Mathcad Ek Ek
Mathcad Ek Ek
Mathcad Ek Ek
The flow rate of air at 30oC in a 2” Schedule steel pipe is measured by an orifice meter with a
diameter of ¾”. If the manometer reading is 6 cm H2O and the upstream pressure is 250 kPa, what is the
flow in Lit/min? What is the Friction or permanent head loss?
Determine the rectangular representation of 𝑭. Find the angles between 𝑭 and each of the
positive coordinate axes. The magnitude of the force 𝑭 acting in the direction shown is 500 N.
In the Deacon Process for the manufacture of Cl2, a mixture of HCl gas and air is passed over a
heated catalyst which promotes oxidation of the acid. Air is used in 30 % excess of that theoretically
required.
c) Wt % composition of the gases leaving the chamber assuming 60% of the acid is oxidized
Reaction:
1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % air: × 100 = 57.6 %
2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
OR:
0.21×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % O2: × 100 = 12.1 %
2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
0.78×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % N2: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 44.93 %
0.01×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % Ar: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 0.58 %
mass Cl2:
2×70.9 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑙2
0.6 × 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 × [4×36.45 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙] = 583.54 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑙2
mass 𝐻2𝑂:
2×18 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2𝑂
0.6 × 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 × [4×36.45 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙] = 148.15 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2𝑂
mass O2 reacted:
32 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2
0.6 × 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙 × [ ] = 131.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2
4×36.45 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙
unreacted HCl:
148.15 𝑘𝑔 𝐻2𝑂
wt % 𝐻2𝑂: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 6.28 %
400 𝑘𝑔 𝐻𝐶𝑙
wt % HCl: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 16.96 %
1226.99 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % air: × 100 = 52.02 %
2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
0.21×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟−131.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑂2
wt % O2: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 6.51 %
0.78×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % N2: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 44.93 %
0.01×1358.68 𝑘𝑔 𝑎𝑖𝑟
wt % Ar: 2358.69 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
× 100 = 0.58 %
6. In order to obtain barium in a form that may be put into solution, natural sulfate, barytes, is
fused with sodium carbonate. A quantity of barytes, containing only pure barium sulfate and
infusible matter, is fused with excess pure, anhydrous soda ash. Upon analysis of the fusion
mass it is found to contain 11.3% BaSO4, 27.7% Na2SO4 and 20.35 Na2CO3. The remainder is
barium carbonate and infusible matter. Calculate:
% excess Na2CO3
Basis: 1000 kg Fusion Mass
𝑘𝑔
197.3 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3
𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = (1000 × 0.277) 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 ×
𝑘𝑔
142.045 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4
𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = 384.75 𝑘𝑔 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3
Thus,
384.75 𝑘𝑔
% 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 = × 100 = 38.48 % 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3
1000 𝑘𝑔
% 𝐼𝑀 = (40.65 − 38.48)% = 2.17 % 𝐼𝑀
𝑘𝑔
233.365 𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4
𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 384.75 𝑘𝑔 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 ×
𝑘𝑔
197.3 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3
𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝐵𝑎𝑆𝑂4 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 455.08 𝑘𝑔
Thus,
Composition of barytes
mBarytes = 589.78 kg
Hence,
% BaSO4 = 96.32 %
Therefore,
(410.17 − 257.99) 𝑘𝑔
% 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = × 1000
257.99 𝑘𝑔
% 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 58.99 %