MODULE NAME :STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO SQC

CLASS :BMET II
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Introduction

In our day-to-day life, we use different

products and services. All of us wish
that these products and services should
fulfil certain specifications when we use
them. If the product/service fulfils the
specifications needed for its proper use,
we say that it is of good quality. If it
does not fulfil the specifications, it is
said to be of poor quality
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Defining Quality

In manufacturing and services sector, the Dimension of quality

following aspects have to be incorporated  Performance (Will the product do the intended
in the definition of quality: job?)
 conforming to specifications,  Reliability (How often does the product fail?)
 fitness for use,  Durability (How long does the product last?)
 customer satisfaction,  Serviceability(How easy is it to repair the
 delighting the customer, and product?)
 enchanting the customers.
 Aesthetics (What does the product look like
Having explained the concept of quality
 Features (What does the product do?)
in industry, and defined it we now
 Perceived Quality (What is the reputation of the
describe various dimensions of quality.
company or its product?)
 Conformance to Standards (Is the product made
exactly as the designer intended?)
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The three aspects of quality

Quality of design deals with the stringent conditions that a

product or service must minimally possess to satisfy the
requirements of the customer.
Quality of conformance implies that a
manufactured product or a service rendered must
meet the standards selected in the design phase.

 Quality of performance is concerned with

how well a product functions or service
performs when put to use. It measures the
degree to which the product or service
satisfies the customer
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Quality Control
The process/procedure/method that is applied to meet the specifications or standard is known as
control. Process control works on feedback and comprises the following steps:
1. Choose the parameter to control
2. Choose the unit of measurement
3. Set the standard or goal for the parameter to control
4. Select a sensing device, which can measure the parameter to control in terms of the unit of
measure
5. Measure the actual performance
6. Compare the actual performance with the standard..
7. Take necessary action when there is a difference between actual performance and the standard.
quality control can be defined as: “The process by which we measure the quality characteristics of
the product, compare them with the specifications or standard and take suitable actions whenever
there is a difference between actual quality and the specifications or standard”.

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Statistical Quality Control (SQC)
In the face of ever-growing market competition, the main objective of the manufacturer or
producer is to achieve quality assurance in manufacturing and service organizations so that their
product or service can meet the existing competition in the market. In order to achieve this
objective, different statistical tools have been developed, which are useful for controlling the
quality of products vis-a-vis certain specifications or standard. The technique controlling product
quality against the specifications using statistical tools is known as Statistical Quality Control
(SQC)
Statistical quality control refers to the use of statistical methods in the monitoring and
maintaining of the quality of products and services.
Statistical quality control can be divided into three broad categories as follows descriptive
statistics, Statistical process control (SPC) and Acceptance sampling

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Descriptive statistics

These are the statistics used to describe certain quality characteristics

such as the central tendency and variability of the observed data, it also
describes the relationship.
 Descriptive statistics include statistics such as the mean, standard
deviation, the range, and a measure of the distribution of data

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Statistical process control (SPC)

Statistical process control (SPC) consists of statistical tools that involve

inspecting a random sample of the output from a process and deciding
whether the process is producing products with characteristics that fall
within a predetermined range.
 SPC answers the question whether the process is functioning properly or
not. These tools are very important for a process since they help in
identifying and catching a quality problem during the production process

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Acceptance sampling

Accepting sampling consists of the process of randomly inspecting a sample of

goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on the results. This
sampling decides whether a batch of goods is to be accepted or rejected.`

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Techniques of Statistical Quality Control

October 2023 Statistical Quality Control BMET II