• Coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, distribution,
storage, retailing, and use of the goods • Fundamental function of packaging: Contain Protects / preserves Transports Informs / sells WHAT IS PACKAGING? Packaging functions range from technical ones to marketing ones
TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS MARKETING FUNCTIONS
Contain Protect Communicate Display Preserve Measure Inform Promote Dispense store Sell motivate Technical packaging professionals Marketing professionals need need science and engineering skills artistic and motivational understanding WHAT IS PACKAGING? • HOW PACKAGING CHANGES TO MEET SOCIETY’S NEEDS Packaging is not a recent phenomenon Packaging is an activity closely associated with the evolution of society and can be traced back to human beginnings The nature, degree, and amount of packaging at any stage of society’s growth reflect the needs, cultural patterns material availability and technology of that society. Social changes are inevitably reflected in the way we package, deliver and consume goods WHAT IS PACKAGING?
MOTOR OIL WHAT IS PACKAGING? • European metal milk containers 6 Oct 1860 in this time period, many MILK Europeans began using large metal containers to store milk. These were a huge advantage because they were reliable and could hold large quantities of milk. Since these were just large metal cans, there is not a single inventor. Rather, this method was improved over time. Due to the heaviness and space consumption of these containers, modifications were made to this design. WHAT IS PACKAGING? GLASS MILK • Glass milk container 6 Jul 1884in 1884 Dr. Thatcher invented the glass milk container. This container was made completely from glass, hence the name. This innovation allowed for the milk packaging process to be more sanitary. Since these glass containers could be sealed, they became largely popular. However, its breakability made consumers irritable over time. • Paper/wax milk container6 Cct 1915 PAPER • In 1915, a young man named John Van Wormer broke his glass bottle of milk. He was very angered about this and was determined to make a change. He invented a paper container that was created by folding, gluing, and being dipped in wax. This model prevented a huge mess if the container was dropped. A few years later, this paper container was given a spout that could be opened and closed many times. WHAT IS PACKAGING? Plastic milk container • April 1963 Walter R. Bard, an artist and designer came up with the design for a plastic milk jug. These plastic milk jugs provided the ability to hold large quantities of milk but also keep it sanitary. The screw on caps sealed out germs and other undesirable objects. These containers were also easily filled and sold in stores. This design has proven useful and is still used today. HISTORY OF PACKAGING • . Packaging in some form or another has always been around to assist man in transporting, storing, and protecting a variety of items. Early man would use crude packaging materials and designs to meet the needs of hunting and gathering to survive. http://www.uspackagingandwrapping.com/blog/The-History-of-Packaging.html EARLY PACKAGING / PRIMITIVE PACKAGING EARLY PACKAGING EARLY PACKAGING
• A THERE IS A LOT OF SPECULATION TO WHAT THE FIST PACKAGING
PRODUCT WAS MADE FROM. EVEN THOUGH THE MATERIALS WERE BASIC THERE ARE SEVERAL POSSIBILITIES TO WHAT WAS USED. EARLY PACKAGING EARLY PACKAGING PRIMITIVE PACKAGING • How packaging changed as social structures changed 5000 B. C. , domesticated plants and animals A reasonable food supply in a given vicinity Evolutionary stage: supported larger groups, gave birth to small tribal villages Storage and transport containers needed for milk, honey, seed grains, nuts and dried meat; About 250 B.C. the Greek city-state period, law that affected packaging enacted PRIMITIVE PACKAGING • Early packaging materials Fabricated sacks Baskets Bags form plant animal Wood boxes (replaced hollow logs) Clay bowl Fire dried clay pots PRIMITIVE PACKAGING • The discovery of glass By 2500 B.C. a hard inert substance in the fire’s remains; glass beads and figures made in Mesopotamia (Iraq) About 1500 B. C. the earliest hollow glass objects appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE • How packaging changed as social structures changed • Many societal changes leading to the corresponding changes in packaging: mostly the quality and quantity of existing packaging practices
• The invention of the glass blowpipe, wood barrels
• The Romans in about 50 B.C., invented the glass blowpipe • The blowpipe’s invention brought glass out of noble households and temples • The first wooden barrel appeared possibly in the Alpine regions of Europe, one of the most common packaging forms for many centuries FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE • The Dark Ages • With the Roman Empire’s collapse in about 450 A. D. Europe reduced to minor city states many established arts and crafts forgotten or stagnant
• The discovery of Paper
• In China, Ts’ai Lun is credited with marking the first true paper from the inner bank of mulberry trees. The name “paper” given to the Chinese invention made of matted plant fibers FROM ROME TO RENAISSANCE • Printing from woodcuts - the ancient parent of the printing process known as flexography -Also originated in the far east. • Diamond sutra - oldest existing book printed in 868 ad. • European world awoke in 1100 ad. Gutenberg Printed a bible in 1455. • Consumer needs were non-existent. • No retail trade. Concepts of marketing, advertising, price structures and distribution were irrelevant • Population levels were not large enough to support mass production. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • "the change that transforms a people with peasant occupations and local markets into an industrial society with worldwide connections" • started in England in about 1700 and spread rapidly through Europe and North America. • rural agricultural workers migrated into cities where they were employed in factories • mass-produced goods became available • factory workers needed commodities and food • many new shops and stores opened • increase in demand for barrels, kegs, boxes, bags and baskets THE EVOLUTION OF NEW PACKAGING ROLES • for most of recorded history, bulk packaging was the rule • Packaging served primarily to contain and protect • Growth of cities spurred importance of individual packaging • Medicines, cosmetics, teas, liquors were among the first Prepackaged products • Products were sold generically • The first brand names were those of the maker: Yardley's (1770), • Schweppes (1792), Perrier (1863), Colgate (1873). THE EVOLUTION OF NEW PACKAGING ROLES THE EVOLUTION OF NEW PACKAGING ROLES • Early food can labels has to appeal to simple country folk. • 1877 - packaging milestone • Set when the American Cereal company chose a symbol to Trademark its product THE EVOLUTION OF NEW PACKAGING ROLES PACKAGING IN THE LATE 20 TH
CENTURIES • 1950s - emergence of fast-food outlets • Growth of convenience and prepared food packages • 1970s - 80s - legislative changes e.g. Labeling laws, tamper-evident closures, etc. • International agreements • Health awareness • 1990s - convenience and fast • Highly-developed countries vs less-developed countries ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES THE FOOUR R’S Reduce Reuse Recycle Recover SUSTAINABILITY “SUSTAINABILITY IS A BALANCING ACT” Arable crop is being reduced
environment consumption Global forest coverage is shrinking
Petrochemicals are becoming harder to come by Air, water, and soil pollution are increasing as is global temperature Global economic growth is based on continuous growth, global resources are fixed. SUSTAINABILITY Concept of meeting the needs of the present without comprising the ability environment consumption of future generations to meet their needs SUSTAINABILITY AND PACKAGING
• Packaging Industry is a major consumer of materials and as a result, is a
significant producer of waste materials • Significant user of enery
