(김성근) 서양 과학사
(김성근) 서양 과학사
(김성근) 서양 과학사
2009
DVD
4
19
Thales
Platon, 428~347
Aristoteles, 384~322
300
380
5
Jacob Burckhardt, 1818~1897
20
1543 Nicolaus
6
The origins of modern science: 1300~1800
Scientific Revolution
150
Johannes Kepler
William Harvey
Robert Hooke
17 18
7
19
19
19
19
19
8
20 21
20
9
10
19
2009
11
_4
chapter 01
01. _ 17
02. _ 26
03. _ 33
04. _ 41
chapter 02
05. _ 50
06. _ 59
07. _ 67
chapter 03
08. _ 78
09. _ 87
10. _ 94
chapter 04
11. _ 104
12. _ 115
13. _ 124
14. _ 132
15. _ 141
chapter 05
16. _ 150
17. _ 160
18. _ 167
19. _ 175
20. _ 187
chapter 06
21. _ 198
22. _ 204
23. _ 211
24. _ 219
25. _ 225
chapter 07
26. _ 234
27. _ 244
28. _ 252
29. _ 263
30. _ 273
_ 281
01
chapter
01
02
03
04
01
54
16
17
Socrates, 470~399
388
Academeia
18
Politeia The Myth of the Cave
14
Dante, 1265~1321 Il Convito
347
19
335
Lyceion
20
Zeno of Citum, 335~263 312
10
300
21
Pythagoras, 572~497
4 5
3 4
Anaximandros, 6
Empedocles, 490~430
22
300
Eucleides, 300 ,
Elements
2
Claudios Ptolemaeos, 2 16
23
200 1698
Sébastien Le Clair, 1637~1714
200
24
02
1665
18
17
26
400
27
mover
28
3
Niccoló Tartaglia, 1499~1557
29
17
14
1348
Jean Buridan, 1300~1358
impetus
30
1353
Albertus de Saxonia, 1316~1390
31
17
state
32
03
33
2 338
2 2
334
100 3
35
Hellenes
Hellen
280
Mouseion
Museum
36
Geometry Geo
Metry
37
5 Proclus, 418~485
19
Apollonios, 262~190
Ellipse
38
Parabola Hyperbola
3
Eratosthenes, 275~194
gnomon
0 7
15 7 15
360
25 2000
stadia 1
39
157 5 3 9690
4 9
4 9
30
300
40
04
300
214 2 Marcellus,
Archimedes, 287~212
41
Alhazen, 965-1040 ( )Kitab-al-
Manazir 1572
42
Roger Bacon, 1214~1294
3
Girolamo
Cardano, 1501~1576 16
Magia naturalis Giacomo della Porta,
1537~1602
17
René Descartes, 1596~1650
43
6 6
44
3 6
2 3 4641
3 3 4641
96
966
3 10 71 3 17
3 140845 3 142857
3 141592
Vitruvius, 1
45
De architectura
Leonardo da Vinci
17
46
19
47
02
chapter
05
06
07
05
1380~1459
1 T.C. Lucretius,
50
Cicero,
106~43
400
Hieronymus, 347~419
Thales, 640~546
51
Leucippos, 5
Atoma
Democritos,
460~370
Epicuros, 341~270
307
52
53
Clinamen
54
Karl
Marx, 1818~1883
300
55
Pneuma
56
Seneca, 4~ 65
57
1417 1473
1600 30
Memmius
54
58
06
146 30
59
Marcus Terentius Varro, 116 ~ 27
Disciplinarium libri
De medicina Celsus
Quaestiones naturales
60
37
2 000 2
61
7
Sciapodas
62
2
Shadow-foots
63
Solinus, 3
Bestiary
1492
Christopher Columbus, 1451~1506
13
1469
65
1492 De errorbus Plinii
1492~1493
Castigationes Plinianae
79 8 24
66
07
4 Eudoxus, 409~356
67
Heracleides, 390~322
3 Aristarchos,
310~230
Apollonius, 260~200
69
70
27
56
150
Epicycle
Deferent P
71
ABD
PE
P P
PE
Eccentric Equant
73
Almagest 13
74
75
03
chapter
08
09
10
08
313
380
395
529
78
St. Benedict, 470~547
80
6
Simplicios, 6
81
Physica De caelo
John Philoponus, 6
14
82
Aurelius Augustinus, 354~430
De civitate dei
Demiourgos
83
Albertus Magnus, 1193~1280
1256
Double Faith
85
2
86
09
George Sarton,
1860 Die
87
17
17
395
Nestorius, 5
431
451
Edessa
88
489
Flavius Zeno, 425~491
Nisibis
100
89
830
Bayt al-Hikmah 7
al-Mamun, 786~833
766~809
100
Thabit ibn
Qurra, 834~901
90
Ibn SI ¤na¤, , 980~1037
Canon of medicine
1987
1987
MCMLXXXVII 1987
91
X
92
1021
1270
93
10
12
16
12
94
9
756
Abd al-rahman
11
Reconquista
1085
1099
95
96
12
Adelard of Bath, 1080~1152
15
13
97
Johannes Campanus, 1220~1296
1482
1145
98
12
University Universitas
12
12
13
99
101
04
chapter
11
12
13
14
15
11
1475
Konrad von Megenberg, 1309~1374 Das Buch der
Natur
Astronomicum caesareum
104
Firmament Crystalline Primum
Mobile
COELUM EMPIREUM,
105
1543
Wittenberg
Rheticus, 1514~1576
1539
tionum copernici
38
Andreas Osiander,
1498~1552
107
1492
Ferdinand Magellan, 1480~1521 1521
1616
108
3 Aristarchos, 310~230
109
1800
Thomas S. Kuhn,
1922~1996
110
Martin
Luther, 1483~1546
Firmament
1400
12
111
10 12
10 13
10 14
Jean Calvin,
1509~1564
112
1541 8 Gemma Frisius,
70
113
114
12
16
17
115
2 Gray s
Inn
1618 3
6
Instauratio Magna 1605
The Advancement of Learning
experiment
116
deduction
induction 2
Organum Novum Organum
Idola
Idola
Tribus
Idola Specus
Idola Fon
Idola Theatn
118
6 3
1627
New Atlantis
119
17
Thomas More, 1477~1535 1516
Utopia Tommaso Campanella, 1568~1639
1529
121
1660
1626
122
123
13
1543
Andreas Vesalius,
250
124
1533
125
12
126
Mondino de Luzzi, 1270~1326
10
127
1537
128
1540 1
Baldasar Heseler
200
20
Solidos
1543
Jan
129
200
131
14
magia naturalis
132
12
133
134
Iatrochemistry
135
1527
136
137
12
1212
2 19 ~3 20
138
139
15
1543
141
1593
50
142
1602
1616
1628
143
Marcello Malpighi, 1628~1694
1661
1618
1 1630
145
1613 Discours de la methode
Leibniz, 1646~1716
146
147
05
chapter
16
17
18
19
20
16
1608
14~20
150
1610
Sidereus Nuncius
1613
Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solari
151
70
1632
Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo
152
1616
1633
153
Giovanni Battista Riccioli,
1598 ~ 1671
155
Athanasius Kircher, 1601~1680
1656 Iter
Exstaticum Coeleste
20 777
1572 11 11
156
1577
1600
157
8
158
Evangelista Torricelli,
1608~1647
Leviathan
1608~1678
159
17
20
Attributa Cogitato
Extensio
160
Le Traitede la monde
17
Mechanical Philosophy
God=
161
Robert Hooke,
1635~1703
1672 17
162
Principles Philosophiae
1665
Micrographia
163
164
165
Pierre Gassendi, 1592~1655
Traité de L’homme
166
18
1665
167
30
attractive virtue
350
168
William Gilbert, 1544~1603
1600 De Magnete
15 1492
1498 1522
Vitalist
169
1631 Ars Magnesia
170
16
1609
Principia Mathematica
171
172
8
173
174
19
17
14
175
16
17 1608
1618 1626
Johann Adam Schall von Bell, , 1591~1666
1631
176
1611 Dioptrice
Spherical aberration
17
Giuseppe Campani,
1635~171514 10
Chromatic aberration
177
1636 Marin Mersenne,
1588~1648 1663
James Gregory, 1638~1675
179
1668 20
1625
Francesco
16
2 150
181
1665
Micrographia 1640
17
17
1650
Otto von Guericke, 1602~1686
1657
182
40
1660
10
184
17
17
17
17
185
186
20
17
17
15
Bernhard Walther, 1430~1503
187
Patron
2 2 1576
20
1592
188
1482
Ludovico Sforza, 1452~1508
1610 2
189
2
16
190
4
1609
1610
40
191
2 1588 2
1597
1601
17
192
193
1600
1612
17
17
1666
194
195
06
chapter
21
22
23
24
25
21
198
17
17
1661
The Sceptical Chymist
17
199
Johann Joachim Becher, 1635~1682
terra
terra lapi-
da
terra
pinguis
terra mercurialis
Phlogios Phlogiston
200
18
Henry Cavendish, 1731~1810
10
dephlogisticated air
1774 1786
Experiments and Observations on
201
18 1790
202
1791 7 14
1794
Thomas Jefferson,
203
22
18
204
1768
205
20
1768
1771
310
1777 11 12
206
18
17
1787
Claude Louis Berthollet, 1748~1822 Guyton de Morveau,
1789
Traite Élémentaire De Chimie
33
207
1789
1793
1794 11
3 129 549
18
208
John Dalton, 1766~1844
1 2
1800
William Nicholson, 1753~1815
209
Anthony Carlisle, 1768~1840
21
Joseph Louis Gay-
Lussac, 1778~1850 21
1869
Dmitrii Mendeleev, 1834~1907
210
23
Elektron Electricity
17
25
211
Francis Hauksbee, 1666~1713
Georg Matthias
Bose, 1710~1761
212
Elektriciteit
1751
, 1728~1780
213
1776
1729 Stephen
Gray, 1670~1736
static electricity
1746
Pieter van Musschenbroek, 1692~1761
1752
214
Luigi Galvani, 1737~1798
215
1791
De Viribus Electricitatis
Alessandro Volta,
1745~1827
216
1800
19
1820
Hans Christian Örsted, 1777~1851
90
217
Michael Faraday, 1791~1867
10
1887
Heinrich Hertz, 1857~1894
218
24
17
Giambattista della
219
Porta, 1535~1615 Magia naturalis
1611
17
27
220
10
1660
1660
16491
Oliver
Cromwell, 1599~1658
1660
2 1662
221
Henry Oldenburg, 1618~1677
12 119
1665 33
37 13
1666
1635
222
Journal des Scavans
18
17
224
25
18
225
18
1751 150
Encyclopedie 28 18
226
18
1780 2
1783
227
Joseph Montgolfier, 1740~1810
Jacques Montgolfier
7 016
228
18
18
229
17
18
1780 1840
24
18
1799
230
Essai sur l’electricité des corps
18
William Whewell,
18
19
231
07
chapter
26
27
28
29
30
26
234
18
Carl Linné, 1707~1778 Class
Order Genus
235
Species
George-Louis
182
1809
Phylosopie Zoologique
236
theory of use and disuse
1831
19
19
1840
1831 12 27
237
5
Charles Lyell,
catastrophism
238
uniformitarianism
5 1836 10
20
239
20
Alfred Russel
Wallace, 1823~1913
1848
Henry Bates, 1825~1892
1852
1854 1862
240
1858 6 20
1859
241
1 250
242
Ernst
Haeckel, 1834~1919
19
1836~1916
243
27
17
Matteo Ricci,
19
244
18
245
James Watt,
1736~1819
18
19
1840
246
1853 Matthew Calbraith Perry, 1794~1858
4 1
1861
1865
247
1864
1880
1880
1860
250
248
1860
1863 1869 56
1860 119
1868
, 1829~1897
, 1835~1901
1870
249
1880
1880
250
19
19
251
28
17 19
19
252
15
19
19
1845~1923 X 2
253
corpuscle
electron
191188
254
255
Niels Bohr, 1885~1962
19
256
Quantum
1905
1913
257
Werner Heisenberg, 1901~1976
1927
258
1927
259
19
1932
James Chadwick, 1891~1974
261
1901~1958
1931 1 8
1964
Murray Gell-Mann, 1929~ quark
262
29
263
20
1915 4 22
264
1
Clara Haber
265
1
1918
19
266
1
1925
1933
267
1
1914~1918
1 1939~1945
2 2
2 10 11
21941
268
Robert Oppenheimer, 1904~1967 20
235
1938 12
Otto Hahn, 1879~1968 Fritz Strassmann, 1902~1980
235 239
269
235 239
235
235
235
235
E MC2
235
1942
12
270
239 1945
1944 6 1945 5
1945 7
8 9
1945 3
271
20
1945 2
20
272
30
Pangen
1856
273
1
274
1865
Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden
40
34
1900
20
1904
275
Walter Sutton, 1877~1916
chromosome
Gene
DNA, RNA
DNA 1940
Oswald
Avery, 1877~1955
RNA DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA
T C G A
DNA
20
2 DNA
276
Maurice Wilkins, 1916~2004
DNA
X DNA
1954
Linus Carl Pauling, 1901~1994
DNA
1953 4 25
Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids-A Structure for
277
Francis Crick, 1916~2004 1951
DNA
DNA X
DNA
DNA
1962
1958
DNA
1972
Paul Berg, 1926~ DNA
DNA
DNA
278
1970 DNA
DNA
GM
279
1997
17
20
20
21
20
280
science) 87
28, 32, 171
257 257
33 ( ) 42, 93
243 (Nephelai) 18
5, 78, 81 207
40, 169 68
37 (Collectanea rerum
281
99 275
(Gilbert, William) 168~169, () 88, 133
171 (Dante) 19
(d Alembert, Jean Le
Rond) 226
274
229~230
45~46 (Instauratio Magna) 116, 118~119
(Iter Exstaticum Coeleste) (Democritos) 52~55, 166, 273
155~156
54 55
57 (Demiourgos) 83
27, 69, 199~200 36
(Nestorius) 88~90, 133 (Descartes, René) 43, 146,
81~82 160~161, 163~166, 169, 174, 187, 222
(Kneller, Godfrey) 173 54, 100
60, 80, 100~101 (Daubenton, Louis Jean-
(Nollet, Jean-Antoine) 184, Marie) 236
231 9, 265~267, 269
91 (Dalton, John) 209, 253
(New Atlantis) 119, 121 19, 118
(Newton, Isaac) 6, 26, 159, () 137
165~167, 171~174, 181, 187, 194, 198~199, 78, 81~82, 88~89
222, 252, 280 143~145
(Needham, Joseph) 146 215~216
() 249 165
(Nisibis) 89
(Nicholson, William) 209 (An Anatomical Exercise on the
Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals)
143~144
(Phylosopie Zoologique)
236~237
44~45 69, 71
(da Vinch, Leonardo) 31, (uniformitarianism) 239
46, 108, 127, 189~191, 263~264 (Dialogo
(Darwin, Charles) 237~242, 273, sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo)
282
152 (Luyts, Jan) 180
(de Morveau, Guyton) 207 (Lyceion) 20~21, 36
(Digges, Leonard) 138 (Le Clair, Sébastien)
(Diderot, Denis) 226 24~25, 223
(Leviathan) 159
(Ricci, Matteo) 38, 244
(Riccioli,
Giovanni Battista) 154
204, 208 271
(Lamarck, Jean (Linné, Carl) 235~236
Baptiste) 236~237, 239 241
(Lavoisier, Antoine) 203, 219~220
205~209
214
(Lyell, Charles) 238
(Raffaello) 16~17
(Rutherford, Ernest) 182
254~257 (Marcellus) 41
(Leeuwenhoek, Anton van) (Marcus Aurelius)
181 (Marx, Karl) 55
(Leoniceno, Niccolò) 66 132, 137~138, 163
(Leucippos) 52, 166, 169 138
140, 142 (Magellan, Ferdinand)
(Reconquista) 95 108, 169
(Rheticus) 107, 112~113 19, 33, 35~36, 59
(Wren, Christopher) 162 26, 159, 167, 172~174, 217, 255
56~57, 81 (The Malay Archipelago) 241
(Lawrence, Ernest (Malpighi, Marcello) 145
Orlando) 261~262, 269 150~153, 156, 162, 176~179, 181,
(Röntgen, Wilhelm 185, 191, 230, 263
Konrad) 253 137
192~194 (Maxwell, James
70 Clerk) 218, 252, 256
177, 223 268
(Lucretius, T.C.) 50~51, 58, 216 (Malthus, Thomas) 239
(Luther, Martin) 111~113 (Megenberg, Konrad
283
von) 104~106 Hermolaos) 66
188, 190~191, 220 169
(Mersenne, Marin) 43, 179, 222 136, 268
249 17, 108
(Mendel, Gregor) 273~275 (Historia naturalis) 59~66
(Mendeleev, Dmitrii) 35
210 243
(Memmius) 58 (Walther, Bernhard) 187
(Monocoli) 62 (Discours de la methode) 146
145 253
(More, Thomas) 120~121 226
80 142~145
(Essai sur l’electricité (Berg, Paul) 278
des corps) 231 (Berzelius, Jöns
(Montgolfier, Jacques) 228 Jakob) 210
(Montgolfier, Joseph) 228 (Berthollet, Claude
136 Louis) 207
(Mouseion) 36~37 (Vesalius, Andreas)
58 124~125, 127~131, 141~142, 187, 194
92, 108, 159, 171~172, 194, 198, 214, 33, 66, 123
216~218, 231, 249~250, 252~254, 256, (Bates, Henry) 240
258~262, 268~269, 273, 280 (Bacon, Roger) 43, 65
(Musschenbroek, (Bacon, Francis) 115~116,
Pieter van) 214 118~119, 121~123, 145, 226
(Museum) 36 (Becher, Johann Joachim)
52, 165, 186, 254 200
(Micrographia) 163, 182 (Sidereus Nuncius)
78 151, 177
(Milton, John) 159 (Bose, Georg Matthias) 212
(Bohr, Niels) 256~261, 269
100
99, 127, 129
(Volta, Alessandro) 216
(Varro, Marcus 216
Terentius) 60 45
(Barbarus, (Burckhardt, Jacob) 6,
284
87, 94 (Chromatic aberration) 177, 179, 181
258~259 169~170, 173
(Buridan, Jean) 30~31 (Schall, Adam) 176, 244
(Buffon, 38
George-Louis Leclerc de) 236 (Sutton, Walter) 276
80 258
(Bracciolini, Poggio) 50 (St. Benedict) 78
(Brahe, Tycho) 7, 111, 114, (Peregrinatio in Terram
154~157, 171, 180, 187~188, 191~194 Sanctam) 61
(Breydenbach, (The system of the World)
Bernhard von) 61 172
(Brouncker, William) 221 (Seneca) 57
(Bruno, Giordano) 108 36
237 (Socrates) 16, 18, 20
(Biot, Jean Baptiste) 228 119, 121~122
81, 88~89, 95~96, 133 (Solinus) 65
(Wittenberg) 212 259~261
(Vitruvius) 45~46 133, 199~201, 206, 217
(Mathematical Magic) 162
(Stahl, Georg E.) 200~201
(Strassmann, Fritz)
269~270
152~153 (Swanenburg) 140
21, 69 6, 85, 101
(De rerum natura) (Sciapodas) 63
50~51, 58 (Somnium scipionis) 92
(Thabit ibn Qurra) 90 (Stadia) 39
(Sarton, George) 87 (Stelluti, Francesco)
243 181
199, 201~203, 206, 209~210 55
60, 81, 100~101 21, 37, 55~57
201, 206 (Sforza, Ludovico)
152~153 189~190
252 (Sprat, Thomas) 122
259 41~44, 263
154 36, 88~89, 133
285
39~40 82~83
95 (Academeia) 18~21, 36
(Versuche über 17~18, 21, 23~24, 53, 55
Pflanzen-Hybriden) 275 (Atoma) 52
51 237, 246~247
(De civitate dei) 83 (Apollonios) 38~39
(Novum Organum) 118 (Apianus, Petras) 104,
(Astronomia nova) 158, 171 106
46, 122, 185, 275 36
(Accademia del Cimento) 220 20, 35~36, 52~53
(Lectures in 23, 36~40, 44, 71, 82, 88~89
Experimental Natural Philosophy) 184 (Alenza, Leonardo 57
152~153 (Almagest) 89, 98
(Simplicios) 81 (Albertus de Saxonia) 31
(The Renaissance of the (Albertus Magnus) 85
twelfth century) 94 255
266
90, 95
247~248
88
21 261~262
(Anaximandros) 22 252, 256, 258~261
(Adelard of Bath) 97~98, 126 254~255
89~90, 94~97, 99 (Etymologiarum seu originum libri)
(Archimedes) 41~47, 263 80
(Aristarchos) 69, 109 (Edessa) 88~89
(Aristoteles) 6, 16, 18~21, (Eratosthenes) 39~40
27~33, 35~37, 51~52, 69~71, 75, 82~83, 85, 213~214
99~101, 104, 106, 108, 118, 143, 146, (Eudoxus) 67, 69, 71, 171
151~152, 199, 234~235 (Eucleides) 16, 22~23,
(Aristophanes) 18 37~38, 44, 90, 97, 99~100
111 (Avery, Oswald) 276
52 204
(Abd al-rahman) 95 69, 150~151, 164~165
(astrolabe) 152 88
(Augustinus, Aurelius) 51, (Epicuros) 16, 20~21, 37, 52~56,
286
58, 83 (The cosmographical
(Elektron) 211 glasses) 68
(Empedocles) 22 (Le Traitede la monde) 161
54
(Experiments and Observations on 29~32
Different Kinds of Air) 201~202 (mover) 28~30
132~136, 198~200, 206~207 137, 139, 163, 173
(Artis Auriferae) 199 (Primum mobile) 68, 105
199~202, 206 27, 69~70, 161, 199~200, 207, 209~210,
118 266, 271
228~229, 263 69~71, 73, 108, 114, 150, 157~158
(chromosome) 276 (On the measurement
265~267 of the Circle) 44
(Amphitheatrum 50, 52~56, 83, 161, 169, 209~210,
sapientiae aeternae) 135 252~259, 261~262
95 253~259, 261~262
265 268~272
(Ostade, Adriaen 10, 37, 50, 52~53, 55, 58, 166, 169,
van) 134 209, 253
(Osiander, Andreas) 255~256, 258, 261, 268~270
107~108 (Wallace, Alfred
(Oppenheimer, Robert) Russel) 240~241, 275
271 220
(Oldenburg, Henry) 222 169
(Watt, James) 246 (Wilkins, Maurice) 277~278
(Watson, James) 277~279 (Wilkins, John) 162, 168, 222
225 56, 146
(Örsted, Hans 55
Christian) 217~218 83, 85, 135
44~45 276, 278~280
(Johanssen, Wilhelm) 276 279
(theory of use and disuse) 237 253~254
(Universitas) 99 254~255
235 269~270 (Iatrochemistry) 135
95 (Canon of medicine) 60, 91,
243 98~99, 126, 136
287
108, 153 (Evidence as to
18~19, 83 Man s Place in Nature) 242
(Idola) 118~119
(Ibn SI ¤na¤) 91, 99, 125~127, 136 119
(Ibn al-Haytham) 92 (Physica) 82, 99
160 81, 101
10, 89~93, 95, 133 67, 69, 71, 109, 151
80 69
72~73, 109 212
52 218, 256, 258
278 132, 138, 188, 193~194
(Double Faith) 85 137~138
72~73 176
(Die Kultur der 142~145
Renaissance in Italien) 87 209
(An Essay on the Principle of 211~214
Population) 239 69, 150
() 243 267~268
(De humani corporis (Zeno, Flavius) 89
fabrica) 124, 129~131, 141 (Zenon of Citium) 16, 20~21, 37, 55~56
55 (Gerard of Cremona) 98
(impetus) 30~32, 82 36
186, 261~262, 269 (On the Origin of Species) 239,
241
143
Journal des Scavans) 224
71~74, 109
171 26~27, 227
139, 163~164, 168~171, 173~174, 189, 9~10, 93
194, 220 245~246
(De Magnete) 168~169 72, 74, 104~106, 110
(Ars Magnesia) 170 116
28~29, 31~32 82, 150, 157, 171, 280
(Philosophiae nat- (Prognostication Everlasting)
uralis principia mathematica) 6, 171 138
(Das Buch der Natur) 105 119
288
(Geometry) 37 145, 221
5, 17, 40~41, 57, 59, 89, 95, 116, 150 (Cesi, Federico) 219~220
(Principles of Geology) 238 156~157
90 57
29, 31 68, 105
28, 52, 182~184, 211~212 (Astronomiae insturatae
mecdhanica) 156
(Experimenta nova Magdeburgca de
vacuo spatio) 183
236~237, 239, 241~243, 273
(Szilárd, Leó) 268, 271
270 (Cardano, Girolamo) 43
() 41~43, 263 95
205~206, 208 265, 267, 269
(Carlisle, Anthony) 209
(Calvin, Jean) 112
88
(Campanella, Tommaso)
122, 221 121
(Firmament) 68, 105, 111 (Campanus, Johannes)
(Chadwick, James) 261, 269 97
() 23, 27, 67~71, 104~106, 109~110, (Campani, Giuseppe) 177
114, 157, 171 (Cavendish, Henry) 201
23, 104 22, 189
70, 75, 82, 108, 114, 150, 152~153, (Keynes, John Maynard)
157, 171, 280 198
(Machina Coelestis) 179 (Kepler, Johannes) 7, 114,
(De caelo) 82 157~159, 171, 175~178, 187, 192~194
(De revolutionibus 95~96, 99
orbium coelestium) 6, 107, 109~110, 124 (Caus, Salmon de) 146
(Principles Philosophiae) 163, 189~191
165 (Copernicus,
(Philosophical Transactions) Nicolaus) 6, 23, 107~113, 115, 124,
216, 222 152~155, 157, 171, 180, 187
(Margarita philosophica) 62,
100 (Narratio prima de libris revolutionum
289
copernici) 107 151, 200
78, 88 (terra lapida) 200
(Columbus, Christopher) 65, 108, (terra mercurialis) 200
169 (terra pinguis) 200
62 (Torricelli,
(Kuhn, Thomas) 110 Evangelista) 159
(Khunrath, Heinrich) 135 (Thomas Aquinas) 84~85,
(quark) 262 101
(Cremonini, Cesare) 153 175, 188~191
(Cromwell, Oliver) 221 95~96, 98~99
192 (Thomson, J.J.) 253~254, 256
(Crick, Francis) 277~278 29~31, 82, 172
(Ctesias) 62 46, 263
(Clinamen) 54 84
(Kircher, Athanasius) (Timaios) 18
155~156, 170
(Cyrillus) 88
(Cicero) 51, 57~59, 92, 100
290
(Porta, Giambattista 66
della) 219 (De errorbus
29, 31~32, 39 Plinii) 66
266 39
41, 59 99, 188, 190~191, 220
(Pauling, Linus Carl) 277 (Pythagoras) 16, 20, 23, 69, 90,
58 100
(Fourcroy, Antoine F.) (Philoponus, John) 82
207 33, 35
(Pneuma) 56
(Flore Française) 236
203~205, 208, 225
(Franklin, Rosalind)
277~278 (Ha¤ru¤n al-RashI ¤d) 90
(Franklin, Benjamin) 203, (Haber, Clara) 265
214, 227 (Haber, Fritz) 265~267, 269
188, 192 (Harvey, William) 7, 141~147,
36 194
(Proclus) 38 (Huygens, Christiaan)
111~113 162, 165
101, 107 (Heisenberg, Werner)
100 258~260
(Priestley, Joseph) (The Advancement of
201~203, 206, 227 Learning) 116
(Frisius, Gemma) 113 (Hahn, Otto) 269~270
(Ptolemaeos, (Hannibal) 41
Claudios) 16, 23, 68, 71~74, 89, 98, 100, (Bestiary) 63, 65
104, 109~110, 152~157, 180 (Haskins, Charles
(Platon) 5, 16, 18~20, 27, 36~37, 44, Homer) 94
52, 83~84, 118, 152 268
(Planck, Max) 256~257, 260, 150, 155, 158~159, 165, 171~172, 255
266 19
(Phlogiston) 200~203, 206~207 (Huxley, Thomas Henry)
(Plinius 242
Secundus, Gaius) 60, 62~66, 81, 123 (Pillars of Hercules) 116
(Castigationes Plinianae) (Heracleides) 69
291
(Hertz, Heinrich) 218 (Hirschvogel,
(Hevelius, Johannes) Augustin) 136
179~180 (Hieronymus) 51
(Haeckel, Ernst) 243 (Les raisons des forces
(Henslow, John S.) 237 mouvantes) 146
(Hellenes) 36
5, 36~38, 40~41, 52, 55, 59, 83
(Hellen) 36
70~71, 157, 165, 172
242
(Hodierna,
Giovanni Battista) 181
() 211
(Hauksbee, Francis) 212
(Hobbes, Thomas) 159, 162
(Methode De Nomenclature
Chimique) 207
(Traite Élémentaire De Chimie)
207~208
(Elementary Treatise
of Chemistry) 209
(Astronomicum cae-
sareum) 104, 106
(The Sceptical Chymist)
199~200
( ) 95
(Hunain ibn Ishaq)
90~91
() 250
(Hooke, Robert) 7, 162~164,
175, 181~182, 185, 187, 221
() 249~250
(Whewell, William) 231
256~257
() 213
271
292