1. Illustrate a normal random variable and its properties; 2. Construct a normal curve; and 3. Identify regions under the normal curve corresponding to different standard normal variables. The graph of normal distribution is a bell- shaped curve called normal curve. It lies entirely above the horizontal axis. It is symmetrical, unimodal, and asymptotic to the horizontal axis. The area between the curve and the horizontal axis is exactly equal to 1. Half of the area is above the mean and the remaining half is below the mean. A normal distribution is determined by two parameters: the mean 𝜇 and standard deviation 𝜎. 𝝁 = 𝟒𝟎 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟐
4 16 28 40 52 64 76 𝝁 = 𝟕𝟓 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟎
45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Two curves are sketched above the horizontal axis and these normal curves have the same standard deviations but different means. Two curves are sketched above the horizontal axis and these normal curves have the same means but different standard deviations . Two curves are sketched above the horizontal axis and these normal curves have different means and different standard deviations . Exercises
1. Sketch a normal curve that has a mean of
15 and a standard deviation of 4. On the same x-axis, sketch a normal curve that has a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 4. Describe the two normal curves. Exercises
2. Sketch a normal curve that has a mean of
40 and a standard deviation of 6. On the same x-axis, sketch a normal curve that has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 6. Describe the two normal curves. Example 1
Find the area between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1.54
Solution
Step 1: Sketch the normal curve.
0 1.54 Solution
Step 2: Locate the area for 𝑧 = 1.54 from the
Areas under the Standard Normal Curve Table. Proceed down the column marked 𝑧 until you reach 1.5 . Then proceed to the right along this row until you reach the column marked 4. the intersection of the row and the column is the area. Conclusion:
Therefore, the area between 𝑧 = 0 and
𝑧 = 1.54 is 0.4382. Example 2
Find the area between 𝑧 = 1.52 and 𝑧 = 2.5
Solution
Step 1: Sketch the normal curve.
𝑨𝟐
𝑨𝟏 𝑨
0 1.52 2.5 Solution Step 2: Let 𝐴=area between 𝑧 = 1.52 and 𝑧 = 2.5. 𝐴1 =area bet. 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 1.52 𝐴2 =area bet. 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 2.5
From the table,
𝐴1 = 0.4357 𝐴2 = 0.4938 𝐴 = 𝐴2 − 𝐴1 → 0.4938 − 0.4357 = 0.0581 Hence, the area bet 𝑧 = 1.52 and 𝑧 = 2.5 is 0.0581 Exercises
1. Find the area to the right of 𝑧 = 1.56
2. Find the area between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = −1.65 3. Find the area between 𝑧 = −1.5 and 𝑧 = −2.5 4. Find the area between 𝑧 = −1.35 and 𝑧 = 2.95 5. Find the area to the left of 𝑧 = 2.32 6. Find the area to the right of 𝑧 = −1.8 7. Find the area to the left of 𝑧 = −1.52 Exercises
8. What percent of the area under the normal
curve is between 𝑧 = 0.85 and 𝑧 = 2.5? 9. What percent of the area under the normal curve is between 𝑧 = 1.03 and 𝑧 = 2.83? 10.What percent of the area under the normal curve is between 𝑧 = −1.10 and 𝑧 = −2.43? Mercado, J. P. (2016). Next Century Mathematics Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
