeches/statements, parliamentary debates, press conferences, media interviews with politicians or political talks/meetings on TV);

•          Corpus-based study of political and policy speeches and their translation/interpreting: new tools and paradigms;

•          Ethical issues in political translation and interpreting;

•          The use of Critical Discourse Analysis and other tools for translation/interpreting discourse analysis;

•          Frameworks    and    methods    of    corpora    construction    in    the    study    of translated/interpreted political texts;

•          Political censorship in the production and circulation of translated texts.



The conference will also feature two workshops related to the subthemes.



It is hoped that through this conference, participants can gain inspiration from scholars of different disciplines and build up platforms for future collaboration and discussion.



Keynote Speakers
·      Jeremy MUNDAY (University of Leeds)

·      Sandra HALVERSON (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences)

·      TAN Zaixi (Shenzhen University / Beijing Foreign Studies University / Hong  Kong Baptist University)



Language of the Conference
English




Key Dates
Deadline for (paper and poster) abstract submission: 15 January, 2019 (deadline extended)
Notification of acceptance/rejection: 15 February, 2019

Conference dates: 19-20 June, 2019

Submission of full paper for publication*: 20 July, 2019

* We plan to publish selected papers (after peer review) in a special issue of Bandung: Journal of the Global South and/or an edited volume by Brill.



Abstract Submission
We welcome abstracts for paper and poster presentations.



Submissions must include the following information*:

•            name of author(s)

•            affiliation

•            email address

•            abstract of 300 words

•            3-5 keywords

•            short bio within 100 words



Submission or enquiries should be made via tipd2019@hkbu.edu.hk.



Conference website: http://tran.hkbu.edu.hk/tipd2019



Conference Conveners
Dr. Jun Pan (Hong Kong Baptist University / Bandung: Journal of the Global South)

Dr. Pak-Nung Wong (University of Bath / Bandung: Journal of the Global South)

The aim of this contribution is to reflect on a complex translation theory as a theory of possibility (Görnitz and Görnitz 2008). The starting point is Edgar Morin’s concept of homo complexus (1999), which by analogy suggests the idea of homo interpres complexus. The communication process as a series of interacts (speech acts) is characterized by uncertainty. Furthermore, the homo interpres complexus is a self-organizing living machine that shares the content of its thoughts (relevant properties) through such interacts with a specific intention. We will attempt to show that, in contrast to monolingual communication, trans-semiotic communication is a dual process of distancing and approaching and functional and cultural adjusting. A translation theory should include uncertainty and unpredictability as relevant principles, thus resembling a theory of possibility (Görnitz and Görnitz 2008). Based on this theoretical model, I present a complex methodology and its first application to students in the MA in Interpreting programme at Heidelberg in 2012.

Abstract. In the globalised society that we live in, given the technological development that we have to catch up with, interpreting becomes more visible and more relevant as it is perceived as a means of connecting languages, people and cultures and, more recently, as a means of uncovering the psycho-cognitive subtleties of the mind of the person performing the act of interpreting. The present article is meant to be a study with didactic implications. Students in the Department of Translation, Interpretation and Applied Linguistics (TILA) at Moldova State University have classes of Consecutive Interpreting (CI) in the second and third academic year. In this study, we will focus, particularly, on this mode of transferring information from the source-language (English) into the target-language (Romanian) and will take a closer look at the most appropriate methods used to determine if and to what extent students’ behavior and reactions to various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that they experience while performing interpreting activities affect the product of interpreting.
Keywords: consecutive interpreting, interpreting competences, cognitive approach, academic environment, training.

Se puede decir que la mayoría de los seres humanos goza de un cierto grado de bilingüismo, y que muchos pueden traducir de forma natural muestras sencillas de lenguaje. Desde una perspectiva cognitiva, traducir parece una extensión de las habilidades lingüísticas y comunicativas monolingües. La capacidad de contemplar a un tiempo varias perspectivas y la de parafrasear parecen las características básicas que permiten traducir a las personas, y se sustentan en capacidades humanas posiblemente innatas, como la abstracción y la comparación. Espoleados por la alfabetización, los bilingües desarrollan su conciencia metalingüística más allá de los niveles habituales, y de una manera tal que tiene un impacto en su desarrollo cognitivo. Esto, a su vez, mejora su rendimiento y resultados en tareas tales como la mediación lingüística y otras formas de paratraducción. Por otra parte, devenir experto en interpretación o traducción tiende a exigir nuevas adaptaciones cognitivas para realizar con éxito las tareas profesionales que los traductores naturales no suelen haber desarrollado. Esta perspectiva puede arrojar luz sobre algunas posibilidades para mejorar la capacitación formal de traductores e intérpretes.

Artículo original de Ricardo Muñoz Martín.

Interpreters are not the primary focus of Deaf Studies or Deaf History; these perspectives naturally examine topics from a Deaf center. With notable exceptions such as Jackson’s popular Deaf noir series which covers legal settings, most analyses tend to favor educational, social, and religious contexts of the last two hundred years. Interpreters trained to be impartial are reluctant to intrude upon this Deaf-led research with their own narratives. Within the interpreting field, most histories do not demonstrate a complete foundation of the legal interpreter role prior to the 20th century. While Deaf, and Interpreter Histories are not the same, they do share a common heritage, and the following will highlight a few intersections connecting those pedigrees. This article is based on the author’s thesis, Interpreted Communication with Deaf Parties under Anglo–American Common Law to 1880, and two presentations at Sandwell Deaf Community Association in April 2015.