Onomasiology

This paper focusses on the concept of ‘grammatical metaphor’ as it is conceived of in the framework of systemic functional linguistics. After an illustration of major subtypes of grammatical metaphor, the concept is explained in relation to lexical metaphor, using onomasiological and semasiological perspectives as two complementary viewpoints on metaphorical meaning in general.

The onomasiological approach is a theoretical framework that emphasizes the cognitive-semantic component of language and the primacy of extralinguistic reality in the process of naming. With a tangible background in the functional perspective of the Prague School of Linguistics, this approach believes that name giving is essentially governed by the needs of language users, and hence assigns a subordinate role to the traditional levels of linguistic description. This stance characterizes the onomasiological framework in opposition to other theories of language, for example, structuralism or generativism, which first tackle the form of linguistic material and then move on to meaning. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have witnessed the emergence of several cognitive-onomasiological models, all of which share an extensive use of semantic categories as working units and a particular interest in the area of word formation. Despite a number of divergences, such proposals all confront mainstream morphological research by heavily revising conventional concepts and introducing model-specific terminology regarding, for instance, the independent character of the lexicon, the (non-)regularity of word-formation processes or their understanding of morphological productivity. The result is a small set of models that have earned a pivotal position as an alternative to dominant theories of word formation.

The paper deals with the etymology and dialectology of Turkic armut, Persian armud 'pear'. The interrelations of these phytonymical families were treated a few years ago by Prof. Uwe Bläsing who considered the Turkic words borrowed from a Middle Iranian language (viz. Pahlavi, because of some isolated attestation in this language), but also the Ira-nian words probably borrowed from a third (unknown) language of the Irano-Caucasian area. On the basis of an extensive areal study (with original materials from the archive of the Balochi Etymological Dictionary Project, L'Orientale University, Naples) the author argues for a back dating of the Iranian attestations, and the preservation in many modern Iranian dialects of a lexical type believed to be isolated in Middle Persian.

RÉSUMÉ Cet article fait partie d'un projet de recherche onomasiologique plus vaste, relatif aux termes désignant les parties du corps dans les langues iraniennes. L'auteure se con-centre ici sur les termes iraniens utilisés pour désigner les « gencives » ‒ aussi bien d'un point de vue notionnel que dialectologique. L'objectif est d'identifier les diffé-rents modèles cognitifs servant à désigner, dans les langues iraniennes, cette partie du corps, et d'établir l'aire de diffusion de mots simples ou d'ensembles de mots ap-parentés. L'auteure, d'une part, met ici en évidence de forts liens conceptuels entre les « gencives » et d'autres parties de l'intérieur de la bouche, et, d'autre part, suggère des modèles concurrents en termes de conceptualisation des éléments constituant ce cadre. Plusieurs étymologies iraniennes inédites sont également avancées. Mots-clés : lexique iranien, onomasiologie iranienne, termes des parties du corps iraniens, dialectologie iranienne, étymologies iraniennes ABSTRACT This paper, which is part of a broader onomasiological research project on the body part terms in Iranian, focuses on the Iranian terms for 'gums of the teeth' from both a motivational and a dialectological perspective. The goal is to individuate the different cognitive patterns of denomination for this body part in the Iranian languages and to establish the areal diffusion of single words or set of cognate words. The strong conceptual links between 'gums' and other parts belonging to the 'interior of the mouth' frame have been pointed out and competing models in conceptualising the elements making up that frame have also been suggested. Several new Iranian etymologies have been proposed.

The studies reported in this special issue exemplify two approaches to semantic typology and to the study of word meaning more generally. One is an extensional approach, which relates verbs of cutting and breaking to the scenes which they are used to describe. The other focuses on the argument structure of the verbs, the relevant data being the verbs' participation in argument structure alternations. It is encouraging that these very di¤erent approaches partition the verbs of material separation in roughly compatible ways. This roundup to the special issue also addresses the interpretation of the naming data, with respect to the notions of prototype and basic level. Attention is drawn to the fact that in general the cut and break verbs seem not to display much taxonomic depth, a finding which is in stark contrast to the often elaborate taxonomies exhibited by nominal concepts.

There has been an increasing interest in ontologies over the last years by the computer science. This
interest can be attributed to the advent of what has been known as Semantic Web. Consequently, a
persistent interest in Onomasiological Lexicography has arisen and several authors have written about
the relation between thesaurus and ontologies, determined to build bridges between the two. The aim of
this paper is to light up the discussion between the similarities and differences between onomasiological
dictionaries and ontologies. It presents some definitions for concepts such as onomasiology,
onomasiological dictionaries, ontologies, formal ontologies, linguistic ontologies. It also intends to
demonstrate that the differences pointed out by some authors to distinguish onomasiological dictionaries
from ontologies are not quite evident.

Morphological productivity was originally described as the property of word-formation processes whereby new words are created to satisfy a naming need, a definition later enhanced with Corbin’s classical distinction between availability and profitability. Despite the importance of these two concepts, they have been traditionally overlooked in the design and discussion of productivity computations. Moreover, no thorough exploration has been made of the implications they have in existing models of productivity measurement. This
paper examines the treatment given to this notional pair in the mainstream productivity methods by, first, examining their theoretical background and, second, discussing their practical implications in their application to a BNC-derived corpus. Subsequently, a number of suggestions are provided, and an alternative unifying method is proposed which is able to provide insights into both availability and profitability in the
computations of morphological productivity of word-formation processes.

Studies of word-formation have pointed towards a multifaceted nature of morphological productivity (Bauer 2001, Plag 2006). With this in mind, this article explores Štekauer’s (1998, 2001) approach to word-formation based on three pivotal oppositions: availability vs. profitability, paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic relations, and a quantitative vs. qualitative view of language. Once word creation is depicted from an onomasiological perspective, we turn to the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes of productivity and illustrate the phenomenon with examples from the semantic category INSTRUMENT. This also serves to portray the naming act and productivity measurement as understood in the onomasiological approach.

En la morfología lingüística hay varios fenómenos aún no estudiados con profundidad; uno de estos, que no figura como tema relevante en las monografías sobre formación de palabras, es el de los esquemas rivales o en competencia. Esta rivalidad permite que exista más de una estructura válida para crear una nueva palabra, o bien, que dos palabras derivadas con significados semejantes coexistan, a veces, incluso, compartiendo la misma distribución. Este tipo de esquemas compiten en la creación o interpretación de nuevas palabras y, por lo regular, prevalecen los más productivos, es decir, los que generan más palabras y que están disponibles con mayor fuerza en el léxico de los hablantes. Muchas de las rivalidades entre esquemas se deben a su pertenencia a un mismo campo conceptual. En español, esta característica es más evidente en la sufijación, que es el proceso de formación de palabras más rendidor. Existe un gran repertorio de afijos que establecen rivalidades debidas a las coincidencias de significado y función dentro del sistema. En este libro se estudia este fenómeno y se dan pautas para su descripción.

Il contributo esamina la storia linguistica più antica del merid. scalfare con lo scopo di discuterne la probabile trafila etimologica (prestito d’origine galloromanza o voce patrimoniale?) non solo alla luce di aspetti formali ma anche alla luce della distribuzione delle testimonianze nei testi dei secc. XIII-XV. Se ne valuta la semantica e la condizione di concorrenza e convivenza con altre voci semanticamente affini
(con particolare riguardo a scaldare, voce patrimoniale scarsamente attestata nei più antichi testi meridionali); si indagano inoltre le possibili relazioni con riferimenti testuali occitanici. Si punta a sondare la percezione linguistica che accompagna l’uso di scalfare nelle antiche attestazioni pervenute. L’indagine combina la prospettiva
diatestuale con la prospettiva storico-linguistica e geo-linguistica.

The paper examines the most ancient linguistic history of the merid. scalfare with the aim of discussing the probable etymological tradition (is it a Gallo-Romance loanword or a patrimonial linguistic item?) not only in the light of formal aspects but also in the light of the distribution of the ancient evidences in the texts of the XIII-XV centuries. It evaluates the semantics of the word and the condition of competition and coexistence with other semantically similar items (with particular
regard to scaldare, a patrimonial item rarely attested in the most ancient southern texts); the paper investigates also the possible relationships of the ancient Italian occurrences with Occitan textual models. It aims to probe the linguistic perception that accompanies the use of scalfare in the ancient documentation received. The investigation combines the diatestual perspective with the historical-linguistic and geo-linguistic perspective.

En la morfología léxica es muy común encontrar esquemas de formación de palabras que rivalizan entre sí porque pertenecen a un mismo campo conceptual. Esta característica es más evidente en la sufijación, que es el proceso de formación de palabras más productivo en español. La derivación proporciona a los hablantes un gran repertorio de afijos que en muchos casos establecen rivalidades debidas a las coincidencias de significado y función dentro del sistema. Pongamos por caso la competencia que se da entre los sufijos deverbales -ción y -miento: agrupación y agrupamiento; financiación y financiamiento; aburrición y aburrimiento; detención y de- tenimiento; etc. Esta situación se complica si consideramos que existen otros sufijos rivales en el sistema: -dura (torcedura, torcimiento); -aje (almacenamiento, almacenaje). Dichos esquemas rivales compiten en la creación de nuevas palabras y comúnmente se afirma que la competencia se resuelve a favor del esquema más productivo. Sin embargo, puesto que la productividad es relativa y depende de múltiples factores, en la com- petencia entre esquemas rivales no siempre prevalece el mismo esquema formativo. En esta investigación se pretende describir el fenómeno, señalar el origen de algunas de estas rivalidades y proponer parámetros y factores relevantes para definir y caracterizar este proceso. Se argumentará que la mayoría de estas rivalidades dependen tanto de factores estructurales como de factores de uso lingüístico que interactúan de diferentes maneras y en distintos grados.

This paper focusses on the concept of ‘grammatical metaphor’ as it is conceived of in the framework of systemic functional linguistics. After an illustration of major sub-types of grammatical metaphor, the concept is explained in relation to lexical metaphor, using onomasiological and semasiological perspectives as two complementary viewpoints on metaphorical meaning in general.

Dopo una breve panoramica sugli studi relativi al bestiario della Commedia, si prendono in considerazione due dei più celebri esseri infernali – Cerbero e Lucifero – accomunati dal fatto di essere entrambi
identificati dall'epiteto vermo. Grazie all'analisi delle possibili fonti, ma soprattutto a indagini di tipo storico-linguistico e onomasiologico, si cerca di far luce sulla eccezionale polisemia che contraddistingue
questo termine, fornendo così un’interpretazione, basata su dati rigorosi e il più possibile oggettivi, sul motivo che potrebbe aver spinto Dante a
impiegarlo unicamente per questi due esseri.

Resumen En esta contribución se investiga sobre el diccionario onomasiológico. Para ello se ofrece una panorámica sobre los tipos de diccionarios onomasiológicos en espa-ñol, sus influencias, sus características más relevantes, así como su delimitación con otras obras que presentan este tipo de ordenación, como diccionarios de imágenes o diccionarios temáticos. El Diccionario ideológico de la lengua española de Casares de 1989, como modelo más representativo, sirve como objeto para realizar un análisis específico de este tipo de obras. El objetivo fundamental es mostrar una visión de la lexicografía onomasiológica en español, la cual es muy desconocida entre el usuario común. Palabras clave: lexicografía, diccionario onomasiológico, diccionario conceptual , Casares, información paradigmática. Abstract An onomasiological dictionary is analyzed in this contribution. For this purpose, it offers an overview of the types of onomasiological dictionaries in Spanish, their influence, their most important characteristics, as well as their differences with other onomasiological lexicographical works, such as visual or thematic dictionaries. The Casares' dictionary, being the most representative model, serves as an example for * El presente artículo se ha llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto COMBIDIGILEX ("La combinatoria en paradigmas léxico-semánticos en contraste. Estudio empírico y digitali-zación para el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en contexto germano-iberorrománico"). El proyecto ha contado con la siguiente financiación entre los años 2016-2019: FEDER-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidad-Agencia estatal de Investigación FFI2015-64476-P / COMBIDIGILEX.

Cet article est une définition de mon cadre théorique en particulier par rapport au cadre théorique de Culioli. Un certain nombre de principes y sont défendus, qui mènent à une formalisation dynamique de l'interprétation des constructions syntaxiques : le principe opérationaliste, qui considère tout ordonnancement syntaxique ou toute élément grammatical comme la trace d'une opération, dont les effets dépendent de la valeur de paramètres bien précis ; l'opposition type (prototype) / singularité (référence), le concept de situation ; et des principes d'économie du système des représentations, comme l'opposition calcul / cablage et les concepts de polarisation et de propagation. Date de rédaction : septembre 1991 Caractéristiques de la publication originale Statut : article en colloque national Lieu de publication : in La théorie d'Antoine Culioli, Ouvertures et incidences, Ophrys, Paris Pages : 163-183 (21 pages) Date de publication : 1992 Caractéristiques de la reproduction Les schémas ont été complètement refaits, le plus fidèlement possible à l'original G. Bernard : Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2000 348

Within the heterogeneous family of word formation, Noun+Noun (NN) compounds have attracted a good deal of attention, in particular when it comes to their meaning, and their reading and interpretation has sparked considerable debate. In spite of the many efforts directed at the topic, an accurate reconstruction of the semantic bond between N1 and N2 remains unresolved today (see Grzega 2009; Olsen 2012; Smith et al. 2014).
In the onomasiological theory of word formation (Štekauer 2001, 2005b, this volume), a morphological process is classified into one of five possible onomasiological types (OTs) depending on the presence or absence of linguistic elements in the structure of a unit. Primary NN compounds fall under OT3, which is characterized by the absence of a linguistically marked actional element and is regarded as a rather ambiguous OT from the point of view of the listener.
Parallel Architecture (PA; see Jackendoff 2009, 2010, this volume), however, is logically non-directional in that it is not specifically aimed at perception or production and describes “the logic of processing in terms isomorphic to the rule types in the parallel grammar” (Jackendoff 2002: 199). In this system, the multiple simultaneous interpretations of NN compounds are explained by a so-called promiscuous conception of compound semantics.
Despite a number of notional discrepancies, both frameworks share a heavy emphasis on a cognitive-semantic description of compound relations and an effort to formally account for the lack of an explicit action in these constructions. In this chapter, I focus on a selection of subordinate non-lexicalized NN compounds carrying the semantic roles Agent and Instrument with the aim of spotting similarities and differences between Štekauer's and Jackendoff's views. The chapter is structured as follows: section 8.1 is a synopsis of past approaches to the semantics of NN compounds, while section 8.2 tries to capture the essence of the onomasiological model and the PA separately. Section 8.3 delves into a comparison of the two aforementioned models, and some considerations and conclusions are included under 8.4.

The present article deals with the development of basic linguistic terminology in Icelandic. Such terminology pertains to five categories (general, graphematics, phonology, morphology and lexicon) and has been collected from 19 different sources from the Middle Ages to 1920. After a short introduction (1), the corpus is outlined (2). Subsequently (3), each of the aforementioned categories will be analysed in separate paragraphs. In the last section (4), an evaluation of the development of the Icelandic linguistic terminology is given.

O termo 'ontologia' é frequentemente usado no âmbito da Ciência da Computação para referir-se a
uma "especificação [...] de uma conceptualização" (Gruber, 1993: 2). Mas será de conceitos que a ontologia
trata? Smith, por exemplo, que tem vindo a desenvolver o seu trabalho sobre ontologias no âmbito da
biomedicina argumenta que as ontologias, pelo menos as ontologias científicas de domínio específico e
científico, não tratam de conceitos mas de universais (Smith, s.d. b.)
Este artigo tem por objectivo analisar os termos usados por diferentes autores, que têm vindo a
contribuir para o estudo das ontologias, de forma a encontrar um denominador comum.

Kritische Analyse verschiedener deutscher Grammatiken: Aufbau,  Vollständigkeit und Zugänglichkeit der in ihnen enthaltenen Informationen und Brauchbarkeit fur den Spracherwerber. Am Beispiel der Funktion "Konzessivität ausdrücken" verdeutlichen die Autoren, wie eine onomasiologisch aufgebeute Grammatik aussehen musste.

Electronic publication offers new possibilities for the creation and exploration of grammatical descriptions. This paper lists values influencing the structure of electronic grammatical descriptions. It then investigates challenges and solutions for a grammar authoring software trying to adhere to these values in the domains of data quality, creation of the description, and exploration of the description. The paper closes by discussing possibilities for the standardization of grammatical descriptions on a macroscopic level, complementing the standardization efforts on a more fine-grained level like GOLD or CRG.

As an avid user and reader of dictionaries and thesauruses, Huellen has obviously considered not just what a dictionary or a thesaurus purports to do, but why and how these texts have semiotic value. What is the purpose of studying the history of lexicography? Older knowledge- and logic-based dictionaries or thesauruses  provide  evidence  (the  dictionary  as  text  and  the  text  as  semiotic object)  for  current  work  in  cognitive  theory  and  database  construction  just because  those  linguistic  artifacts  are  products  and  consequences  of  what  we call cognition and linguistic competence. This posthumous collection Werner Huellen is not the final  word,  but  an  invitation  to  continue  an  illuminating  and  suggestive  research agenda. The cognitive approach Huellen employs is a synthesis of a significant cross
representation of work in cognitive theory and generative semantics. The work of  Pustejovsky  (1996)  receives  particular  mention  (however,  other  significant works  of  cognitive  and  linguistic  semantics  of  recent  vintage  are  duly  considered,  noted  and  cited).  There  is  not  space  in  this  review  to  do  justice  to the  intricacies  of  Huellen’s  hypothesis  and  argumentation;  suffice  it  to  say that  the  chapter,  along  with  its  companions,  offers  a  suggestive  and thought-provoking discussion on the interplay of linguistic theory, the history of  lexical  and  semantic  theories  and  lexicographic  practice.

In this paper, we explore the relationship between the experiential salience of natural concepts (i.e. the degree to which the concepts are well-known to language users, because they occur frequently in the everyday environment of the speakers) and the structure of the lexicon. More specifically, we focus on whether the amount of lexical dialect variation found in names for naturally occurring plants in ecologically consistent geographical regions in the northern part of Belgium, is influenced by the frequency of these plants in these regions. In contrast with previous research in linguistics, which has mostly focused on the relationship between the (textual) frequency of constructions in language use and language variation and change, we confront non-linguistic referential data with linguistic dialect data. In practice, we use the distribution of naturally occurring plants in the language area, as described in the standard reference work on plant distribution in the northern part of Belgium (Van Landuyt et al. 2006), to determine whether more frequent plants show less variation. The linguistic data come from the digitized databases of the Dictionaries of the Brabantic, Limburgish and Flemish dialects (WBD, WLD, WVD). We consider several measures that quantify the amount of lexical variation per plant. First, we take into account the number of unique lexemes per plant per (ecologically consistent) region. Second, we use the type-token ratio per plant per region, with the number of types equal to the number of unique lexemes per plant and the number of tokens calculated as the total number of records per plant. Third, we use a measure of internal uniformity per plant per region, which quantifies the degree of lexical standardization in the names for each plant. The results for the three measures per plant per region diverge. Overall, they show that, although plant frequency alone does not cause complete lexical standardization in a particular region, more frequent plants do show a smaller amount of lexical variation.

The article deals with Russian mining terms, providing data on onomasiological relations in the sphere of compound mining technical artifacts nominations (MTAN). The emphasis is made on attributive-and-substantive MTAN ranked as “Machines”. Their onomasiological characteristics have been defined and exemplified.
Key words: onomasiological relations, compound mining artifacts nominations, attributive-and-substantive nominations, onomasiological characteristics.

Questo articolo esamina etimologicamente un numero significativo di parole delle lingue indoeuropee che entrano nel campo semantico di "misericordia". Tra esse c'è in qualche modo un rapporto sinonimico. L'intenzione di raggiungere l'etimologia ultima di ogniuna di esse risponde alla domanda se è possibile ipotizzare un termine ricostruito indoeuropeo che significhi "misericordia" e dia un'idea di come è stata concettualizzata.  I percorsi etimologici rivelano che più indietro si torna più si ha a che vedere con la semantica del corporeo e sensibile. Tale fenomeno, seppur molto di rado, viene qui messo in esame nella prospettiva degli studi metaforici e metonimici della linguistica cognitiva recente.
La prima parte è costituita da una raccolta lessicale secondo aree linguistiche. Il destilato ultimo è le diverse radici indoeuropee ivi emerse. La seconda parte è un'elaborazione semantica di ciò che viene messo in evidenza dallo studio delle etimologie. La validità delle nozioni di "misericordia" che l'etimologia rivela sottostanti ai termini e alla loro concettualizzazione, viene supportata dall'uso metaforico simile che la letteratura o la fraseologia popolare mostra quando vuole parlare di "misericordia".

A most notable feature of Standard Modern Greek (SMG) lexicon is the abundance of pairs of lexemes of similar meaning which belong to different registers. Thus, while one lexeme pertains to the colloquial language and is widely used both in oral and written speech, a semantically akin or even synonymous word of Ancient (i.e., Classical) Greek (AG) origin is also attested in specific contexts. The latter ones are usually described as part of the “archaic” or “learned” component of the Modern Greek (MG) lexicon. In the light of three case studies, our paper aims at investigating this variation by conducting research through diachronic corpora. We intend to disperse certain misconceptions concerning lexical change (which is erroneously interpreted as a straightforward replacement of an “older” word with a new one) and to introduce the concepts of adstratal and superstratal lexicon as well as the theory of prototypicality and exaptation in the relevant research. Along with dealing with the diachrony of the Greek lexicon, our account sketches a first theoretical framework for investigating the lexicon of languages with a long-recorded history and diglossic contradictions. Accordingly, it emphasizes the vital role of corpora research in diachronic semantics and onomasiology.

Nel maggio 2019 l'OVI e la Real Academia Española hanno firmato un accordo di collaborazione per connettere il Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (TLIO) con il Nuevo diccionario histórico del español (NDHE), in particolare per connettere gli ispanismi del TLIO con le voci corrispondenti del NDHE e per elaborare un sistema di classificazione del lessico basato una una tassonomia concettuale condivisa. Un primo passo per la realizzazione degli obiettivi è il progetto DHistOntology, sviluppato da Itziar Molina Sangüesa, docente all'Università di Salamanca e collaboratrice del NDHE, durante il suo soggiorno all'OVI (marzo-maggio 2020), con la collaborazione di un gruppo di ricercatori dell'OVI. Il presente testo rende conto dell'esperienza di collaborazione e dello sviluppo del progetto (incentrato sulla rappresentazione lessicale dell'universo concettuale della "Malattia" nei due lessici storici) in una fase storica fatalmente dominata da un'attenzione peculiare per il lessico contemporaneo della malattia.

The American physicist David Bohm famously described the need for awareness of thought activity. The conservation of quality ontological architecture (COQOA) is a blueprint for computationally meeting this need. The COQOA is the logical description of: (a) a tri-dimensional space; (b) an unbounded, triptychal, helical, fractal (THF) situated in this space; and (c) the triptychal fractal invariant (TFI) of the THF. The THF is how the entirety of all past, present, and future human thought appears when considered in the tri-dimensional space. The TFI is the relationship between three indecomposable contiguities comprising all equilibria. They are the totally ordered respective dimensions of the tri-dimensional space. These three have been variously named: (a) rajas, sattva, and tamas; (b) yang, s-line, and yin; and (c) pingala, sushumna, and ida. The COQOA exploits the Fuxi xiantian taiji tu and the caduceus as logical schematics of the TFI composition and structure. Using modified universal modeling language, COQOA adds an abduction foundation ontology to the Cyc Knowledge Base’s suggested upper merged ontology. The result is a design for computationally identifying and reasoning about two distinct ways human thoughts materialize in space-time contiguously.

Este trabalho visa apresentar uma proposta teórico-metodológica de aplicação dos conceitos de onomasiologia e semasiologia para os estudos de neologia. Entendemos que a criação de um neologismo pode ser encarada como um processo onomasiológico (do conceito à denominação) e a interpretação de um neologismo, como um processo semasiológico (da denominação ao conceito). Em outros termos, o criador de um neologismo parte do conceito que tem em mente para encontrar a melhor forma de expressá-lo linguisticamente (onomasiologia); já o decodificador de um neologismo parte de uma expressão neológica para identificar o(s) significado(s) pretendido(s) por ela (semasiologia). Ao analisar o neologismo sob uma ou outra perspectivas, diferentes questões podem ser propostas: a) onomasiologicamente: quais são os recursos linguísticos à disposição do falante para criar um neologismo com o significado pretendido; quais recursos são mais adequados às intenções comunicativas específicas do criador do neo...

To empower end users in searching for historical linguistic content with a performance that far exceeds the research functions offered by websites of, e.g., historical dictionaries, is undoubtedly a major advantage of (Linguistic) Linked Open Data ([L]LOD). An important aim of lexicography is to enable a language-independent, onomasiological approach, and the modelling of linguistic resources following the LOD paradigm facilitates the semantic mapping to ontologies making this approach possible. Hallig-Wartburg's Begriffssystem (HW) is a well-known extra-linguistic conceptual system used as an onomasiological framework by many historical lexicographical and lexicological works. Published in 1952, HW has meanwhile been digitised. With proprietary XML data as the starting point, our goal is the transformation of HW into Linked Open Data in order to facilitate its use by linguistic resources modelled as LOD. In this paper, we describe the particularities of the HW conceptual model and the method of converting HW: We discuss two approaches, (i) the representation of HW in RDF using SKOS, the SKOS thesaurus extension, and XKOS, and (ii) the creation of a lightweight ontology expressed in OWL, based on the RDF/SKOS model. The outcome is illustrated with use cases of medieval Gascon, and Italian.

Este trabalho visa apresentar uma proposta teórico-metodológica de aplicação dos conceitos de onomasiologia e semasiologia para os estudos de neologia. Entendemos que a criação de um neologismo pode ser encarada como um processo onomasiológico (do conceito à denominação) e a interpretação de um neologismo, como um processo semasiológico (da denominação ao conceito). Em outros termos, o criador de um neologismo parte do conceito que tem em mente para encontrar a melhor forma de expressá-lo linguisticamente (onomasiologia); já o decodificador de um neologismo parte de uma expressão neológica para identificar o(s) significado(s) pretendido(s) por ela (semasiologia). Ao analisar o neologismo sob uma ou outra perspectivas, diferentes questões podem ser propostas: a) onomasiologicamente: quais são os recursos linguísticos à disposição do falante para criar um neologismo com o significado pretendido; quais recursos são mais adequados às intenções comunicativas específicas do criador do neologismo; que fatores fonológicos, sintáticos, semânticos, entre outros, influenciam a escolha do mecanismo de criação lexical; e b) semasiologicamente: quais são os significados possíveis de determinado neologismo; de quais mecanismos o ouvinte pode lançar mão para interpretar adequadamente o neologismo; etc. Exemplificamos nossa argumentação com a análise de neologismos integrantes da Base de neologismos do português brasileiro contemporâneo e do corpus composto por textos de blogues jornalísticos diversos que integram a dissertação de Ganança (2017).

In the 15. STaPs (Sprachwissenschaftliche Tagung für Promotionsstudierende) at University of Fribourg (27-28 September 2019), I will present my doctoral project "Semantic mapping of Lessico Etimologico Italiano (LEI)". The abstract of my presentation is on page 12 of the Book of Abstracts.