China India Review January-March 2024

January-March 2024 ` 50
NEWS FROM CHINA
CHINA-INDIA REVIEW
Deepening Reforms
People-Centric Growth
Editor’s Words
Two Sessions: Mapping a Brighter

Future for a More Open China
T
his year’s “Two Sessions,” has shone the spotlight on a new vocabulary of China’s high-
quality development that will accelerate the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This new
language of China’s modern renaissance includes new quality productive forces, Chinese
modernization, whole-process people’s democracy, people-centric governance, and eco-friendly
growth. In each of these areas, China’s top leadership has unveiled new ambitions and targets.
The annual plenary sessions of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the National
Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) brought
out vividly that China is completely committed to high-level opening-up and reforms. The
overarching message was one of optimism in ongoing economic recovery, and a new confidence
in China’s future. In his remarks, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for accelerating efforts to
sustain the positive momentum of economic recovery, and boosting confidence in development
across society. Xi stressed on developing new quality productive forces, which would enable
advanced productivity freed from the traditional economic growth mode. This new phase of
China’s development will be marked by high-tech, high efficiency, and high quality.
The Two Sessions showcased “Xi Jinping the Reformer,” who is determined to deepen
reforms on all fronts, thereby dispelling concerns about whether China’s reform is “stagnating,”
or its economy is “losing steam.” “We must plan major moves to deepen reform to inject strong
impetus into promoting high-quality development and advancing Chinese modernization,”
President Xi said. Xi pointed out that China’s economy had entered a new development stage
and proposed a new development philosophy featuring innovative, coordinated, green, open
and shared growth. Against this backdrop, Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of the Chinese Embassy
in India, has encapsulated the essence of the annual “Two Sessions” through a unique acronym
G.D.P, whereby “G” stands for Growth, “D” for Diplomacy and “P” for People.
Looking ahead, China’s onward journey of national rejuvenation and high-quality development
will acquire greater momentum. Higher growth rate and deeper reforms have also opened new
avenues for win-win engagement with the world and building a community with a shared future
for mankind — the core tenet of “Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.”
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, or
“Panchsheel”. These Principles, jointly advocated by China and India, have already become a
basic norm governing international relations. Over the past year, China-India relations have
shown a positive momentum. The two sides have maintained high-level communications and
interactions. China supported India’s presidency of both G20 and SCO. Bilateral trade volume
reached $136.2 billion.
This year also marks the 100th anniversary of visit of the great Indian poet Rabindranath
Tagore to China. In the “Year of the Dragon,” let’s implement the consensus reached by President
Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Modi on stabilizing bilateral ties, and usher in a new chapter of
harmonious and win-win relations between our two great countries and civilizations.
NEWS FROM CHINA | CHINA-INDIA REVIEW | JANUARY-MARCH 2024 | 3

CON
NEWS FROM CHINA
CHINA-INDIA REVIEW
Vol 1 | Quarterly magazine | January-March 2024
Editor-in-Chief : Wang Xiaojian

Associate Editors
Chang Peilin, Yu Ruilin, He Lin
Desk
Li Nan
Shweta Aggarwal
Published and Printed by

Wang Xiaojian, Counsellor
Embassy of the People’s Republic of TWO SESSIONS
China in India
50-D, Shantipath, Chanakyapuri
New Delhi - 110021
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Fax: 011-26882024
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Contact: webmaster@mfa.gov.cn
Chinese Embassy X: • Xi’s “Two Sessions” Messages Highlight China’s
@China_Amb_India 6
High-Quality Development in Crucial Year
Spokesperson X: @ChinaSpox_India
• Chinese Premier Delivers Government Work Report 10
RNI No.: 47440/88
• China Vows to Be Staunch Force for Peace, Stability, 11
E-book & PDF version Progress
(http://in.china-embassy.org)
• Understanding China’s G.D.P 14
Disclaimer
All rights reserved throughout the world.
Reproduction in any manner is prohibited.
XICTIONARY
BOARD OF ADVISORS
• Xi Jinping the Reformer 17
Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affairs a. i, Embassy of
the People’s Republic of China in India • Governance: Putting People
at the Center 31
Chen Jianjun, Minister Counsellor,
Embassy of the People’s Republic of China • High-Quality Development 32
in India
• Chinese Modernization 33
Manish Chand, CEO, TGII Media Private
Limited & India Writes Network • Whole-Process People’s
Democracy 34
Mohammed Saqib, Secretary-General,
India China Economic and Cultural Council • New Quality Productive Forces 35
B. R. Deepak, Professor, JNU
Kaushal Goyal, CEO, GBD Books
4 | NEWS FROM CHINA | CHINA-INDIA REVIEW
TENTS
CHINA AND THE WORLD
• Breaking New Ground in Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics 36

• WEF 2024: Premier Li Unveils 5-Point Proposal for Rebuilding Trust, Economic Recovery 45
• Premier Li Assures A More Open China, World-Class Business Environment 47
• China’s Top Diplomat Presents Diplomatic Goals For 2024 49
• China Stands Firm as Stabilizing Force in Turbulent World: Top Diplomat 51
• C
onsensus, Solidarity and Cooperation Working Together to Promote the Healthy
53
Development of the Global Human Rights Cause
• To Media: Adhere to the One-China Principle, Do Not Provide Platform for “Taiwan
Independence” Forces 55
• Taiwan’s Status Undetermined? A Fallacy 56
CHINA-INDIA RELATIONS
• China, India Hold the 29th Meeting of the Working Mechanism for
Consultation and Coordination on Border Affairs 58
• China, India hold 21st round of Corps Commander Level Meeting 58
• China Aims for A Quality Boost as its Economy Recovers 59
• Usher in a Bright Future of Peace, Security, Prosperity and
Progress for Our World 61
• Remarks by Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of Chinese Embassy
63
in India at the Chinese New Year Carnival
• Address by Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of the Chinese Embassy
in India At the BRICS CCI WE Annual Women’s Summit & 65
Felicitations 2024

TWO SESSIONS
Xi’s “Two Sessions” Messages

Highlight China’s High-Quality
Development in Crucial Year
In his remarks at the “Two Sessions” on March 10, 2024, Chinese
President Xi Jinping underlined the need to accelerate efforts
to sustain positive economic momentum and focused on his
commitment to deepen reforms on all fronts.
Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China Central
Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, takes part in a deliberation with his
fellow deputies from the delegation of Jiangsu Province at the second session of the 14th National
People’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing on March 5, 2024.
6 | NEWS FROM CHINA | CHINA-INDIA REVIEW | JANUARY-MARCH 2024

C
hinese President Xi Jinping has developing new quality productive forces
shone more light on the country’s based on local conditions.
source of confidence for high-quality Developing new quality productive forces
development by expounding on a wide range does not mean neglecting or abandoning
of topics at this year’s Two Sessions. traditional industries, Xi said, noting that it
Xi, also general secretary of the Communist is necessary to prevent a headlong rush into
Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and projects and the formation of industry bubbles,
chairman of the Central Military Commission, and avoid adopting just a single model of
joined national legislators in deliberations development.
and participated in discussions with national
political advisors at the event, making a raft
of remarks on issues including new quality
productive forces, environmental protection,
overall reform and coordinated regional
development.
In this crucial year for fulfilling the
objectives and tasks set out in the 14th Five-
Year Plan (2021-2025), Xi stressed that efforts
must be made to sustain and reinforce the
positive momentum of economic recovery,
and boost confidence in development across
society. Key messages from Xi at the sessions
provided insight into the trajectory of the
world’s second-largest economy.
Yonglian village, Jiangsu, with an area of over 10 square
New Quality Productive Forces kilometers, is home to a water town, garden-like factories
and modern farmlands.
Xi has stressed developing new quality
productive forces amid the country’s Xi stressed the need to strengthen basic
accelerated efforts to foster new growth drivers research and basic research in applied sciences,
and promote high-quality development. achieve breakthroughs in core technologies
First put forward by Xi in 2023, the concept in key fields, and foster new drivers for
was highlighted at a key meeting on economic developing new quality productive forces
work last December, and became the subject of when participating in a joint group meeting
a group study session of the CPC leadership attended by national political advisors on
this year. March 6.
With innovation playing the leading role, Citing achievements in transportation as an
new quality productive forces mean advanced example, he said that China is a global leader
productivity that is freed from the traditional in automobile production and sales, excels
economic growth mode and productivity in new energy vehicles, boasts the longest
development paths, features high-tech, high expressway network, and has successfully
efficiency and high quality, and comes in line introduced high-speed railways and urban rail
with the new development philosophy. transit systems internationally, alongside the
Joining his fellow deputies from the development of large aircraft.
delegation of Jiangsu in a deliberation on Craftsmen are important for these
March 5, Xi underscored the importance of accomplishments, he stressed, calling for

enhancing vocational education, fostering environment that is market-oriented, law-
a culture of meticulous craftsmanship, and based and internationalized to foster new
nurturing generations of master craftsmen at strengths for a higher-level open economy.
the forefront of production.
“The master craftsmen are the backbone. Environmental Protection
Without a diamond, you can’t handle “The CPC Central Committee always
porcelain,” Xi said. attaches great importance to environmental
Attending a plenary meeting of the protection,” Xi told national political advisors,
delegation of the People’s Liberation Army and including those from the sector of environment
the People’s Armed Police Force on March 7, and resources, on March 6.
he said the drive to accelerate the development He emphasized the need to secure red lines
of new quality productive forces has provided in the development and protection of territorial
rare opportunities for the development of space, and improve the region-specific
strategic capabilities in emerging areas. He environmental management system, so as to
called for enabling new quality productive further consolidate the ecological foundations
forces and new quality combat capabilities to of high-quality development.
effectively integrate with and boost each other.
Deepening Overall Reform At the deliberation on March 5, Xi

Reform has been a key word in China over stressed the necessity of planning major
the years. measures to further deepen reform on all
At the deliberation on March 5, Xi stressed fronts, so as to continuously inject strong
the necessity of planning major measures to
further deepen reform on all fronts, so as to
impetus into the endeavor to promote
continuously inject strong impetus into the high-quality development and advance
endeavor to promote high-quality development Chinese modernization.
and advance Chinese modernization.
To build a high-level socialist market According to the government work report,
economy, it is imperative to accelerate the China has set a target of reducing its energy
improvement of basic systems underpinning consumption per unit of GDP by approximately
the market economy, such as those for 2.5 percent this year.
property rights protection, market access, fair Xi said that efforts must be made to carry
competition, and social credit, Xi said. out targeted, science-based and lawful
He stressed that it is essential to improve and pollution control, promote green and low-
implement the institutions and mechanisms carbon transition in economic and social
to unswervingly consolidate and develop the development, strengthen conservation,
public sector and unswervingly encourage, efficient use and recycling of resources, explore
support and guide the development of the more ways to realize the market value of
non-public sector, and facilitate the growth of ecological products, and work toward peaking
the private sector and private enterprises. carbon emissions and achieving carbon
The reform of systems involving science neutrality.
and technology, education and professional On the country’s plan to control new
personnel should be deepened, and barriers pollutants following its treatment of smog and
obstructing the development of new quality black and malodorous water bodies, Xi said that
productive forces should be removed, Xi both newfound and persisting environmental
said, stressing creating a world-class business problems need to be addressed.

Chinese President Xi Jinping took part in the second session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) in
Beijing, the capital of China, on March 5, 2024.
Common Prosperity
Coordinated Regional
Xi considers pursuing common prosperity Development
for all to be an essential feature of Chinese
modernization. Since the 18th CPC National Congress
The tale of Yonglian Village in east China’s in 2012, a series of coordinated regional
Jiangsu Province, a legendary example of development strategies have been
developing township enterprises during implemented, including the coordinated
China’s reform and opening up, caught his development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
attention in the deliberation on March 5. region, the integrated development of the
Once a tidal flat area along the Yangtze Yangtze River Delta, and the integration and
River, this village boldly established a steel coordinated development of the Guangdong-
enterprise about 40 years ago and emerged as Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. They
a nationally renowned prosperous community. are playing an important supporting role in
Last year, with total industrial and fostering a new development paradigm and
agricultural revenues reaching 161.6 billion promoting high-quality development.
yuan (about 22.77 billion U.S. dollars) and a During the deliberation on March 5, Xi said
collective operating revenue of 335 million that it is imperative for Jiangsu to fully integrate
yuan, the village residents enjoyed an average into and contribute to the development of
per capita net income of 73,000 yuan. the Yangtze Economic Belt and the strategy
Listening to a national legislator from the for integrated development of the Yangtze
village recount these achievements, Xi praised River Delta, urging the major economically
the village as a pioneer on the path to rural developed province to better leverage its
revitalization and common prosperity, urging strength to drive the development of the whole
the villagers to continue their efforts to promote region and the whole country.
common prosperity.

Chinese Premier Delivers
Government Work Report
• Issuing ultra-long special treasury bonds
• Launching AI Plus initiative
• Enhancing disruptive and frontier
technology research
• Launching year-long program to stimulate
consumption
• Investment from central government
budget: 700 billion yuan
• Expanding domestic demand
• Ensuring national treatment for foreign-
funded enterprises
• Working toward joining the Comprehensive
and Progressive Agreement for Trans-
Pacific Partnership
C
hinese Premier Li Qiang delivered a • Pursuing higher-standard opening up
government work report at the opening • Defusing risks in property, local debt, small
meeting of the second session of the 14th and medium-sized financial institutions
National People’s Congress (NPC) at the Great
• Ensuring both development and security
Hall of the People in Beijing, March 5, 2024.
• Advancing energy revolution
Highlights of Chinese Government • Opposing “Taiwan independence” and
Work Report external interference
The opening meeting of the second session of • Upholding international fairness and
the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) was justice
held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,
capital of China, March 5, 2024. QR code of full text of the
• 2024 GDP growth target: around 5 percent government work report
delivered to the second session
• Creating over 12 million jobs in urban areas
of the 14th National People’s
• Ratio of deficit to GDP: 3 percent Congress of the People’s
• Special-purpose bonds for local Republic of China on March 5,
governments: 3.9 trillion yuan and adopted on March 11.

China Vows to Be Staunch
Force for Peace, Stability,
Progress
China is ready to work with all countries to build an open,
inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal
security and shared prosperity, said Chinese Foreign Minister
Wang Yi at a press conference held on the sidelines of the annual
session of the National People’s Congress.
overshadowed by protracted conflicts and

lukewarm economic recovery.
All countries rise and fall together in
today’s world and the sure path to meeting
challenges is mutual assistance and win-win
cooperation, said Wang, also a member of the
Political Bureau of the Communist Party of
China Central Committee.
The vision of building a community with
a shared future for mankind, put forward by
Chinese President Xi Jinping, goes beyond the
obsolete zero-sum game mentality and points
the right direction for humanity, Wang said
at a press conference held on the sidelines of
the annual session of the National People’s
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, also a member of Congress.
the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China
“China is ready to work with all countries
Central Committee, addressed a press conference on
China’s foreign policy and foreign relations on the to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful
sidelines of the second session of the 14th National world of lasting peace, universal security
People’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing on March 7, 2024. and shared prosperity. The road ahead may
be tortuous, but the future is bright,” the top
diplomat stated.
C
hina’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi on
March 7, 2024 expressed the country’s Solutions to Hotspot Issues
resolve to unswervingly promote During the 1.5-hour press conference, Wang
peace, stability and progress in a world expounded on China’s approaches to resolving

global hotspot issues and achieving lasting “Restoring justice to the Palestinian people
peace and common security. and fully implementing the two-state solution
On the turbulent Middle East, Wang is the only way to break the vicious circle of
highlighted that China supports Palestine’s Palestinian-Israeli conflicts,” Wang said.
full membership in the United Nations (UN) Turning to the Ukraine crisis, the foreign
and calls for a more broad-based, more minister renewed calls for early talks as all
authoritative and more effective international conflicts have to end at the negotiating table.
peace conference to work out a timetable and China supports the holding in due course
road map for the two-state solution. of an international peace conference that is
recognized by both Russia and Ukraine and
ensures the equal participation of all parties
The vision of building a community with and fair discussions on all peace plans, he said.
a shared future for mankind, put forward In the face of multiple global challenges,
by Chinese President Xi Jinping, goes Wang praised the UN’s role as the core
mechanism to realize peace and development
beyond the obsolete zero-sum game
on the planet, stressing that the role of the UN
mentality and points the right direction should be strengthened, not weakened, and the
for humanity, Wang said at a press status of the UN must be upheld, not replaced.
conference held on the sidelines of the Refuting “Table or Menu”
annual session of the National People’s Mindset
Congress. It shouldn’t be the case that those with the
bigger fist have the final say and it is definitely
A journalist with Xinhua News Agency raised a question at a press conference on the sidelines of the second
session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing on March 7, 2024.

unacceptable that certain countries must be “at This year will be a year of harvest for Global
the table” while some others can only be “on South cooperation and a new starting point
the menu,” Wang told reporters. for unity among Asian, African and Latin
On China-U.S. relations, the senior official American countries, Wang said, adding that
urged the United States to take an objective a new meeting of the Forum on China-Africa
and rational view of China’s development Cooperation will be held in autumn this year
and match its words with actions to honor its in Beijing.
commitments on bilateral ties. To usher in a second golden decade of Belt
“In today’s world, hegemonism finds no and Road cooperation, China will promote
support and division leads nowhere. Major the upgrading of physical connectivity, the
countries should not seek confrontation and strengthening of institutional connectivity
the Cold War should not be allowed to come and the deepening of people-to-people
back,” Wang stressed. connectivity.
China is always willing to strengthen Underlining China’s role as a strong engine
dialogue and communication with the United for growth, Wang noted that China’s economy
States, and believes that the two sides can grew 5.2 percent last year, contributing one-
certainly find a proper way for two different third of the world’s growth, and China’s super
major countries to get along in this world, he large market with over 1.4 billion people is
said. opening wider to the world.
Wang lauded China-Russia relations for At the press conference, Wang announced
their great value in maintaining global strategic a trial visa-free policy for Switzerland, Ireland,
stability, promoting positive interaction among Hungary, Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg,
major countries and strengthening cooperation starting from March 14.
among major emerging countries.
Such functions are part of the significance To usher in a second golden decade of Belt
of China-Russia ties, which have “forged a and Road cooperation, China will promote
new paradigm of major-country relations that
the upgrading of physical connectivity,
differs entirely from the obsolete Cold War
approach,” as he put it. the strengthening of institutional
Wang also expressed hope for smoother connectivity and the deepening of people-
ties and closer partnership between China to-people connectivity.
and the European Union (EU) because “as
long as China and the EU engage in mutually He stated China’s readiness to well develop
beneficial cooperation, no attempt to create international cooperation platforms including
bloc confrontation will succeed; as long as the China International Import Expo and the
China and Europe stay committed to openness China International Fair for Trade in Services,
and win-win, deglobalization will not prevail.” and optimize its business environment.
“Spreading pessimistic views on China
Opportunities Painful to Miss will end up harming oneself, and misjudging
Looking forward, Wang said China will China will result in missed opportunities,”
continue to uphold justice and advance win- Wang said.
win cooperation.
China will maintain stable relations with
major countries, work with its neighbors for QR code of full text of the Member
progress, and strive for revitalization with the of the Political Bureau of the CPC
Global South, according to him. Central Committee and Foreign
Minister Wang Yi Meets the Press

Ma Jia
Understanding
China’s G.D.P
In this article, Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of the Chinese
Embassy in India, captures the essence of the annual
“Two Sessions” through a unique acronym G.D.P. The Two
Sessions conveyed the overarching message that China has
made steady progress in pursuing high-quality development and
boosted overall economic recovery and growth, she writes.
T
he annual plenary sessions of the (US$ 18 trillion), an increase of 5.2%, ranking
National People’s Congress (NPC) and China among the fastest-growing major
the National Committee of the Chinese economies in the world. Per capita disposable
People’s Political Consultative Conference income of residents increased by 6.1%. In rural
(CPPCC), known as the “Two Sessions,” have areas millions have been lifted out of poverty
generated great attention across the world. and per capita grew by 8.4%. China accounted
I would like to share my interpretation of it for over 60% of global electric vehicle output
through “G.D.P”. and sales. There was a 30% increase in exports
of the “new trio” -- electric vehicles, lithium-
“G” for Growth ion batteries, and photovoltaic products.
The Two Sessions conveyed the overarching The Two Sessions also showcased China’s
message that China has made steady progress resolve to pursue higher-level opening up and
in pursuing high-quality development and to share opportunities with the world. China
boosted overall economic recovery and is ready to promote alignment with high-
growth. We withstood pressures and overcame standard international economic and trade
difficulties when the global economic recovery rules, steadily expand institutional opening
was sluggish, geopolitical conflicts were acute, up, increase the volume and raise the quality
and protectionism and unilateralism were of foreign trade. Imports of high-quality goods
on the rise. In 2023, China’s Gross Domestic will be boosted, policies to support border
Product (GDP) surpassed 126 trillion yuan trade will be improved, and we will fully

apply the negative list for cross-border trade
in services. We will intensify efforts to attract
foreign investment and further shorten the
negative list for foreign investment. All market
access restrictions on foreign investment in
manufacturing will be abolished. We will strive
for solid progress in high-quality Belt and Road
cooperation, and deepen multilateral, bilateral,
and regional economic cooperation. We will
foster an open world economy to deliver more
benefits of win-win cooperation to people of all
countries.
China’s main targets for development this
year include: GDP growth of around 5%; over
12 million new urban jobs; growth in personal
income in step with economic growth; a drop
of around 2.5% in energy consumption per
unit of GDP; continued improvements in the
environment. It is worth mentioning that for
the first time, “new quality productive forces”
is showcased in this year’s government work universally beneficial and inclusive economic
report, and tops the list of the ten work tasks globalization. It is definitely unacceptable that
in 2024. It means we should give full rein to certain countries must be at the table while
the leading role of innovation, spur industrial some others can only be on the menu.
innovation by making innovations in science 70 years ago, China and India, together with
and technology and press ahead with new Myanmar, jointly initiated the Five Principles
industrialization. These steps will raise total of Peaceful Coexistence, an innovation in
factor productivity, steadily foster new growth international relations of the 20th century. We
drivers and strengths, and promote a new leap stand ready to work with our neighbours to
forward in the productive forces. carry forward the Five Principles of Peaceful
Coexistence toward building a community
“D” for diplomacy with a shared future for Asia and for mankind.
Building a community with a shared future China was, is and will be a steadfast member of
for mankind is the core tenet of “Xi Jinping the Global South. We go through thick and thin
Thought on Diplomacy.” It is China’s solution and head toward a shared future together with
to the question of what kind of world to build countries of the South. We will be a major force
and how to build it. China is ready to work with for development and prosperity of the Global
all countries to build an open, inclusive, clean South.
and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal Regarding hotspot issues, on the Palestinian-
security and shared prosperity. We believe in Israeli conflict, we call for a more broad-
an equal and orderly multipolar world and a based, more authoritative, and more effective

international peace conference to work out businesses. Statistics show that around 10,000
a timetable and road map for the two-state people were directly involved in the report
solution. On the Ukraine crisis, China supports revision. After its completion, the draft was
the holding of an international peace conference issued and sent to departments, institutions
that is recognized by both Russia and Ukraine and all sectors across China for comment,
and ensures the equal participation of all generating over 1,100 suggestions. In addition,
parties and fair discussions on all peace plans. online media platforms picked up more than
On the Korean Peninsula issue, the imperative 1.6 million comments from netizens and sent
now is to desist from acts of deterrence and the picks to the drafters.
applying pressure, and move out of the spiral Deputies to NPC have actively practiced
of escalating confrontation. The fundamental whole-process people’s democracy and have
solution lies in resuming dialogue and a better understanding of what policies people
negotiation, and addressing the legitimate want and what their needs are through themed
security concerns of all parties, especially those field trips, video talks, face-to-face discussions,
of the DPRK. inspection trips and other flexible ways. In
this way, 230 proposals by NPC deputies
“P” for people were formulated, accounting for 77.2% of the
China stays committed to a people-centered total. A total number of 5,898 proposals were
development philosophy and develops whole- received by the CPPCC this year. Through the
process people’s democracy. In China, all the proposals, speeches at the CPPCC meetings,
people can manage state affairs in all aspects and other measures to reflect the social
of the democratic process and all sectors conditions and public opinion, the CPPCC
of society, and they are truly the masters has leveraged its advantages as a specialized
of the country. Both the system of People’s consultative body, met the requirements set
Congress and the institutions of the People’s by whole-process people’s democracy and
Political Consultative Conference are major developed this democracy.
institutional supporting mechanism and The Harvard Kennedy School’s surveys in
framework for realizing the whole process China which extended over 10 years suggest
people’s democracy. The Two Sessions that the proportion of the Chinese satisfied with
serve as an important platform to reflect the government has stayed over 90 percent.
and deeply practice whole-process people’s China’s democratic system has motivated over
democracy, as well as a significant window 1.4 billion people to modernize the country.
for the international community to understand We have turned the advantage of our system
China’s democracy. into governance efficiency, and whole-process
When drafting the Report on the Work people’s democracy has been a rock-solid
of the Government, which is submitted foundation for the effective governance of
for deliberation at the “Two Sessions”, the China.
government is open to suggestions to fully (Ma Jia is Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of the Chinese
reflect public opinion and respond to the Embassy in India)
concerns of communities, the public and

XICTIONARY
Xi Jinping the
Reformer
Chinese President Xi Jinping applauded the personnel awarded with medals during a grand gathering to
celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on
December 18, 2018.
Placing reform at the centre of his agenda, Chinese President Xi

Jinping has outlined a new development philosophy featuring
innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared growth.
C
hinese leader Xi Jinping has sounded high-quality development and advancing
the clarion call for reform during the Chinese modernization,” President Xi said at
country’s annual key political season, the annual sessions of China’s top legislature
dispelling concerns about whether China’s and top political advisory body, or the “two
reform is “stagnating,” or its economy is sessions,” which wrapped up on March 11.
“losing steam.” Since Xi took the top office more than
“We must plan major moves to deepen a decade ago, China has entered a “new
reform to inject strong impetus into promoting era.” The country’s economic strength has

Xi Jinping, then secretary of the Zhengding County Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), listens
to opinions of villagers in Zhengding County, north China’s Hebei Province, in 1983.
grown, and its international influence has the world’s second-largest economy, with a per-
continued to rise. Reform is the hallmark of capita GDP of over 6,000 dollars. But growth
this era. was shifting gears and many advantages,
In the face of a myriad of challenges, China including the once-low labor costs, had started
is now in a critical period for accelerating to diminish.
reform. Instead of resting on the laurels of his
predecessors, Xi was committed to carrying on
Reform Will Not Stop, Opening- the reform, and he knew how hard it would be.
Up Will Not Cease “The easy part of the job has been done to
Xi is regarded as another outstanding the satisfaction of all. What is left are tough
reformer in the country after Deng Xiaoping. bones that are hard to chew,” he said.
The two leaders faced the same mission
-- to modernize China, but against strikingly With the reform measures, the Chinese
different backdrops. economy has not only sustained robust
When Deng launched the reform and
growth but also more than doubled since
opening-up drive in the late 1970s, China’s per-
capita GDP was only about 200 U.S. dollars. His 2012, cementing the country’s global
push for reforms started almost from scratch. status as a major growth contributor.
In 2012, when Xi was elected general
secretary of the Communist Party of China Over the past decade, more than 2,000
(CPC) Central Committee, China had become reform measures have been rolled out, enabling

the country to eliminate extreme poverty, Like Deng, Xi’s drive for reform also stems
promote integrated urban-rural development, from the people’s aspiration for a better life.
fight corruption, support businesses, boost The reform measures he implemented in
innovation, and push forward a “green Liangjiahe, including introducing biogas,
revolution.” establishing a blacksmith shop and opening
With the reform measures, the Chinese a store selling daily necessities, aimed at
economy has not only sustained robust improving the livelihood of villagers.
growth but also more than doubled since 2012, Xi’s commitment to reform was influenced
cementing the country’s global status as a by his father, Xi Zhongxun, a champion of
major growth contributor. reform and opening-up. In 1978, the senior Xi
China is currently at a critical juncture, was sent to south China’s Guangdong Province
where Xi is leading the country to realize the as a principal official, and later helped build
ambitious “Chinese modernization,” while the country’s first special economic zones
being confronted with major challenges, such including Shenzhen.
as downward economic pressure following Also in 1978, Xi Zhongxun entrusted Xi,
the COVID-19 pandemic, rising protectionism who was studying at Tsinghua University,
and suppression from Western nations, and to conduct on-site research on the household
risks associated with the real estate sector, contract responsibility system in Anhui
local government debts, and some small and Province. He filled an entire notebook with
medium-sized financial institutions. notes, a collection he preserved for many years.
Xi reiterated the significance of reform at Xi’s reputation as a reformer was reinforced
a group study session of the Political Bureau as his political career advanced.
of the CPC Central Committee earlier this
year. Weeks later, at the “two sessions,”
he stressed deepening reforms in various
sectors “to remove the barriers obstructing
the development of new quality productive
forces.”
The crucial role of reform was also
highlighted in this year’s government work
report.
It devoted a section to deepening reform,
with a focus on improvements to systems
underpinning the socialist market economy,
such as property rights protection, market
access, fair competition, and social credit.
“Ultimately, high-quality development
depends on reform,” it wrote.
Looking back, Xi’s commitment to reform
has been consistent.
When he was not even 16, he was sent to
Liangjiahe village in Shaanxi Province to do
farm labor. There, he experienced hunger.
Deng initiated reforms, believing that China
could not remain poor. Xi’s aspiration at that
Xi Jinping lays a flower basket in front of the bronze statue
time was to ensure that his fellow villagers of Deng Xiaoping in Lianhuashan Park in Shenzhen, south
could have enough to eat. China’s Guangdong Province, in December 2012.

The NIO Second Advanced Manufacturing Base in Hefei, east China’s Anhui Province.
In the early 1980s, he initiated reform Xi led reform in the collective forest tenure,
experiments in the impoverished county of which was later expanded nationwide. This
Zhengding, Hebei Province, commencing with initiative is known as another revolutionary
the rural land contract trial, making Zhengding step for China’s rural areas after the household
the first in Hebei to adopt this practice already contract responsibility system.
tested in southern provinces. During his time in Zhejiang Province, Xi
An article published in the “China Youth” proposed an innovative initiative to promote
magazine in 1985 described the county’s development through industrial upgrading.
transformation. It cited a county Party He actively supported private businesses,
secretary from a neighboring province, who and encouraged business people to “come
visited Zhengding, as saying: “Here, you don’t directly” to his office for important matters. He
hear people chanting ‘reform,’ but reform is also extended reforms in Zhejiang beyond the
happening everywhere.” economic sphere, addressing social, cultural,
“Looking back at those years, one of and ecological aspects.
the things we achieved was liberating our
thinking,” Xi said, reflecting on the reforms in “Looking back at those years, one of
Zhengding. the things we achieved was liberating
After Zhengding, Xi was assigned to our thinking,” Xi said, reflecting on the
work in Xiamen, a special economic zone in
Fujian Province, where Xi spearheaded the
reforms in Zhengding.
establishment of China’s first joint-venture Xi’s reformer image left a deep impression
bank -- Xiamen International Bank. After he on international figures. In September 2006,
ascended to the position of governor of Fujian, Henry Paulson, then U.S. treasury secretary,

visited China and chose Hangzhou, capital city Venturing into The Mountain
of Zhejiang, as his first stop. He regarded Xi as
the “perfect choice” for his initial meeting in The reforms led by Xi have been based on
China, describing him as “the kind of guy who thoughtful considerations derived from his
knows how to get things over the goal line.” many years of practice, with a whole set of top-
Paulson later recounted that during a level designs.
meeting with Xi in 2014, the Chinese leader He has invoked the ancient Chinese idiom
stated, “My concern is mainly reform and of “discarding the outdated in favor of the
related issues.” new” to call for action, believing that reform
After assuming the Party’s top post in and innovation are inherent cultural genes of
2012, Xi’s first domestic inspection took him to the Chinese nation.
Shenzhen, following in his father’s footsteps. Xi has been clear-headed regarding the
There, he laid a flower basket at the bronze direction of reform. He has cautioned against
statue of Deng Xiaoping in Lianhuashan copying the political systems of other countries,
Park, declaring a firm commitment to reform: once saying that reform denying socialist
“Reform will not stop, and opening-up will not orientation would only lead to a “dead end.”
cease!” “What cannot be changed must be resolutely
The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC kept unchanged,” he stated.
Central Committee, convened in 2013 under
Xi’s leadership, is heralded as a milestone,
Xi has been pushing through reform in
much like Deng’s Third Plenary Session of the adversity and had to break the blockades
11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, which of vested interests. “We need the courage
ushered in the era of reform. The 2013 event to ‘venture into the mountain despite
marked the dawn of a new era of reform.
During this session, Xi listed a series of
knowing full well there are tigers’ and
challenges facing China’s development, continuously move the reform forward,”
including corruption, unsustainable he said.
development, and environmental issues. He
stressed that “the key to addressing these For what should be changed, Xi has
problems lies in deepening reform.” demanded firm actions, urging creating
The session approved a decision on “major conditions for reform even when they do
issues concerning comprehensively deepening not exist yet. The must-do tasks included
reforms.” A Spanish newspaper commented eliminating all drawbacks that restrict the
that Xi had initiated the most profound vitality of business entities and hinder the full
economic, social, and administrative reforms play of the market.
in China over 30 years. With unprecedented scope, scale and
More than a month later, China announced intensity, Xi’s reforms have covered economic,
the decision to establish the Central Leading political, cultural, social, ecological and Party
Group for Comprehensively Deepening building fields.
Reform, which Xi headed. This marked the He has developed a methodology for
first time in the Party’s history that a leadership reform in the new era: “properly handling the
body exclusively dedicated to reform was relationships between emancipating the mind
established at the central level. Later, this and seeking truth from facts, between advancing
group evolved into the Central Commission as a whole and making breakthroughs in key
for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, with areas, between top-level design and crossing
Xi as its director. the river by feeling the stones, between being

An aerial view of Shibadong Village in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, central China’s Hunan
Province.
bold and maintaining a steady pace, as well as occurred in the provinces of Liaoning, Hunan
balancing reform, development, and stability.” and Sichuan.
He has stressed pursuing reform in a “Corrupt officials allowed bribe-paying
systematic, holistic, and coordinated way and enterprises to illegally obtain projects or
respecting the pioneering spirit of the people. manipulate the market,” said a local official,
Officials have also been told to “establish the citing concerns over the business environment
new before abolishing the old” and ensure in the rustbelt northeastern provinces then.
proper timing and intensity of reform to good Xi initiated an unprecedented anti-
effect. corruption “storm.” The fight against
“He corrected the mentality of measuring corruption is beneficial for purifying the
the success of development simply by GDP “political ecosystem” as well as the “economic
growth and enabled the reform to truly touch
ecosystem,” and is conducive to straightening
the interests of some people,” said an official
out the market order and restoring the market
from Shaanxi.
to what it should be, he said.
He recalled that Xi had issued six instructions
The “zero-tolerance” anti-corruption
to crack down on illegal villa construction by
campaign continues to roar. In 2023, it made
officials in collusion with businesses in the
waves across sectors, including finance, grain,
nature reserves of the Qinling Mountains. It
reflected the local resistance encountered by healthcare, semiconductors, and even sports.
the reform in the ecological field back then. Hundreds of high-ranking government
Xi has been pushing through reform in officials, bank executives and hospital
adversity and had to break the blockades of directors, even figures like the president of the
vested interests. “We need the courage to Chinese Football Association and former head
‘venture into the mountain despite knowing coach of the national men’s football team, were
full well there are tigers’ and continuously investigated or indicted.
move the reform forward,” he said. The revelations, particularly in the football
Around the year when Xi became the sector, were shocking -- bribery could determine
general secretary, vote-buying corruption in the outcome of matches, undermining market-
the election of lawmakers or Party officials based fair competition.

Xi has been focused on reshaping the the Chinese translation of Jordan, in its name
“competition mechanism” through reform. He and product trademarks.
advocated the necessity of reforming the Party, Therefore, Xi’s reforms have not only led
which has been in existence for over a century, to economic transformation. He has asserted
calling for “the most thorough self-revolution.” that the essence of modernization lies in the
Under his leadership, a full and rigorous modernization of people. Fostering “cultural
Party self-governance system was built, and confidence and national pride” among the
a sound system of Party regulations has taken Chinese people has become a key objective of
shape. He improved the inspection system and the reform.
established the national supervision system,
“confining power to an institutional cage.”
Xi pointed out that China’s economy had
He also initiated an unprecedented reform entered a new development stage and
of the Party and state institutions to “address proposed a new development philosophy
major and difficult issues drawing widespread featuring innovative, coordinated, green,
attention.”
This reform further dismantled vested open and shared growth. He initiated the
interests. Xi has called for the resolve to “offend supply-side structural reform, pushing
a few thousand instead of failing the 1.4 billion the economy toward high-quality
Chinese people.”
development and moving to construct a
He propelled the Party’s self-revolution to
guide social change. The Party has taken the new development pattern.
initiative to eliminate institutional deficiencies In 2012, Xi incorporated “cultural
in social development to unlock productive confidence” into the report to the 18th CPC
forces, as explained by Liu Bingxiang, a National Congress. He later integrated
professor at the Party School of the CPC this concept into the “Four Confidences”
Central Committee. of socialism with Chinese characteristics,
In this regard, Xi has advocated fully describing cultural confidence as a “more
advancing law-based governance, striving to fundamental, deeper, and more enduring
solve the long-standing problems of power force.”
outweighing the law and personal relationships Xi’s reforms also signify a reworking of
trumping legal principles. Marxism to adapt to the new era, integrating
He once lashed out at the phenomenon its basic tenets with China’s specific realities
where “money can buy exemption from and fine traditional culture. As a result, China’s
punishment and even buy life.” On another reforms have taken on fresh philosophical
occasion, he said: “The socialist market significance.
economy is an economy based on credit and In his 2017 New Year Message, Xi stated that
the rule of law.” “the main framework of reforms, resembling
He has instructed the formulation and the ‘four beams and eight pillars’ of a house, has
revision of a series of laws, including the Anti- been essentially established in various fields.”
Monopoly Law, which provided the legal basis For those acquainted with traditional Chinese
for the fair competition review system. architecture, this signifies that the house has
taken shape and can be further perfected.
The legal system for intellectual property Xi has directed reforms toward an
rights was also improved. In a typical case in overarching goal: upholding and improving
2020, U.S. basketball legend Michael Jordan the system of socialism with Chinese
won a lawsuit in Shanghai, with a Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s
company ordered to cease using “Qiao Dan,” system and capacity for governance.

This, undoubtedly, takes a long-term and competitiveness of Chinese products have
challenging process to fulfill. improved, many of which have earned
international acclaim, spanning from lithium-
Only Reformers Can Advance, ion batteries and photovoltaic products to
Only Innovators Can Thrive drones. Media have noticed that a growing
In the year when Xi took the top office, number of young Chinese consumers are
China’s annual economic growth rate dropped redirecting their interest from imported
below 8 percent for the first time since 1999. cosmetics to domestic products.
The debt crisis in Europe severely hurt The reform also tackled the challenge of
China’s foreign trade and real estate regulation overcapacity in certain sectors. By the end
dragged down domestic demand. A foreign of 2022, the steel industry had eliminated
bank analyst claimed that “China’s economy outdated and excess capacity totaling around
is facing its most critical moment in nearly 30 300 million tonnes, exceeding twice the size
years.” of the entire crude steel production of India in
that year.
Xi believes that to develop new quality To push forward the supply-side structural
productive forces, it is imperative reform, Xi is leading by example with foresight.
to further deepen reforms to boost A decade ago, most cars on China’s roads were
foreign-brand gasoline vehicles. In 2014, during
sci-tech innovation. He likened China’s an inspection of SAIC Motor, a major Chinese
lack of strong innovation capability to carmaker, he emphasized the significance of
the “Achilles’ heel” of an economic giant. developing products that cater to diverse needs
New quality productive forces align with and highlighted the importance of new energy
vehicles (NEVs) in strengthening China’s
Xi’s earlier vision of an innovation-driven position in the automotive sector.
development strategy. In the following decade, Xi became a big fan
of electric cars, visiting automotive companies,
Xi pointed out that China’s economy touring laboratories, and showing great
had entered a new development stage and interest in experiencing electric cars.
proposed a new development philosophy By the time he visited an NEV company in
featuring innovative, coordinated, green, 2023, the country had already become a global
open and shared growth. He initiated the leader in NEV technology. Every three vehicles
supply-side structural reform, pushing the exported by China included one electric
economy toward high-quality development passenger car, and China’s NEV production
and moving to construct a new development and sales constituted two-thirds of the world’s
pattern. total.
Addressing officials on the significance of The new energy industry is, in fact, part of
the reform to optimize the supply structure, Xi’s vision of new quality productive forces.
Xi cited the story of Chinese tourists buying The phrase “new quality productive forces”
smart toilet seats and rice cookers abroad as has become a fresh buzzword after Xi talked
an example. At that time, Chinese people were about it during his recent inspection trips, but
enthusiastic about purchasing a multitude of he started to promote it much earlier.
goods overseas, from luxury items to daily Back in the 1970s in the village of Liangjiahe,
necessities. Meanwhile, a large number of Xi took the lead in introducing biogas-
domestic products were struggling to find generating facilities to Shaanxi, allowing
buyers. villagers to use biogas for lighting and cooking,
After years of supply-side structural replacing the traditional way of burning wood.
reform under Xi’s watch, the quality and This early initiative can be considered an

An aerial view of Yundang Lake and its surroundings in Xiamen, southeast China’s Fujian Province.
example of leveraging new quality productive innovation measures were rolled out to
forces during that time. encourage enterprises to intensify research
In 2024, developing new quality productive and development, apply sci-tech research
forces was written into the government work achievements in the real world, and refine the
report for the first time. This is widely believed management of major sci-tech projects. He also
as the recognition that the economic growth pushed for the establishment of a new system
model primarily driven by low-cost labor, for mobilizing resources nationwide to make
extensive yet inefficient investment, external key technological breakthroughs.
demand and excessive resource consumption
can no longer be sustained, and China Xi strongly opposes cumbersome
must actively cultivate new technologies,
government approvals. While working
new business models and future industries
to enhance the quality and efficiency of in Fuzhou of Fujian, he pioneered a
development. mechanism that enabled all procedures
“The concept has provided fresh hope and for investment project approval to be
impetus for China to speed up its economic
completed in a single building.
transformation,” said a column article
published in the South China Morning Post. The effects are evident, with China’s ranking
Xi believes that to develop new quality in the Global Innovation Index, published by
productive forces, it is imperative to further the World Intellectual Property Organization,
deepen reforms to boost sci-tech innovation. jumping from 34th in 2012 to 12th last year.
He likened China’s lack of strong innovation Data issued in 2023 showed that China in
capability to the “Achilles’ heel” of an economic 2022 overtook the United States for the first
giant. New quality productive forces align time as the No. 1 ranked country or territory
with Xi’s earlier vision of an innovation-driven for contributions to research articles published
development strategy. in the Nature Index group of high-quality
“Only reformers can advance, only natural science journals.
innovators can thrive, and only those who Telecom giant Huawei successfully
reform and innovate will prevail,” Xi stressed. launched its new high-end smartphones last
Under his guidance, a slew of pro- year, which demonstrated the limited effects of

U.S. “extreme pressure” on Chinese high-tech of the top 10 economies with the most notable
firms. improvement in the business environment for
Nevertheless, there is yet much work to be two years in a row.
done. Xi has cautioned that “basic research is In January 2019, construction started
the source of sci-tech innovation. Although for Tesla’s Shanghai Gigafactory, and the
China has made significant progress in basic automaker started delivering the first batch
research, the distance with the international of China-made Model 3 electric cars built
advanced level remains evident.” at the factory in December 2019, a pace of
He has called for further support for basic development praised by Tesla CEO Elon Musk.
research and original innovation, with a Xi is well-acquainted with the challenging
focus on ground-breaking and cutting-edge situation faced by private enterprises. He
technologies. instructed the establishment of a private
economy development bureau under the
Unleashing Power of Market country’s top economic planner to provide
When Xi assumed the Party’s top post, assistance to private enterprises facing
two decades had passed since the concept difficulties.
of building a socialist market economy was Xi also emphasized the need to promote
introduced. financial reforms to facilitate financing
However, doing business remained a for private enterprises. He stressed the
challenging endeavor. In 2014, a lawmaker importance of encouraging private capital to
attending local “two sessions” revealed that enter industries and sectors where entry is not
a single investment project, from acquiring explicitly prohibited by laws and regulations.
land to completing all administrative approval Under Xi’s instruction, the system
procedures, required more than 30 government of a negative list for market access was
approvals and over a hundred stamps. The comprehensively implemented, allowing entry
entire process took a minimum of 272 working into areas not explicitly prohibited by the list.
days. By the end of 2023, the number of registered
Xi strongly opposes cumbersome business entities nationwide reached 184
government approvals. While working in million, more than three times the figure in
Fuzhou of Fujian, he pioneered a mechanism 2012.
that enabled all procedures for investment From 2012 to 2023, the number of private
project approval to be completed in a single enterprises in China more than quadrupled,
building. and the proportion of private enterprises in the
As the country’s top leader, he advocated total number of enterprises increased from less
that “the market plays the decisive role in than 80 percent to over 92 percent.
resource allocation and the government plays During that period, privately-owned banks
its role better.” received approval for establishment, a high-
Over the years, the State Council has speed rail controlled by private capital began
canceled or delegated to lower-level authorities operation, private investment was permitted to
the power of administrative approval for enter the oil and gas exploration and production
over 1,000 items and slashed the number of sector, and a private rocket company achieved
investment items subject to central government success in launching a rocket from the sea.
approval by over 90 percent. While reinforcing the Party’s leadership,
“Let the vitality that creates wealth burst Xi initiated market-oriented reforms for state-
forth, and let the power of the market be fully owned enterprises (SOEs). In 2017, China
unleashed,” said Xi. Unicom, as the first centrally-administered
The results of the reforms are remarkable, SOE in the telecommunications industry to
as China was ranked by the World Bank as one open up to private capital, introduced 14

strategic investors, including internet titans governments and major enterprises like China
Tencent, Baidu, JD.com, and Alibaba, in the Evergrande Group. These moves safeguarded
“mixed-ownership reform.” the interests of the people and ensured the
A three-year action plan for SOE reform smooth operation of the market.
converted SOEs into limited liability companies
or companies limited by shares. Some 38,000 Making People’s Priorities
SOEs established boards of directors. his Own
International media have noticed that Xi emphasizes that the ultimate goal of
China’s reform has been advancing in step with reform is for the people’s well-being. He has
changes in the situation. A trade war waged by pledged to make people’s priorities his own
the United States, the global pandemic, and and act on their wishes. This is different from
increased geopolitical tensions have tested the the “capital first” stance.
resilience of China’s economy. The country is
also transforming its economic development
model.
Xi has led China to accelerate building
the new development pattern, which takes
the domestic market as the mainstay while
allowing domestic and international markets
to reinforce each other.
A key support for this strategy is the
establishment of a unified national market.
To achieve this, a series of reforms are being
implemented to eliminate local protectionism
and dismantle regional barriers.
Xi has made “institutional opening-up”
a priority. In one such move, China has
lifted foreign ownership limits for securities
companies, management companies of
securities investment funds, futures companies,
This photo shows an interior view of Beijing Library.
and life insurance companies.
Meanwhile, he is cautious about disorderly He recognized that after more than 30
capital expansion, market manipulation, and years of reform and opening-up, the principal
pursuit of exorbitant profits in certain areas. contradiction facing Chinese society had
He said it harms the interests of the people. undergone significant changes. “What we now
He proposed setting “traffic lights” face is the contradiction between unbalanced
for capital flows, ensuring that “financial and inadequate development and the people’s
magnates” do not act unscrupulously while ever-growing needs for a better life,” Xi said
still allowing capital to function properly as a in 2017.
production factor. In response to this change, he advocates
This indicates that China’s reform is no for coordinated and shared development, and
longer solely focused on growth but considers is committed to achieving Deng’s vision of
a more balanced approach. “common prosperity.”
Under Xi’s leadership, China has effectively When Xi assumed the Party’s top post, there
addressed risks in shadow banking and were significant disparities between China’s
internet finance. Efforts have been made eastern and western regions, and wealth
to resolve debt risks associated with local inequality was severe.

He has transformed the poverty relief workers lived. He was happy to learn that
strategy, implementing “targeted poverty migrants were settling down in the metropolis.
elimination.” In less than 10 years, China “Great! Stay, settle down, and strive for a
eradicated absolute poverty in rural areas, a better life,” he said.
problem that had persisted for thousands of Under Xi’s leadership, China scrapped the
years in the country. reeducation-through-labor system, which had
In April 2012, just months before Xi took the been in operation for over half a century.
top office, a tragic incident occurred in Beijing’s
neighboring Hebei Province, where a farmer Xi advocated for the comprehensive
cut off his leg by himself due to illness and elimination of markups on drugs and
concerns over unaffordable medical treatment. medical consumables that had been
Many impoverished farmers had few ways to
deal with serious illnesses at that time.
in place for over 60 years, reducing
Xi has initiated reforms in the rural patient healthcare costs. Government
healthcare system to ensure that people in departments acted on his call and formed
the vast rural areas have access to medical a work team to negotiate drug and
treatment. The campaigns have significantly
reduced cases of illness-induced poverty.
consumable prices with pharmaceutical
Almost all low-income people and individuals companies.
just lifted out of poverty in rural areas now
have medical insurance. In response to demographic changes,
China’s reforms started in rural areas in the China has adjusted its population and family
1970s, and Xi’s reform initiatives regarding planning policies accordingly. Reforms have
agriculture, rural areas, and farmers encompass been carried out to ensure better and more
a broader range of changes. equitable education. Additionally, Xi has
He has established a sound mechanism for spearheaded the establishment of the world’s
stable grain production to ensure that “China’s largest social security system and initiated
food supply remains firmly in its own hands,” reforms in basic elderly care services.
improved the village business environment, With a belief that “people’s health is the
and promoted rural revitalization across the primary indicator of modernization,” Xi called
board. for studying and promoting the practice in
In the early 2000s, Xi proposed in an the city of Sanming in Fujian to address the
academic paper bold reforms to the household challenge of healthcare reform.
registration system to eliminate various social Xi advocated for the comprehensive
and economic disparities as well as the division elimination of markups on drugs and medical
of the urban and rural labor markets caused by consumables that had been in place for over
the system. 60 years, reducing patient healthcare costs.
At that time, there was considerable Government departments acted on his call
controversy over whether or not to abolish and formed a work team to negotiate drug
household registration restrictions. and consumable prices with pharmaceutical
In 2016, the central government rolled out companies.
a plan to grant urban residency to some 100 In a widely circulated online video of price
million people from rural areas and other negotiation in 2021, representatives from the
permanent residents without local household National Healthcare Security Administration
registration, which was fulfilled ahead of insisted that “no minority group of patients
schedule. should be abandoned,” and managed to cut
During an inspection trip to Shanghai in the price of a life-saving drug for a rare disease
2023, Xi visited the apartments where migrant from about 700,000 yuan per shot to 33,000

yuan per shot after eight rounds of intense inviolable “red line,” introduced inspections
negotiations. on ecological and environmental protection
This drug was then included in China’s by central authorities, and asked local officials
medical insurance catalog, igniting hope for to be responsible for the protection of rivers,
over 30,000 patients nationwide. Similar price lakes and forests as their “chiefs.”
cuts for hundreds of drugs have cumulatively Under Xi’s leadership, China became the
saved the public some 500 billion yuan in country with the fastest improvement in air
medical expenses. quality, the largest increase in forest resources,
Xi has a fascination with history and culture and the largest area of afforestation globally.
and is a frequenter of museums, having visited The country has also held a steady position
almost all of the museums in Beijing during his as the world leader in installed capacities
childhood. for hydro, wind, solar, and biomass power
Over the past decade, China has generation amid his campaign to revolutionize
significantly increased funding for cultural the energy field.
relics preservation, sparking a cultural and China has also developed the world’s
museum boom nationwide. There are over largest carbon market and vowed to achieve
3,300 public libraries and more than 10,000 carbon neutrality after carbon peaking in a
cultural centers and museums nationwide. much shorter time than developed countries.
Tickets for museums are often in high demand, “Green and low-carbon development is the
especially during holidays. order of the day, and those who follow it will
Xi’s reform in the cultural sector emphasizes prosper,” he said.
enriching the “spiritual world” of the people Xi believes that protecting the environment
as an essential requirement for Chinese and ecology is vital to sustaining the Chinese
modernization. This involves refining cultural nation’s development and is also crucial for
industry planning and policies, and nurturing protecting the Earth, which is “our one and
new cultural business forms and cultural only home.”
consumption patterns.
As a result, the film industry has seen fast Forging Ahead with Courage
development in recent years. The number of “No other country around the world can
cinema screens in the country has multiplied comprehensively advance reform in the
from about 13,000 in 2012 to over 86,000 now, same way as present-day China does, with
the highest on Earth. a commitment to its promises and a sense of
Another ground-breaking reform led by Xi urgency,” said a report by the Singaporean
occurred in the ecological domain. newspaper Lianhe Zaobao.
When Xi took office as the general secretary According to the 2023 Edelman Trust
in 2012, environmental pollution was one of the Barometer, a survey by consulting firm
most common complaints among the public. Edelman, China’s overall trust level was 83,
At the start of that year, a river in Guangxi ranking first among all surveyed countries.
Zhuang Autonomous Region reported China was the only country among those
cadmium pollution, endangering the drinking surveyed that expressed optimism about
water safety of over a million people. Several economic prospects, according to the survey.
high-profile “not-in-my-backyard” incidents Observers believe that it is because Xi
occurred across the country during the year. himself is the helmsman of reform in the new
Xi, known for environmental initiatives era that the socialist market economy heralded
in Xiamen to clean up Yundang Lake and in by Deng can continue.
Hangzhou to protect West Lake, established Xi has ignited the engine propelling China on
the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, set an irreversible journey toward modernization.
ecological and environmental protection as an This is undoubtedly one of the most far-

reaching reforms in human history. In the early equal access to basic services. These initiatives
1990s, Deng’s proclamation of “development is are expected to further unpack tremendous
the absolute principle” liberated and developed business opportunities in a market of over 1.4
China’s social productive forces, enhancing billion people.
China’s comprehensive national strength. China is pushing for accession to the
Xi has held that high-quality development Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement
is the unyielding principle of the new era, for Trans-Pacific Partnership.
and initiated a comprehensive and systematic A Ministry of Commerce spokesperson
transformation in China, which has contributed said that China is willing to deepen reforms
to the re-balancing of the world economy. continuously, strive to meet the high standards
He has advocated for building a world required by the agreement, and make high-
economy that is innovative, invigorated, level opening-up commitments beyond its
interconnected and inclusive, injecting new existing practices in the area of market access.
vitality into global development. There are reasons to be optimistic about the
Last year, China’s economy grew by 5.2 prospects of reforms under the leadership of
percent, contributing one-third of global Xi.
growth. The country’s economic engine This optimism is not only based on China’s
remains strong. The “next China,” according enormous economic and market size but also
to many analysts, is still China, when looking
the unified leadership of the Party with Xi at
for investment destinations.
the core. The CPC has the guts for self-reform
What and how will China reform in the
and is capable of turning blueprints into
future? The question is drawing worldwide
concrete actions.
attention.
Furthermore, China is still a developing
Reforms aimed at promoting new quality
country with substantial growth space and
productive forces will bring about a new
potential.
emancipation of the mind. Zhao Zhenhua,
Some Western observers perceive China’s
director of the Department of Economics of the
growing economic strength as a threat and
Party School of the CPC Central Committee,
China’s large market as a “tool of economic
said that fostering new quality relations of
production that adapt to new quality productive coercion,” fueling the attempt to decouple with
forces is indeed a profound revolution, or impose a blockade on China. These views
involving elements such as ownership of need to be changed.
means of production, distribution, and people’s China’s reforms are not intended to change
positions in production. or challenge the world order. Instead, the
This year’s “two sessions” sent the signal country is actively engaging in and impacting
that China plans to establish “pilot reform zones global economic governance, upholding
for building a high-standard socialist market fairness and justice on the world stage.
economy.” The goal is to foster “a world-class Xi has inherited and carried forward Deng’s
business environment that is market-oriented, legacy through comprehensively deepening
law-based, and internationalized,” where reform. This not only created economic
SOEs, private businesses, and foreign-funded miracles but also displayed the charm of the
companies all play an important role in China’s Chinese culture, contributing to the creation of
modernization drive. a new form of human civilization.
In addition, new reform measures will be “Our modernization is both the most
introduced to foster new industrial growth challenging and the greatest,” said Xi. “This is
engines, promote consumption growth, an unprecedented path, but we will continue
expand the middle-income group, and ensure to explore it and forge ahead with courage.”

Governance: Putting
People at the Center
The concept of people-centered governance has found a new
energy in Chinese President Xi Jinping’s style of governance.
This fits in with the founding mission of Chinese Communists to
seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the
Chinese nation.
C
hinese President Xi
Jinping has consistently
emphasized the
significance of the people,
unwaveringly adhering to the
principle of “putting people at
the center” in his governance
approach.
The concept of people-
centered governance has long
been a central tenet of Chinese
culture. The original aspiration
and founding mission of
Chinese Communists is to
seek happiness for the Chinese
people and rejuvenation Under Xi’s leadership, China has
for the Chinese nation. Serving the people successfully helped around 100 million people
wholeheartedly has been the fundamental leave absolute poverty behind in less than a
purpose of the century-old Communist Party decade, winning the battle against absolute
of China (CPC). poverty in the country with 1.4 billion people.
In October 2015, Xi proposed the In doing so, the country has achieved the goal
philosophy of people-centered development of building a moderately prosperous society in
for the first time at a key meeting of the CPC. all respects.
He later said it is a philosophy that should be In China, the average life expectancy of
followed in “everything we do in advancing its people has reached 78.2 years, and over 1
economic and social development.” billion people are connected to the internet.
Xi himself has always placed the people at Furthermore, the country has established
the forefront of his heart. He treats the “little the world’s largest education system, social
things,” such as warm accommodation, hot security system, and healthcare system.
meals, fresh air, and even rural toilet facilities, “Our goal is both inspiring and simple.
not as trivialities but significant aspects of his Ultimately, it is about delivering a better life
state governance. for the people,” Xi said.

High-Quality Development
Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, pursuing high-quality development
has become a key requirement for Chinese authorities when
formulating economic policies.
C
hinese President Xi Jinping has always people’s ever-growing desire for a better life.
put “high-quality development” among It reflects the new development philosophy
the top of his governance agenda, featuring innovative, coordinated, green, open
highlighting it as the first and foremost task and shared development.
in China’s efforts to build a modern socialist During China’s annual central economic
country in all respects. work conference last December, Xi said:
Xi made a significant judgment in 2017 that “It is imperative to uphold high-quality
China’s economy had been transitioning from development as the unyielding principle of the
a phase of rapid growth to a stage of high- new era.”
quality development.
He noted that China had reached a critical
stage in transforming its growth model and was
faced with prominent problems such as rising
labor costs, growing constraints from resources
and the environment, unsustainable models of
extensive development, and impediments in
the economic flows.
Since then, pursuing high-quality
development has become a key requirement
for Chinese authorities when formulating
economic policies, leading to sweeping changes
including rapid technological advancement,
burgeoning green industries and wider market
access for foreign investors.
In essence, high-quality development means
a change from seeking growth to seeking better
growth.
In Xi’s view, high-quality development
is the kind of development that can meet the

Chinese Modernization
China has pioneered a new and uniquely Chinese path to
modernization, and created a new model for human civilization,
says Chinese President Xi Jinping.
P
resident Xi Jinping has expounded
Chinese modernization at various
settings -- be it domestic inspections or
international gatherings.
Xi, also general secretary of the Communist
Party of China (CPC) Central Committee
and chairman of the Central Military
Commission, first introduced the concept of
Chinese modernization, or “Chinese path to
modernization,” in a speech he gave to mark
the Party’s centennial in July 2021.
“As we have upheld and developed
socialism with Chinese characteristics and
driven coordinated progress in material, positioned realizing the second centenary goal
political, cultural-ethical, social, and ecological and advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese
terms, we have pioneered a new and uniquely nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to
Chinese path to modernization, and created a modernization as the Party’s central task.
new model for human civilization,” Xi said in Five features of Chinese modernization were
the speech. clarified in the same report: modernization of
Proclaiming the realization of the first a huge population, common prosperity for all,
centenary goal of building a moderately material and cultural-ethical advancement,
prosperous society in all respects in the same harmony between humanity and nature, and
speech, Xi announced that China is marching peaceful development.
toward the second centenary goal of building The implications of Chinese modernization
itself into a great modern socialist country reach beyond the borders of China. The practice
in all respects by 2049, the 100th founding expands the channels for developing countries
anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. to achieve modernization and provides a
The report to the 20th CPC National Chinese solution for humanity in exploring a
Congress delivered by Xi in October 2022 better social system, according to Xi.

Whole-Process People’s
Democracy
In contrast to the Western model, the whole-process people’s
democracy, as exemplified in the “Two Sessions” truly
integrates law-based democratic elections, consultations,
decision-making, management, and oversight.
T
he annual sessions of China’s national They engage in in-depth deliberations
legislature and political advisory body, and heated discussions, focusing on a wide
or the “two sessions,” are one of the range of topics such as income distribution,
most significant events in the Chinese political education, medical care, housing, elderly care,
calendar, providing a window to observe the and child care.
ideas and practices of whole-process people’s Just as Xi once said, democracy is not
democracy. an ornament to be put on display, but an
The concept of “whole-process people’s instrument for addressing the issues that
democracy” was first put forward by Chinese concern the people.
President Xi Jinping during an inspection China enables its people to participate in
tour of Shanghai in 2019. While visiting a the “whole process” of the administration of
community-level legislative outreach office state affairs, and allows its people to engage
there, Xi said people’s democracy in China is in real democracy to efficiently address and
a type of whole-process democracy. He has on resolve issues.
many occasions emphasized the importance of Xi called whole-process people’s democracy
this democracy. “the defining feature of socialist democracy,”
The concept of whole-process people’s and said it is democracy “in its broadest, most
democracy is a result of the creative genuine, and most effective form.”
evolution and development of the wisdom
of political philosophy in the fine traditional
Chinese culture. In contrast to the Western
model, where democracy and elections
are frequently equated, the whole-process
people’s democracy truly integrates law-based
democratic elections, consultations, decision-
making, management, and oversight through
a series of laws and institutional arrangements.
The essence of the people’s democracy is
that people get to discuss their own affairs to
reach the greatest common ground based on
the wishes and needs of the entire society.
Take the “two sessions” as an example,
national lawmakers and political advisors
representing diverse backgrounds, ethnicities
and professions convene in Beijing to discharge
their responsibilities.

New Quality Productive
Forces
With innovation playing a key role in the Chinese economy,
Chinese President Xi Jinping has stressed on new quality
productive forces that feature high-tech, high efficiency and high
quality in line with the new development philosophy.
C
hinese President Xi Jinping has stressed He called for efforts to step up innovation,
developing new quality productive foster emerging industries, adopt forward-
forces amid the country’s accelerated thinking plans for developing future-oriented
efforts to foster new growth drivers and industries and improve the modern industrial
promote high-quality development. system.
First put forward by Xi in his inspection
tour of northeast China’s Heilongjiang New quality productive forces are
Province in September 2023, the term was driven by revolutionary technological
highlighted again at the Central Economic breakthroughs, innovative allocation of
Work Conference in December, and became
the subject of the first group study session
production factors, and deep industrial
held by the Political Bureau of the Communist transformation and upgrading, he
Party of China (CPC) Central Committee this noted.
year.
With innovation playing the leading role, Developing new quality productive forces
new quality productive forces mean advanced does not mean neglecting or abandoning
productivity that is freed from traditional traditional industries, Xi said, noting that it
economic growth mode and productivity is necessary to prevent a headlong rush into
development paths, features high-tech, high projects and the formation of industry bubbles,
efficiency and high quality, and comes in and avoid adopting just a single model of
line with the new development philosophy, development.
Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central China has made strides in boosting sci-
Committee, said at the study session. tech innovation and industrial upgrading. Its
New quality productive forces are driven global ranking in innovation has increased
by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, markedly over the past decade, while strategic
innovative allocation of production factors, emerging industries, such as new energy,
and deep industrial transformation and high-end equipment and biotechnology, have
upgrading, he noted. taken a larger share in the national economic
Xi highlighted the concept again March output.
5 when participating in a deliberation at the “Developing new quality productive
ongoing annual national legislative session, forces is an intrinsic requirement and an
stressing developing new quality productive important focus of promoting high-quality
forces based on local conditions. development,” Xi once said.

CHINA AND THE WORLD
Breaking New Ground

in Major-Country Diplomacy
with Chinese Characteristics
The Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs
identified the theme of China’s external work as building a
community with a shared future for mankind and set the noble
goal pursued by China in conducting major-country diplomacy
with Chinese characteristics. In this context, Xi Jinping Thought
on Diplomacy has increasingly demonstrated its extraordinary
theoretical quality of keeping in sync with and leading the times.
mission of China’s external work on the new

journey, and made comprehensive plans for
China’s external work for the present and
coming periods. The conference identified the
theme of China’s external work as building a
community with a shared future for mankind,
set the noble goal pursued by China in
conducting major-country diplomacy with
Chinese characteristics, and laid out the top-
level plan for China’s diplomatic strategies
on the new journey ahead. Practiced and
developed over the first decade of the new
era, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy has
increasingly demonstrated its extraordinary
A
t the end of December 2023, the theoretical quality of keeping in sync with and
Central Conference on Work Relating leading the times, a testament that our Party’s
to Foreign Affairs was successfully understanding of China’s relations with the
held. General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered world has reached a new and higher level.
an important address at the conference, We must study and implement the
in which he presented a comprehensive guiding principles of the conference, follow
review of the historic achievements and the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on
valuable experience of major-country Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the
diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in New Era, especially Xi Jinping Thought on
the new era, gave a profound exposition on Diplomacy, act with a stronger sense of
the international environment and historical historical responsibility and a more vibrant

spirit of innovation to make new headway in new era. It is a shining example of applying
our major-country diplomacy with Chinese the basic tenets of Marxism to the practice
characteristics, and create a more favorable of China’s diplomacy and fine traditional
international environment and provide more Chinese culture. It has not only built on the
solid strategic support for building China proud diplomatic tradition of New China but
into a great modern socialist country in all also kept abreast of the times, broken new
respects and advancing the great rejuvenation ground and opened up new vistas in China’s
of the Chinese nation on all fronts through the diplomatic theory and practice.
Chinese path to modernization. Second, head-of-state diplomacy offers
I strategic guidance. General Secretary Xi
A summary was made at the Central Jinping is the core of the CPC Central Committee
Conference on Work Relating to Foreign and the entire CPC, and the top decision-maker
Affairs of the historic achievements of China’s and chief architect of our external work. As
external work in the new era. They include the highest form of China’s diplomacy, head-
the following ten points: establishing and of-state diplomacy has played an important
developing Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy; and irreplaceable role in major-country
showcasing distinct Chinese characteristics, diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the
style and ethos in China’s diplomacy; advocating new era, achieving exemplary and landmark
the building of a community with a shared diplomatic results and fully reflecting China’s
future for mankind; creating a new model of image as a confident, open and responsible
diplomacy led by the strategic guidance of head- major country. It is thanks to the great foresight
of-state diplomacy; fostering major-country and statesmanship of General Secretary Xi
dynamics featuring peaceful coexistence, Jinping that China has been able to pursue
overall stability and balanced development; its diplomacy against all odds amid the
forming a wide-ranging, high-quality global great transformation of the world, and to
network of partnerships; advancing high- remain calm, confident and proactive in the
quality Belt and Road cooperation; effectively context of a changing international landscape.
upholding China’s sovereignty, security and Third, building a community with a
development interests; showing the way in shared future for mankind stands as the
reforming the international system and order; bright banner. General Secretary Xi Jinping,
and strengthening the centralized, unified with his broad strategic insight, extraordinary
leadership of the Central Committee of the political wisdom and deep commitment to the
Communist Party of China (CPC). To fully world as the leader of a major party and a major
appreciate the extraordinary historical process country, has gained a deep understanding of
of China’s diplomacy in the new era, the key is the prevailing trends and laws governing the
to understand the basic thread and underlying evolution of human society, ingeniously put
logic of these ten achievements in a multi- forth the vision of building a community
dimensional, systemic and interconnected with a shared future for mankind, and charted
manner. the right course for the world at a historical
First, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy inflection point. Building a community with a
serves as the fundamental guideline. Xi shared future for mankind is the core tenet of
Jinping Thought on Diplomacy is based on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. It reflects
General Secretary Xi Jinping’s profound the high consistency of the CPC’s founding
strategic thinking about changes of the world, aspiration and mission with the trend of our
of our times and of historical significance, and times, and embodies the broadest common
rooted in the great practice of major-country expectations of people around the globe for
diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the a better world. With tremendous theoretical

value and far-reaching historical significance, China’s responsibility as a major country,
this vision is gaining increasingly strong apply systems thinking, uphold fundamental
influence, vitality and appeal. principles and break new ground, carry
Fourth, CPC leadership provides the forward our fighting spirit, and leverage our
fundamental safeguard. CPC leadership institutional strengths.
is our greatest political strength and the On major issues of right and wrong, it
defining feature of socialism with Chinese is imperative to uphold principles. China
characteristics. It is also the most fundamental is a socialist country led by the CPC. We
principle and greatest source of strength should take a clear position by standing on the
for China’s diplomacy. Since the 18th CPC progressive side of history and on the side of
National Congress in 2012, three Central fairness and justice, work actively to meet the
Conferences on Work Relating to Foreign common aspirations and legitimate concerns
Affairs and one symposium on neighborhood of people of all countries, and demonstrate
diplomacy have been convened; the the people-centeredness of the CPC and the
system and mechanisms for the leadership commitment to serving the people in China’s
by the CPC Central Committee over the foreign policy. This way, we will always rally
external work have been improved; and abundant support for the just cause, hold
the Law on Foreign Relations and the the high ground of justice and have strategic
guidelines on the CPC’s leadership over initiative.
foreign affairs have been promulgated. All On promoting peaceful development, it is
this has ensured greater coordination among imperative to shoulder China’s responsibility
various departments under the unified as a major country. It is incumbent on
stewardship of the CPC central leadership, China, the biggest developing country
thereby providing strong political and and a major country, to uphold justice in a
organizational safeguards for China’s world undergoing profound changes and
diplomacy in the new era. turbulence and to shoulder responsibility
Major-country diplomacy with Chinese at critical moments, and hence be a firm
characteristics in the new era builds on and defender of world peace and champion of
carries forward New China’s diplomacy. global development. At the same time, and
Withstanding high winds and choppy waters and through Chinese modernization, we are ready
overcoming various difficulties and challenges, to be helpful in the efforts of other developing
we have, in our external work, provided countries that want to achieve development
strong leadership in the development of while preserving their independence, so that
the world, shaped our country’s external all countries will be able to embark on the right
environment profoundly and gained much path toward modernization through peaceful
more strategic autonomy and initiative in our development.
diplomacy. China has become a responsible On making strategies and policies, it is
major country with enhanced international imperative to apply systems thinking. The
influence, stronger capacity to steer new CPC, a Marxist party armed with theories of
endeavors and greater moral appeal. dialectical and historical materialism, should
II know how to analyze, study and assess
On the basis of reviewing the historic international situation with the understanding
achievements of China’s diplomacy in the that things are universally connected and
new era, “six imperatives” has been identified constantly evolving. We should be able to see
at the Conference as new experience and the present from a historical perspective and
understanding of the external work, i.e. it is look beyond the surface to get to the crux of
imperative to uphold principles, shoulder issues, so as to discern and analyze accurately

the laws and direction of the profoundly in conducting major-country diplomacy
changing world, and make sound foreign with Chinese characteristics in the new era,
policies. further enriching and developing Xi Jinping
On making progress in both theories Thought on Diplomacy. Having been tested
and practices, it is imperative to uphold repeatedly in practice, the “six imperatives”
fundamental principles and break new demonstrates the political, theoretical and
ground. In our external work, we should not institutional strengths of the CPC, and
only carry forward the fine traditions but also reflects the CPC’s inherent internationalist
blaze new ground. We need to draw on past vision and its historic mission of pursuing
achievements in steering new endeavors which, world harmony. It is an invaluable asset that
in turn, consolidate the progress we have made. we must hold dear and an important guide for
Over the years, China’s diplomatic work has our external work on the new journey ahead.
withstood numerous tests, accomplished no III
small number of key and major tasks, and made The Conference reached important
a series of significant breakthroughs. Facts conclusions on the strategic environment for
have proven that it is the outstanding character China’s future development. It was pointed
and defining feature of China’s diplomacy to out that great transformation is accelerating
advance with the times and break new ground across the world. Changes of the world, of
while upholding fundamental principles. our times, and of historical significance are
On addressing risks and challenges, it unfolding like never before, and the world
is imperative to carry forward our fighting has entered a new period of turbulence and
spirit. The CPC has never been deterred by transformation. Yet the overall direction of
intimidation, swayed by fallacies, or cowed by human development and progress will not
pressure. Only with the courage and ability to change, the overall dynamics of world history
carry on our fight, can we overcome various moving forward amid twists and turns will not
difficulties and obstacles. Going forward, we change, and the overall trend toward a shared
will face an even more severe international future for the international community will not
situation and more complex external change. We must have full confidence in these
environment. We must forge ahead with an trends of historical impact. These important
indomitable spirit and tenacious efforts to conclusions are based on in-depth analyses of
open up new horizons in our external work. the major changes in the international balance
On strengthening coordination, it is of power, of the transformation and reshaping
imperative to leverage our institutional of the international system and order, and
strengths. The greatest strength of the system of the interplay between different concepts
of socialism with Chinese characteristics is and ideas on a global scale. They provide
the leadership of the CPC. By upholding important guidance for our understanding of
and strengthening the centralized, unified the international situation.
leadership of the CPC Central Committee over Going forward, China faces new strategic
the external work, we will be able to ensure opportunities in its development. On the
smoother coordination and collaboration new journey, major-country diplomacy with
among all regions and all departments, Chinese characteristics will enter a new stage
advance and implement major strategic plans where much more can be accomplished.
more forcefully, and achieve even greater We must not be complacent about our past
success in China’s diplomacy. achievements, or be intimidated by the high
The “six imperatives” captures succinctly winds and choppy waters in the external
the new developments and practices of environment. Instead, we must keep our
Chinese diplomacy in the last five years. It is eyes on realizing Chinese modernization,
a thorough account of our basic experience forge ahead with great enterprise and write a

new chapter in the history of major-country Civilization Initiative (GCI); and the platform
diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. We for action is high-quality Belt and Road
must focus on the central task of the CPC and cooperation. On this basis, we hope to work
the country, seek progress while maintaining with countries of the world to meet challenges
stability, break new ground while upholding and achieve prosperity for all. Such is the top-
fundamental principles, and firmly safeguard level design of China’s diplomatic strategy on
China’s sovereignty, security and development the new journey.
interests. We will explore new frontiers in Since the 18th National Congress, our
China’s diplomatic theory and practice, foster Party has endeavored to come up with
new dynamics in the relations between China systematic answers to the “three epochal
and the world, and raise China’s international questions” concerning the course of the Party,
influence, appeal and ability to shape events the country and governance. Building on this
to a new level. effort and bearing the future of the world
At the same time, we must always remember in mind, General Secretary Xi Jinping has
that China remains a developing country, raised the question of our times: Where
and faces arduous tasks regarding reform, should humanity be heading? His answer to
development and stability. In conducting the question—building a community with a
diplomacy, we must stay committed to our shared future for mankind—encapsulates how
political character, focus on our central tasks China proposes to solve the questions of what
and serve the overall national interests. We kind of world to build and how to build
must keep enhancing our capabilities for it. The proposal of this important vision of
strategic thinking, operational planning and building a community with a shared future for
emergency response, with a view to creating a mankind and China’s practice to implement
more favorable international environment for it has elevated the Party’s understanding of
building China into a great modern socialist the laws governing the development of human
country in all respects and advancing the great society to a new level. It underscores the CPC’s
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts commitment not only to pursuing happiness
through the Chinese path to modernization. for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for
IV the Chinese nation but also to human progress
The Conference gave a systematic and world harmony.
elaboration on and a comprehensive summary Since the dawn of the new era, building a
of the substantial practices in building a community with a shared future for mankind
community with a shared future for mankind has developed from a Chinese initiative to an
over the past decade, and established the international consensus, from a promising
pillars of building a community with a shared vision to substantive actions, and from a
future for mankind as a scientific system: The conceptual proposition to a scientific system.
goal is to build an open, inclusive, clean and It has served as a glorious banner leading
beautiful world of lasting peace, universal the progress of the times. So far, China has
security and shared prosperity; the pathway engaged with dozens of countries and
is promoting global governance that features regions in building communities with a
extensive consultation and joint contribution shared future in various forms, and promoted
for shared benefit; the guiding principle is to the vision in multiple fields such as health,
apply the common values of humanity; the the relationship between man and nature,
basic underpinning lies in building a new cyberspace, and maritime development. These
type of international relations; the strategic initiatives have pointed the direction for
guidance comes from the implementation of humanity to pursue common development,
the Global Development Initiative (GDI), the lasting tranquility and mutual learning
Global Security Initiative (GSI) and the Global between civilizations. Under the general

framework of building a community with a stronger momentum, shaping the trajectory
shared future, General Secretary Xi Jinping of the world history in a profound way. The
has proposed the GDI, GSI and GCI, giving overwhelming majority of the members of the
further response to the universal aspiration international community, be they big or small,
of all peoples for peace, development and all stand for a multipolar world and reject
cooperation, and offering China’s solutions to the old path of bloc confrontation and zero-
the common problems facing humanity today. sum competition, still less a repeat of war and
A country’s foreign policy is closely linked conflict. However, consensus is yet to emerge
to its domestic agenda as its external and on how to advance the multipolar process
internal imperatives correlate and interplay in a drastically changing world, and in what
with each other. At a fundamental level, way countries participate in and facilitate this
we should handle the relationship between process. Right at this historic juncture, China’s
the three well: a community with a shared proposition has charted the course forward for
future for mankind, global transformation, advancing a multipolar world.
and Chinese modernization. Building a great The multipolar world China champions is
modern socialist country in all respects and one based on equality. It means all countries,
achieving national rejuvenation through regardless of their size, are treated as equals;
Chinese modernization is the top political hegemonism and power politics are rejected;
priority on the new journey of the new era. To international affairs are not dominated by
accomplish this central task of the Party and only a handful of countries; and democracy
the country, we must hold high the banner of is truly promoted in international relations.
building a community with a shared future for Each and every country or country group
mankind to steer global transformation in the should have its place in the multipolar system,
right direction. We need to pursue China’s and the conventional myth that multipolarity
development in the broader development of is the monopoly of a few big powers should
the world, and advance the interests of both be debunked. The multipolar world China
the Chinese people and people the world champions is one based on order. It means
over. By doing so, we will facilitate the move that the progress toward greater multipolarity
toward a brighter future of peace, security, should be generally stable and constructive.
prosperity and progress in the world. It should be a historical process in which
V countries choose solidarity over division,
It was pointed out at the Conference that communication over confrontation, and
in view of the series of major issues and cooperation over conflict. If all countries can
challenges facing the world today, China calls observe the purposes and principles of the U.N.
for an equal and orderly multipolar world and Charter, uphold the universally recognized
a universally beneficial and inclusive economic basic norms governing international relations,
globalization. These two major propositions and practice true multilateralism, multipolarity
are highly relevant to the issues of the day and will not lead to turbulence or disorder.
provide strategic guidance. They will generate Economic globalization is an inherent
more favorable conditions for world peace and requirement of developing productive forces,
development, and lay a more solid foundation a natural result of scientific and technological
for building a community with a shared future advancement, a sure path to human progress
for mankind. and more importantly, an irreversible trend
Multipolarity is the general trend of of the times. Since the end of the Cold War,
the world today. Great transformation is economic globalization has enabled thriving
accelerating across the world. The international trade, easy investment, greater flow of people
balance of power is undergoing profound and technological advancement, underpinning
realignment. The Global South is gaining a the rapid development of the world economy.

However, recent years have seen notable Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the
prevalence of various forms of protectionist New Era and Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
measures and disturbing attempts to shift in particular, and shall serve the goals and
blames onto others to deflect attention missions of Chinese modernization and follow
from one’s domestic problems. Facts have the principles of self-confidence and self-
proven that the beggar-thy-neighbor reliance, openness and inclusiveness, fairness
approach to roll back globalization will not and justice, and win-win cooperation, with a
solve one’s own deep-seated problems; it will view to breaking new ground in major-country
only disrupt the global industrial and supply diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and
chains, hamper the healthy development of the making new contribution to the development
world economy, and undermine the interests and progress of humanity. These principles, by
of all countries. drawing on the diplomatic theory and practice
The economic globalization China advocates since the founding of the People’s Republic of
is one that is universally beneficial. It means China seven decades ago and especially
meeting the common needs of all countries, since the start of the new era, encapsulate
especially the developing countries, properly our Party’s summary of the guidelines
addressing the development imbalances for major-country diplomacy with Chinese
between and within countries resulting from the characteristics.
global allocation of resources, and delivering The principle of self-confidence and
balanced and adequate development. This will self-reliance underscores the imperative to
help foster a globalization process that enables strengthen our confidence in our path, theory,
faster development of all countries, especially system and culture, have firm conviction
the developing countries, and realize universal in the cause of socialism with Chinese
benefit and common prosperity. The economic characteristics, and stay committed to the ideal
globalization China advocates is one that is of building a community with a shared future
inclusive. It means supporting all countries in for mankind. We must develop our country
pursuing development paths suited to their and nation with our own strength, deal with
respective national realities while joining China’s issues in light of the Chinese context,
hands to promote the common development of and build China into a great modern socialist
the entire humanity. All forms of unilateralism country in all respects and advance the great
and protectionism should be opposed, and rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts
all attempts to impose discriminatory or through the Chinese path to modernization. We
exclusionary standards and rules should be must firmly uphold our independent foreign
rejected. Trade and investment liberalization policy of peace, stay true to the belief that peace
and facilitation should be promoted, global and development represent the unstoppable
industrial and supply chains should be kept trend of our times, and unswervingly pursue
stable and unimpeded, and there should be the new path of major-country diplomacy with
mutual respect for the legitimate interests Chinese characteristics. The principle of self-
and reasonable concerns. This is the way to confidence and self-reliance is an important
overcome the structural problems hindering element of the worldview and methodology of
the healthy development of the world Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese
economy and sustain the dynamism and Characteristics for the New Era. It represents
momentum of global economic growth. the inherent character of Chinese communists
VI and serves as the basis for further innovation
At the Central Conference on Work Relating in China’s diplomatic theory and practice.
to Foreign Affairs, it was made clear that in the The principle of openness and inclusiveness
current and upcoming periods, China’s external underscores the imperative to take into account
work shall be guided by Xi Jinping Thought on both domestic and international dynamics,

uphold the basic state policy of opening to The principle of win-win cooperation
the outside world, take proactive measures underscores the imperative to actively pursue
for opening up, contribute to building an converging interests, leverage respective
open global economy, and deliver more strengths, carry out mutually beneficial
benefits to the people of China and across the cooperation and enable each other’s
world. Countries’ independent choice of their success. Like passengers in the same boat,
development paths as well as the diversity of countries need to join hands in addressing
civilizations in the world must be respected. global challenges. It is important to reinforce
It is important to refrain from imposing one’s coordination on macro economic policies and
own values and model on others or engaging create a favorable global environment for
in ideological confrontation, and let inter- development. Countries should plan together,
civilization exchanges and mutual learning build together and benefit together, and steer
become a driving force for the progress of the reform of the global governance system
human society. Such is a path that must be taken in the right direction. Win-win cooperation
to promote greater democracy in international is a core principle in fostering a new type of
relations and a crucial premise for achieving international relations. Amid global changes,
common development of all countries. no country can stay unaffected, and a “winner-
Openness and inclusiveness are deep-rooted takes-all” approach is at best untenable. We
qualities of the Chinese civilization. We should must take the right path of promoting solidarity
consistently champion mutual respect, mutual and cooperation.
tolerance and equality among countries. VII
The principle of fairness and justice The Conference has drawn up the
underscores the imperative to always blueprint for China’s external work for the
determine our position and policy based present and coming periods. All of us engaged
on the merits of the issue in question when in foreign-related work must keenly study
handling international affairs, abide by the the important address by General Secretary
basic norms of international relations, and Xi Jinping, implement its guiding principles,
safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and remain guided by the principles in our
of all countries, especially developing thinking and actions.
countries. We should call on all countries We should enhance our political stance.
to pursue the new path of state-to-state Our work must always be guided by Xi
relations that favors dialogue and partnership Jinping Thought on Diplomacy. We should
over confrontation and alliance, resolve appreciate the decisive significance of the
differences and disputes through dialogue “Two Establishings”, namely, establishing
and cooperation, and oppose all hegemonic, Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the
high-handed and bullying acts, the Cold War Party Central Committee and in the Party as
mentality and attempts to stoke division and a whole, and establishing the guiding role of
confrontation. Upholding fairness and justice Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese
has been a fine tradition and unwavering Characteristics for the New Era. We should
commitment of Chinese diplomacy. From deliver on the “Two Upholds”, namely, to
putting forth the Five Principles of Peaceful uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on
Coexistence with neighboring countries in Asia the Party Central Committee and in the Party as
over 70 years ago to actively advancing the a whole, and uphold the Central Committee’s
building of a community with a shared future authority and its centralized, unified
for mankind in the new era, we have taken leadership. We must maintain a high degree of
concrete actions to contribute our strength unity with the Party Central Committee with
in safeguarding world peace and promoting Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and improve
common development. the capacity for political judgement, thinking

and implementation. We must have a deep thinking to ensure solid implementation
understanding of the spiritual essence, core of the priority tasks laid out in the strategic
tenets and latest enrichment of Xi Jinping planning for diplomacy.
Thought on Diplomacy, and make efforts to We should uphold fundamental principles
translate them into concrete actions. With a and break new ground. Promoting innovation
more proactive sense of historical responsibility and improvement in such areas as the thinking,
and a more vibrant spirit of innovation, we systems and capacity of China’s diplomacy
will usher in new prospects of major-country is an essential requirement of the new era
diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. and the new journey, one that will enable
We should focus on the defining theme us to navigate global changes and underpin
of our work. We must hold high the banner Chinese modernization. We must commit
of building a community with a shared future ourselves to openness, draw on the lessons in
for mankind, and continuously add new the evolution of other countries’ diplomacy,
substance to the theory and practice related to deepen understanding of the law of the
diplomacy. It is crucial to communicate the development of international relations, and
scientific system of building a community make our external work more science-based,
with a shared future for mankind, to further forward-looking, proactive and innovative. It
build consensus and to unite the vast majority is important to strengthen the intellectual and
of the international community. Guided by
theoretical competence of the foreign service,
the top-level design of China’s diplomatic
deepen reform of systems and institutions,
strategy on the new journey, we should put
carry forward the fine tradition of China’s
the GDI, GSI and GCI into action and add more
diplomacy, and advance the building of a
substance, promote the building of a new
stronger contingent of personnel involved in
type of international relations, pursue high-
foreign affairs, a diplomatic service that is loyal
quality Belt and Road cooperation, champion
to the Party, lives up to its responsibilities, is
an equal and orderly multipolar world and a
ready and able to defend China’s interests, and
universally beneficial and inclusive economic
acts in strict compliance with disciplines.
globalization, and contribute greater positive
We should make full use of our institutional
energy to the reform and development of the
global governance system. strength. The key to major-country diplomacy
We should work on planning and with Chinese characteristics lies in committing
implementation. We must shoulder our due to and strengthening Party leadership. We
responsibilities for China’s diplomatic work must unswervingly uphold the CPC central
on the new journey and better serve the leadership’s ultimate authority over foreign
central tasks of the Party and the country. We affairs, and conscientiously uphold the
will explore new approaches and measures centralized, unified leadership of the Party
in carrying out external work, bearing in Central Committee. We should act in line with
mind the priorities in China’s modernization the guidelines on the CPC’s leadership over
drive and the important agenda of the foreign affairs, and strengthen the systems
international community in the coming few and institutions that ensure such leadership.
years. Committed to the principles of self- All localities and departments should bear in
confidence and self-reliance, openness and mind the big picture, work in coordination
inclusiveness, fairness and justice, and win-win and collaboration, faithfully implement the
cooperation, we will improve the diplomatic decisions and plans on external work made
layout in keeping with the times, focus on by the Party Central Committee, and deliver
the major issues, follow a problem-oriented on the outcomes of the Conference by better
approach, and apply a systematic way of fulfilling our duties and responsibilities.

WEF 2024: Premier
Li Unveils 5-Point Proposal
for Rebuilding Trust,
Economic Recovery
In his address at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting
2024 on January 16, 2024, Chinese Premier Li Qiang shared a
five-point proposal on rebuilding trust, enhancing cooperation
and promoting world economic recovery.
aspiration for a better future for humanity and

from our common will to work together for
that vision. As President Xi Jinping pointed
out, the world has entered a new period of
turbulence and transformation. Yet the overall
direction of human development and progress
will not change, the overall dynamics of world
history moving forward amid twists and turns
will not change, and the overall trend toward a
shared future for the international community
will not change. It is essential that we discard
prejudice, bridge differences, treat each other
with sincerity and work as one in the same
direction to tackle the trust deficit.
Li Qiang shared a five-point proposal
on rebuilding trust, enhancing cooperation
O
n the morning of January 16 local time, and promoting world economic recovery.
Premier of the State Council Li Qiang First, strengthening macroeconomic
attended the World Economic Forum policy coordination and firmly upholding
Annual Meeting 2024 at the Davos Congress the multilateral trading system to build
Center and delivered a special address. greater synergy for global growth. Second,
Founder and Executive Chairman of the World strengthening global industrial specialization
Economic Forum Klaus Schwab chaired the and collaboration and firmly advancing trade
meeting. and investment liberalization and facilitation to
Li Qiang noted that the theme of this keep global industrial and supply chains stable
meeting, “Rebuilding Trust,” echoes well with and smooth. Third, strengthening international
people’s concerns. Trust comes from our shared exchanges and cooperation on science and

technology, working together for an open, trade and investment. No matter how the
just and nondiscriminatory environment for world changes, China will stay committed to
the development of science and technology, the fundamental national policy of opening
and breaking the barriers impeding the flow up and open its door still wider to the world.
of factors of innovation. Fourth, strengthening Choosing the Chinese market is not a risk, but
cooperation on green development, removing an opportunity. We embrace investments from
various barriers in this field, jointly working businesses of all countries with open arms, and
for a transition to green development, and will steadily expand institutional opening up,
upholding the principle of common but continue to shorten the negative list for foreign
differentiated responsibilities, so as to actively investment, provide national treatment for
tackle climate change. Fifth, strengthening foreign businesses, and keep fostering a
North-South and South-South cooperation, market-oriented, law-based and world-class
fully implementing the UN 2030 Agenda business environment.
for Sustainable Development, and bridging After the address, Li Qiang answered
development gaps, so as to build a universally questions from Klaus Schwab on topics
beneficial and inclusive world economy. including AI governance and the multilateral
system. He stressed that we must be people-
Li Qiang noted that the theme of this centered, inclusive and bring benefit for all,
meeting, “Rebuilding Trust,” echoes work for good AI with good governance,
well with people’s concerns. Trust and guide AI in a direction that is conducive
to the progress of human civilization; true
comes from our shared aspiration for a multilateralism should be built on basic
better future for humanity and from our norms governing international relations
common will to work together for that based on the purposes and principles of the
vision. UN Charter, China neither walks away from
agreements or pulls out of organizations, nor
Li Qiang stressed that China is a country do we ask other countries to pick sides, and
that attaches great importance to commitments, we have always been a staunch supporter of
honoring its words with concrete actions all multilateralism.
along. With greatest sincerity, utmost efforts and President of the Swiss Confederation Viola
concrete results, China has proven consistently Amherd, President of Singapore Tharman
to the world that it is a country worthy of trust. Shanmugaratnam, King of Belgium Philippe,
Over recent years, China has been an important President of Rwanda Paul Kagame, President
engine of global development. We are now of Ghana Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo,
advancing Chinese modernization on all fronts Prime Minister of Luxembourg Luc Frieden,
through high-quality development. China has President of the European Commission
established sound and solid fundamentals Ursula von der Leyen, IMF Managing
in terms of the industrial base, production Director Kristalina Georgieva, WIPO Director
factors and innovation capacity. The overall General Daren Tang and about 1,500 political
trend of long-term growth will not change. It figures and representatives from the business
will provide continuous and strong impetus community, academia and media organizations
to the development of the world. China has of various countries attended the event.
a supersize market with rapidly unlocked
demand. China is also cultivating large-scale Speech by Chinese premier Li
new growth drivers in areas such as a new Qiang at the opening ceremony of
type of urbanization and green transition. It the World Economic Forum Annual
will provide broader space for boosting global Meeting 2024

Premier Li Assures A More
Open China, World-Class
Business Environment
Premier Li Qiang of the State Council attended the opening

ceremony of the China Development Forum 2024 on March 24,
2024, in Beijing, and delivered a keynote speech, which focused on
strong resilience and great potential of China’s economy.
O
n March 24, 2024, Premier Li Qiang of China’s economy. Over the past year, under
the State Council attended the opening the strong leadership of the CPC Central
ceremony of the China Development Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,
Forum 2024 in Beijing, and delivered a keynote China, by withstanding external pressures and
speech. overcoming internal difficulties, successfully
Li Qiang said that the theme of this year’s accomplished its main targets and tasks for
Forum, “The Continuous Development of economic and social development in 2023.
China”, is not only an objective description The economy has continued to consolidate
of China’s economic development for a long and strengthen its upward trend, and new
time, but also fully reflects the attention and industries, new models and new driving forces
expectations of all sectors for the steady, are growing rapidly and becoming stronger.
sustained and high-quality development of China’s economy has strong resilience, great

potential and enough vitality, while the and technological innovation, promote the
fundamentals of its long-term sound growth upgrading of traditional industries, the growth
remain unchanged. of emerging industries and the cultivation of
Li Qiang pointed out that enterprises are future industries in a coordinated manner,
participants, contributors, witnesses and and accelerate the development of new quality
beneficiaries of the sustained development of productive forces. The Chinese side will
China’s economy. The Chinese side has always continue to promote green transformation,
regarded respect for the market and services and stay firmly committed to the path that
for enterprises as an important foothold in prioritizes eco-environmental conservation
planning economic work and an important and green development. The Chinese side
focus for implementing economic policies, will properly address both symptoms and
and has always been an advocate and a good root causes of challenges to prevent and
companion on the development and growth defuse various risks and hidden dangers, and
path of enterprises. In particular, since last year, promote the long-term, continuous and sound
the Chinese side has further improved and development of China’s economy.
optimized services and established a regular Li Qiang said that China’s economy
communication and exchange mechanism has been deeply integrated with the world
with enterprises, earnestly responded to and economy today. He said that the Chinese
addressed the concerns of enterprises, and
side will continue to foster a world-class
actively built institutional mechanisms that
business environment that is market-oriented,
better integrate effective markets with proactive
law-based and internationalized, further
governments. He expressed confidence that
deepen reforms in key areas and crucial
the mutual trust and two-way efforts between
links, focus on improving the efficiency of
the government and enterprises will definitely
government services, protect the legitimate
converge into a strong synergy of working
rights and interests of all types of enterprises
together for development and win-win
in accordance with the law, steadily advance
outcomes.
institutional opening up, and continuously
Li Qiang noted that the international
connect with the world at a higher level of
situation is now undergoing profound
changes, and the world economic development openness. A more open China will surely bring
is facing many severe challenges. China will more opportunities for win-win cooperation
take practical and effective actions to promote to the world. The Chinese side is willing to
high-quality development and inject more share with the world the great opportunities of
certainty and positive energy into the recovery China’s sustained development and work with
and stable development of the world economy. all parties to create a bright future of common
He said the Chinese side will intensify macro- development.
policy adjustments and strengthen policy Wu Zhenglong attended the opening
coordination and cooperation to ensure ceremony.
concerted efforts and form a synergy. The This year’s Forum is hosted by the
Chinese side will focus on expanding domestic Development Research Centre of the State
demand, further promote the building of a Council. Nearly 400 people, including President
unified national market, vigorously promote of the World Bank Group Ajay Banga, Managing
a new type of people-centered urbanization, Director of the International Monetary Fund
and advance large-scale equipment renewal Kristalina Georgieva, as well as domestic and
and trade-ins of durable consumer goods. The foreign experts and scholars, entrepreneurs,
Chinese side will speed up the establishment of a government officials and representatives
modern industrial system, adhere to advancing from international organizations, attended the
industrial innovation through scientific opening ceremony.

China’s Top Diplomat
Presents Diplomatic Goals
For 2024
Presenting China’s diplomatic work for 2024, Chinese Foreign
Minister Wang Yi stressed that China will firmly safeguard its
sovereignty, security and development interests, and strive for
achieving high-quality development.
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China
Central Committee, addresses the symposium on the international situation and China’s foreign relations in
2023 in Beijing on January 9, 2024.
C
hinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi on Central Committee, made the remarks when
January 9 presented China’s diplomatic addressing a symposium on the international
work for 2024, saying that China will situation and China’s foreign relations in 2023.
always be confident and self-reliant, and fulfill Wang said China will give full play to
its duties as a responsible major country. the strategic leading role of head-of-state
Wang, also a member of the Political diplomacy and make every effort to ensure
Bureau of the Communist Party of China the success of events including the Forum on

China-Africa Cooperation, the Boao Forum Calling on all countries to jointly uphold
for Asia, the China International Import Expo the purposes and principles of the UN Charter,
and the Forum on Global Action for Shared safeguard the universally recognized basic
Development. norms governing international relations, and
China will firmly safeguard its sovereignty, participate in the reform and construction
security and development interests, and of the global governance system, Wang said
strive for a favorable external environment China will fully implement the Global Security
for building a new development pattern and Initiative, uphold fairness and justice, actively
achieving high-quality development, Wang promote peace talks, take a constructive part
said, adding that it will firmly assume its in resolving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the
responsibilities on major issues concerning Ukraine crisis and other global and regional
the unity, cooperation and legitimate rights hotspots, and provide more public goods
of developing countries and major issues conducive to world peace and development.
concerning the future and destiny of mankind Wang said China will continue to pursue
and the direction of world development. win-win cooperation and actively promote
Wang said China will remain committed inclusive economic globalization that benefits
to openness and inclusiveness and strengthen all, pledging to firmly oppose all forms
and expand the network of global partnerships. of unilateralism, protectionism and anti-
Specifically, Wang said China will globalization, continue to promote trade and
implement the consensus reached by the two investment liberalization and facilitation,
heads of states of China and the United States strive to solve structural problems hindering
in San Francisco, and deepen strategic mutual the sound development of the world economy,
trust and mutually beneficial cooperation and maintain the stability and smoothness of
between China and Russia to consolidate global industrial chains and supply chains.
their comprehensive strategic partnership of China will promote the implementation of
coordination in the new era. the Global Development Initiative, increase
China will increase high-level exchanges its input on global development cooperation,
and strategic communication with the EU to help developing countries improve their
promote the steady and sustained growth capacity for independent development, make
of their relations. The country will continue globalization more open, inclusive, beneficial
to increase friendship, mutual trust and to all and balanced.
convergence of interests with its neighbors, It will also fully implement the outcomes
work hand in hand with other developing of the third Belt and Road Forum for
countries, unite with the BRICS countries, International Cooperation, upgrade the quality
and promote the building of a new type of of cooperation, expand cooperation areas, and
international relations, he said. continue to provide new opportunities for the
China will also actively implement the Global world with China’s new development, he said.
Civilization Initiative, promote the common
values of mankind, promote exchanges and
mutual learning among civilizations, and QR code of full text of
advance mutual understanding and friendship speech by Chinese Foreign
among people of all countries. Minister Wang Yi titled
Wang said China will always uphold Self-Confidence and Self-
fairness and justice, advocate the building of an Reliance, Openness and
equal and orderly multi-polar world, practice Inclusiveness, Fairness
genuine multilateralism, promote democracy and Justice, and Win-Win
in international relations, and uphold the Cooperation
equality of all countries.

China Stands Firm as
Stabilizing Force in Turbulent
World: Top Diplomat
In his keynote speech at the Munich Security Conference in
February, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi underlined that
no matter how the international situation changes, China as a
responsible major country will always maintain the continuity
and stability of its major policies and will be a force for
stability in a turbulent world.
C
hinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi Committee, said the world is full of turbulence
delivered a keynote speech entitled and mankind face multiple challenges.
“Firmly acting as a force for stability in Protectionism and pan-security have impacted
a turbulent world” during the “China in the the world economy, while unilateralism and
World” session at the ongoing Munich Security bloc politics have dealt a heavy blow to the
Conference here on February 17. international system, he noted.
Wang, also a member of the Political Bureau The Ukraine crisis has dragged on and
of the Communist Party of China Central intensified, and conflicts in the Middle East
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, also a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China
Central Committee, delivered a keynote speech entitled “Firmly acting as a force for stability in a turbulent
world” during the “China in the World” session at the Munich Security Conference in Munich, Germany on
February 17, 2024.

have flared up again, Wang said, adding Thirdly, China will be a force for stability in
that new challenges have emerged one after enhancing global governance, Wang said.
another, such as artificial intelligence, climate He said China supports the United Nations’
change and polar regions in space. authority and core status, as well as the
However, no matter how the international Security Council’s primary role in peace and
situation changes, China as a responsible major security issues.
country will always maintain the continuity
and stability of its major policies and stay China will be a force for stability in
committed to being a force for stability in a dealing with hotspot issues, Wang
turbulent world, he stressed.
Firstly, China will be a force for stability
said. China acts on the Global Security
in pushing for cooperation among major Initiative and is committed to following
countries, Wang said. a Chinese approach to resolve hotspot
China will work with the United States issues, Wang said.
to implement the common understandings
reached by their heads of state and push
China-U.S. relations forward on the right path China has been strengthening solidarity
of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and and cooperation in the Global South and
win-win cooperation, he said. striving to enhance the representation and
voice of developing countries in global affairs,
The Ukraine crisis has dragged on Wang added.
and intensified, and conflicts in the China has also been providing the world
Middle East have flared up again, Wang with more public goods and making its own
contribution to tackling global challenges,
said, adding that new challenges have Wang said.
emerged one after another, such as Fourthly, China will be a force for stability
artificial intelligence, climate change in promoting global growth, he said.
and polar regions in space. China’s economy has been vibrant and
resilient, Wang said, noting that its long-term
China will push for the stable development positive momentum has become more obvious.
of relations with Russia and promote strategic In the future, the Chinese economy will deliver
stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the even greater benefits to the world, he stressed.
world at large, meanwhile adhere to China- China has been prioritizing its
EU partnership and inject positive energy into modernization efforts, he said, emphasizing
endeavors addressing turbulence, he added. that China is willing to work with all parties to
Secondly, China will be a force for stability promote globalization in a manner that is more
in dealing with hotspot issues, Wang said. universally beneficial and inclusive, ultimately
China acts on the Global Security Initiative benefiting more countries and people.
and is committed to following a Chinese
approach to resolve hotspot issues, Wang said.
He stressed that China insists on non- QR code of full text of
interference in other countries’ internal affairs remarks by Chinese Foreign
and stands against imposing one’s own view Minister Wang Yi at the 60th
on others. It adheres to fair and objective Munich Security Conference
approaches instead of seeking selfish gains, Conversation with China titled
to political settlements instead of the use of A Staunch Force for Stability in
forces, and to addressing both the symptoms a Turbulent World
and root causes, he said.

onsensus, Solidarity
C
and Cooperation Working
Together to Promote the Healthy
Development of the Global
Human Rights Cause
In his remarks at the High-level Segment of the 55th Session of
the United Nations Human Rights Council on February 26, 2024,
Wang Yi, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central
Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs, underlined that as a
responsible major country, China plays an active part in global
human rights governance.
M
r. President,
Dear Colleagues,
Protecting and promoting human
rights is a common cause for all humanity.
At the moment, the world is becoming more
turbulent, crises and conflicts keep flaring up,
and deficit in global human rights governance
is widening. The ongoing Palestinian-Israeli
conflict has cost the lives of nearly 30,000
civilians, and left close to two million people
displaced. The situation is indeed saddening.
It falls upon the entire international community
to protect the human rights of all ethnic groups
and all people in a fair, equal and effective way.
We must put people first. Safeguarding oppose acts of hegemonism and power politics,
people’s interests must be the basis and goal and reject the practice of double standards.
of the human rights cause. People’s right to We must stay open and inclusive, respect
survival and development should be protected the diversity of world civilizations, and respect
as a priority and pursued with a greater sense all countries’ right to independently choose
of urgency. their paths to human rights development.
We must uphold fairness and justice, stand Countries should not impose their own values
against the attempts to use human rights as or development models on others, still less
a pretext to interfere with other countries’ creating small blocs and aligning against those
internal affairs or curb others’ development, with different views.

We must pursue cooperation that benefits democracy, providing more robust guarantee
all. Consensus should be built through for ensuring our people’s right to run the
dialogue, and mutual learning enhanced country. We have put in place the world’s
through exchanges. Human rights must be largest education, social security and health
protected and promoted by ensuring security, care systems, giving our people a greater sense
advancing development and enhancing of accomplishment, happiness and security.
cooperation. Emerging issues, such as the China is home to 56 ethnic groups. People
relationship between artificial intelligence and of different ethnicities and communities are
human rights, must be properly handled. equal in enjoying human rights. With a strong
sense of community for the Chinese nation, the
Human rights must be protected 56 ethnic groups are sticking together like the
and promoted by ensuring security, seeds of a pomegranate.
advancing development and enhancing As a responsible major country, China
plays an active part in global human rights
cooperation. Emerging issues, such governance. We have contributed efforts to the
as the relationship between artificial conclusion of a series of important international
intelligence and human rights, must be conventions and declarations on human rights.
properly handled. The vision of building a community with
a shared future for mankind represents a
I would like to stress here that human rights shared aspiration of people of all countries. It
bodies in the United Nations should carry out also injects strong impetus into human rights
their work in a fair and objective manner, follow protection worldwide.
a non-selective and non-politicized approach, Mr. President,
and place equal emphasis on all types of Human rights protection is an ongoing
human rights, including economic, social and process. There is always room for
cultural rights, and civil and political rights. improvement. China is now working to
Multilateral human rights bodies should serve deliver the fruits of modernization to
as platforms for constructive engagement its population in a more substantive and
and cooperation for all sides, rather than equitable way, and raising the level of human
a battleground for group politics or bloc rights protection. As our future is closely tied
confrontation. to that of people around the world, we will
Mr. President, actively champion the common values of
The Communist Party of China and humanity, and work with all sides to build a
the Chinese government have all along community with a shared future for mankind,
endeavored to deliver a better life for and make new contributions to the healthy
the Chinese people and advance the development of the global human rights cause.
rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We have
made substantive progress in advancing China is home to 56 ethnic
China’s human rights cause, and found a
path to human rights development that groups. People of different
is in line with the trend of the times and ethnicities and communities are
consistent with our national conditions. We equal in enjoying human rights. With a
have eradicated absolute poverty once and
strong sense of community for the
for all, bringing moderate prosperity in
all respects to the 1.4 billion-plus Chinese Chinese nation, the 56 ethnic groups
people. We have made sustained are sticking together like the seeds of
efforts to advance whole-process people’s a pomegranate.

To Media: Adhere to the
One-China Principle, Do Not
Provide Platform for “Taiwan
Independence” Forces
Indian media should take a correct stance on issues of core
interests concerning China’s sovereignty and territorial
integrity, adhere to the one-China principle, not to provide
platform for “Taiwan independence” forces, and avoid sending
wrong messages that are totally against basic common sense to
mislead the public, said spokesperson of the Chinese Embassy
in New Delhi.
T
he definition of the one-China principle All countries that have diplomatic
is crystal clear, i.e., there is only one relations with China should firmly honor
China in the world, Taiwan is part of their commitments to the one-China principle,
China, and the government of the People’s which is also Indian government’s official
Republic of China is the sole legal government standing. What’s more, India was among the
representing the whole of China. The one- first countries to recognize that there is one
China principle is an established international China.
consensus and widely accepted basic norm We urge the relevant Indian media
in international relations. It constitutes to take a correct stance on issues of core
part of the post-WWII world order and is interests concerning China’s sovereignty and
affirmed in UNGA Resolution 2758. It is the territorial integrity, adhere to the one-China
political foundation for the establishment and principle, not to provide platform for “Taiwan
development of diplomatic relations between independence” forces, and avoid sending
China and countries in the world. wrong messages that are totally against basic
It is clearly stated in the official legal common sense to mislead the public.
opinions of the Office of Legal Affairs of the
UN Secretariat that “the United Nations
considers ‘Taiwan’ as a province of China with
The one-China principle is an established
no separate status”, and the “ ‘authorities’ in international consensus and widely
‘Taipei’ are not considered to... enjoy any form accepted basic norm in international
of government status”. At the UN, the island relations. It constitutes part of the post-
is referred to as “Taiwan, Province of China”.
No matter how separatist forces distort facts
WWII world order and is affirmed in UNGA
and advocate “Taiwan independence”, they Resolution 2758.
cannot change those historical and legal facts.

Taiwan’s Status Undetermined?
A Fallacy
Luo Zhaohui (2nd R), head of the China International Development Cooperation Agency, who participates in
the reopening ceremony of the Chinese Embassy in Nauru as a representative of the Chinese government, and
Nauru’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Lionel Aingimea (2nd L), unveil a plaque of the Chinese Embassy
during the ceremony held in a hotel in Nauru, January 29, 2024.
S
evering “diplomatic” ties with China’s Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the U.N.
Taiwan region, Nauru recently became system,” she said.
the 183rd country to recognize the Her smattering of international affairs is
fact that the government of the People’s shocking.
Republic of China is the sole legal government In fact, Resolution 2758 definitively states
representing the whole of China, and Taiwan that it “decides to restore all its rights to the
is an inalienable part of China’s territory. People’s Republic of China and to recognize
In some corners, however, this indisputable the representatives of its Government as the
fact continues to run into denialism. Laura only legitimate representatives of China to
Rosenberger, chair of the “American Institute the United Nations, and to expel forthwith
in Taiwan,” told reporters she thought Nauru’s the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from
move was “unfortunate” and “disappointing.” the place which they unlawfully occupy at the
“U.N. Resolution 2758 did not make a United Nations and in all the organizations
determination on the status of Taiwan, did not related to it.”
preclude any countries from having diplomatic Would the U.N. have expelled the
relationships with Taiwan and did not preclude representatives of a sovereign state?

In addition to delivering an emphatic came together to reunify their country. It is a
conclusion, Resolution 2758 also represents force not to be stopped by anyone or anything,
a process during which any ambiguity about and certainly not by a flimsy lie.
Taiwan’s status was removed. The minutes Yi Xin is a Beijing-based commentator on
of debates leading to its adoption show that international affairs. The article reflects the
sponsors of the resolution urged UN General author’s opinions and not necessarily the
Assembly not to partition China’s territory views of CGTN.
just because the Chiang Kai-shek clique was
entrenched in Taiwan region, and regarded the Today, 183 countries recognize the
draft resolution as “a question of credentials,” truth about Taiwan’s status, including
i.e. who are the only lawful representatives
Rosenberger’s own country the United
of China to the United Nations, not about
“admission of new Members to the United States, which pledged to the one-China
Nations.” principle in its joint communiques with
When some tried to smuggle “dual China. Over the years, consecutive U.S.
representation” into the draft resolution,
administrations have stated the U.S.
they were met with strong opposition. Their
motions were considered “illegal and clearly opposition to Taiwan’s “independence.”
inconsistent with current reality, justice and
the principles of the U.N. Charter.” With their
votes for Resolution 2758, U.N. member states
made it clear there are no “two Chinas,” or
“one China, one Taiwan.”
Preceding Resolution 2758, the Cairo
Declaration, and the Potsdam Proclamation,
two milestone international legal instruments,
also explicitly recognized Taiwan’s status as an
inalienable part of China. In 1943, the leaders
of China, the United States, and Britain issued
the Cairo Declaration, which stated that all
territories Japan stole from the Chinese, such
as Taiwan region, shall be restored to China.
The Potsdam Declaration of 1945 affirmed that
the terms of the Cairo Declaration would be
carried out.
Today, 183 countries recognize the
truth about Taiwan’s status, including
Rosenberger’s own country the United States,
which pledged to the one-China principle
in its joint communiques with China. Over
the years, consecutive U.S. administrations
have stated the U.S. opposition to Taiwan’s
“independence.”
In the course of its millennia-long history, Nauru’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade Lionel
Aingimea at the reopening ceremony of the Chinese
China was more than once engulfed in internal Embassy in Nauru held in a hotel in Nauru on January
conflict. Yet in each case the Chinese people 29, 2024.

CHINA-INDIA RELATIONS
China, India Hold the 29th Meeting

of the Working Mechanism for
Consultation and Coordination
on Border Affairs
improve the mechanism for negotiation and
consultation, and hold a new round of corps
commander-level talks at an early date. The two
sides agreed to strictly abide by the agreements
and guiding principles of the relevant common
understandings reached between the two sides,
avoid flare-ups in the situation on the ground,
and continue to consolidate the previous
disengagement outcomes, in a bid to safeguard
peace and tranquility in the border area.
O China, India hold

n March 27, 2024, Director-General
of the Department of Boundary and
Ocean Affairs of the Foreign Ministry 21st round of Corps
Hong Liang and Joint Secretary of the East Commander Level Meeting
Asia Division of Ministry of External Affairs
T
of India Gourangalal Das co-chaired the he 21st round of China-India
29th Meeting of Working Mechanism for Corps Commander Level Meeting
Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) was held at the Moldo-Chushul
on China-India Border Affairs in Beijing. border meeting point on the Chinese side
Representatives from the foreign affairs, on February 19. The two sides engaged
defense, immigration and other departments in positive, in-depth and constructive
of the two countries attended the meeting. communication on resolving the issues
Both sides positively evaluated the of each other’s concern in the border
progress made in the management and control areas. Both sides agreed to maintain
of the situation in the China-India border area, communication through military and
and had a candid and in-depth exchange of diplomatic channels under the guidance
views on the ideas of work for the next stage. of the important consensus reached by
The two sides agreed to focus on the relevant the leaders of the two countries, and
issues on the ground along the border, reach reach the mutually acceptable solution
a solution acceptable to both sides as soon as at an early date, so as to turn over a new
possible, and promote the transition of the leaf for the border situation. During this
border situation into a normalized phase of period, both sides agreed to maintain
control and management. Both sides agreed peace and tranquility in the China-India
to continue to maintain communication border areas.
through diplomatic and military channels,

China Aims for A Quality
Boost as its Economy
Recovers
O
n January 10th, 2024, Chargé d’Affaires (GDP) reached more than RMB 91.3 trillion
a.i. of Chinese Embassy in India (about $12.7 trillion), growing 5.2% year-on-
Ma Jia published an article entitled year, which is among the highest for fast-
“China aims for a quality boost as its economy growing economies. China will contribute a
recovers” in The Mint. The full text is as third of global economic growth in 2023. The
follows: International Monetary Fund raised China’s
The year 2023 marked the beginning of growth estimate to 5.4% for 2023. JPMorgan
China’s push to promote its modernization. It Chase, UBS and Deutsche Bank have also
was also a year of economic recovery following increased their estimates for the Chinese
three years of covid prevention and control. economy to above 5.4%. During the recent New
Towards the end of the year, we saw many Year holiday, 135 million domestic trips were
discussions about China’s economy. The made, up 9.4% on a comparable basis from the
annual Central Economic Work Conference same period in 2019; and domestic tourism
held in Beijing on 11 and 12 December reviewed generated 5.6% higher revenue than it did in
China’s economic situation and decided 2024’s the same period of 2019. Market institutions
priorities. It concluded that the fundamental widely expect that China can achieve its annual
trend of China’s economic recovery and long- growth target of around 5%, which was set at
term positive outlook has not changed. the beginning of last year.
China’s economic growth momentum A shift from high-speed to high-quality
remains strong: In the first three quarters of growth has greatly improved the efficiency of
last year, China’s gross domestic product development in China: In 2023, China’s total

automobile exports will rank first in the world. Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP),
In the first three quarters, combined exports of while it works to align with the high-standard
new-energy vehicles, lithium-ion batteries and economic and trade rules of the Comprehensive
photovoltaic products equalled more than $110 and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific
billion, up more than 40% year-on-year. The Partnership and Digital Economy Partnership
total installed capacity of renewable energy Agreement to advance the process of acceding
has historically exceeded coal power. Key to these two agreements and expand a globally-
components of clean energy equipment such oriented network of high-standard free-trade
as photovoltaic modules and wind turbines areas. Since the establishment of the China
account for 70% of the global share. The green (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone 10 years ago,
industry’s development has leapfrogged. China has set up 22 pilot FTZs.
China’s self-developed large passenger aircraft, Also, in 2023, BRI cooperation ushered
C919, is set to go into commercial operation and in its second “Golden Decade”. The sixth
enter a new phase of development. Delivery of China International Import Expo and the
the first domestically-built large cruise ship first China International Supply Chain Expo
made China the fifth largest cruise ship builder were successfully held. China is taking more
in the world. All these indicate that China’s proactive and promising actions to build a
economy has been transitioning from high- broader agenda of opening up its economy
speed growth to high-quality development. across more areas and in greater depth.
China remains a promising land for global In 2024, China aims to apply its new
investment: China strives to foster a market- development philosophy on all fronts, speed
oriented, law-based and world-class business up the building of a new development
environment for global enterprises, and create paradigm, promote high-quality development,
as well as share development dividends with and continue to harness its strong innovation
the world. capacity, huge market, sound infrastructure,
Since 2017, China has revised the negative list complete industrial chains and high-quality
on foreign investment access for five consecutive human resources. China will expand high-
years, making it shorter and shorter. Last year, level opening up, further ease market
Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the access, and share with the rest of the world
removal of all restrictive measures on foreign new opportunities created by Chinese
investment in manufacturing at the third Belt modernization.
and Road International Cooperation Summit China will expand high-level opening
Forum in October. Actually-utilized foreign
direct investment (FDI) in China increased by up, further ease market access, and
5% to reach an annual record of $189.1 billion share with the rest of the world new
in 2022. In the first three quarters of 2023, there opportunities created by Chinese
have been year-on-year increases in investment
modernization.
from France (121.7%), the UK (116.9%),
Canada (109.2%), Switzerland (76.9%) and the China is a source of certainty and
Netherlands (32.6%), respectively. Data shows positive energy in a world battling economic
that foreign companies have not slowed down uncertainties. It complements the outstanding
their deployment in China, but continue to performance of India’s economy, creating an
add new investments and launch new projects, eye-catching scenario in the East. China and
casting a vote of confidence in the Chinese India can give countries around the world
economy. new opportunities and the world economy
China’s door to the outside world will only a stronger impetus by cooperating with each
open wider: China is applying high standards other while maintaining rapid economic
to its implementation of the Regional growth.

Usher in a Bright Future of
Peace, Security, Prosperity
and Progress for Our World
Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of Chinese Embassy in India Ma Jia
Published an Article in The Diplomatist
M
s. Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of
Chinese Embassy in India, published
an article entitled “Usher in a Bright
Future of Peace, Security, Prosperity and
Progress for Our World” in the January issue
of The Diplomatist. The full text is as follows:
With the crisis in Ukraine continuing
unabated as new conflicts flare up in the
Middle East, the world has entered a new
period of turbulence and transformation. On
27-28 December 2023, the Central Conference
on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs was held in
Beijing, outlining China’s future foreign work,
contributing China’s wisdom and solutions to future, just as the motto of “Vasudhaiva
problems that the world is facing. Kutumbakam” in ancient Indian literature.
The goal of building a community with
One Theme a shared future for mankind is to build an
Entering into the 21st century, the global open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of
village is getting smaller and the planet is lasting peace, universal security and shared
becoming flat. Human interests are intertwined prosperity. The pathway is to promote global
with each other, and our future is shared by all. governance that features extensive consultation
At a crossroads in history, we have to choose and joint contribution for shared benefit. The
between unity and division, between opening guiding principle is to apply the common
up and closing off, between cooperation and values of humanity, the basic underpinning
confrontation. lies in building a new type of international
The only right choice is to build a community relations. The strategic guidance comes from
with a shared future for mankind, a vision the implementation of the Global Development
that represents the greatest synergy among Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the
all nations and their popular calls for peace, Global Civilization Initiative, and the platform
development and stability. All civilizations for action is high-quality Belt and Road
around the world have manifestations of cooperation. Over a decade years, this theme
the concept of a global community of shared of building a community with a shared future

for mankind has developed from a Chinese of unilateralism and protectionism, firmly
initiative to an international consensus, from a promote trade and investment liberalization
promising vision to substantive actions. and facilitation, overcome the structural
problems hindering the healthy development
Two “calling for” of the world economy, and make economic
At present, a significant shift is taking globalisation more open, inclusive, balanced
place in the international balance of power, and beneficial to all.
meanwhile, the Global South continues
to grow and develop. Trends of muti- Three “unchanged”
polarization and economic globalization have “It was the best of times, it was the worst of
become irreversible. In recent years, facing the times.” If focusing only on the dark side, we
situation that certain countries keep instigating could see hegemonistic practices still prevail
divisions and confrontations, sticking to bloc with the powerful bent on pushing a zero-
politics and zero-sum games, and with the sum agenda to bully and exploit the weak and
rise of protectionism and transfer of domestic vulnerable, and deficits in peace, development,
difficulties or even conflicts abroad, the security and governance keep expanding.
international community has become more Yet we need also be clear on the bright
vigilant about repeating mistakes of history, side. That is, the historical trends of peace,
more worried about negative consequences, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit
and thus more against unilateralism and are unstoppable, as well as the will of the
power politics, unwilling to allow disruption people and the general trends of our day will
on global industrial and supply chains. eventually lead to a bright future for humanity.
Facing these major challenges, China is In China’s judgement, we firmly believe that
calling for an equal and orderly multi-polar the overall direction of human development
world, and calling for a universally beneficial and progress will not change, the overall
and inclusive economic globalisation. dynamics of world history moving forward
An equal and orderly multi-polar world is amid twists and turns will not change, and the
the one in which all countries, regardless of overall trend toward a shared future for the
size, are treated as equals, hegemonism and international community will not change.
power politics are rejected, and democracy is China and India are neighbours. Being
truly promoted in international relations. ancient civilisations, the largest developing
To keep the progress toward greater multi- countries and emerging market economies with
polarity generally stable and constructive, a population of over one billion, both of the two
the purposes and principles of the United are now at a crucial stage of development and
Nations Charter must be observed by all, the revitalisation. China and India share common
universally recognised basic norms governing visions for the future of mankind, and have
international relations must be upheld, and been playing increasingly important roles in
true multilateralism must be practiced. maintaining global stability and promoting
A universally beneficial and inclusive common development.
economic globalisation is the one that meets the This year marks the 70th anniversary of the
common needs of all countries, especially the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence jointly
developing countries, and properly addresses advocated by China and India. Standing at a
the development imbalances between and new historic point, the two countries could
within countries resulting from the global once again offer oriental wisdom hand in hand,
allocation of resources. shoulder responsibility as major countries,
To achieve this, we should resolutely oppose carry forward the spirit of independence, and
the attempt to roll back globalisation and jointly help the world usher in a bright future
abuse the concept of security, oppose all forms of peace, security, prosperity and progress.

Remarks by Ma Jia,
Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of
Chinese Embassy in India
at the Chinese New Year
Carnival
D
istinguished guests,
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good evening and Namaste!
The Chinese new year of the Dragon will
fall in three days. It gives me great pleasure
to celebrate this most important traditional
Chinese festival with our old and new friends
here. In Chinese culture, dragon symbolizes
auspiciousness, wisdom and strength. I would
like to take this opportunity to wish you all a
happy and prosperous year of the Dragon.
Over the past year, Chinese modernization
has made great progress. China’s development, providing strong impetus for
economic performance was impressive in the economic development of China and the
2023, with a GDP growth rate of 5.2%. China world, and delivering a better life for the
has contributed to more than 30 percent people. We will stay committed to the policy of
of global growth for over 10 consecutive opening-up, give full play to the advantage of
years. The living standard of Chinese people a huge domestic market, and create favorable
has reached a new level. The ecological conditions for the world to share China’s
environment continues to improve. The tourist opportunities.
destinations are full of visitors on holidays. Over the past year, China has
The Chengdu World University Games and the promoted world peace and development. In a
Hangzhou Asian Games were spectacular, and world of instability and transformation, China
I would congratulate India for its best-ever has shouldered the responsibilities, and
performance in the Asian Games. pushed forward the building of a community
This year marks the 75th anniversary with a shared future for mankind. We worked
of the founding of the People’s Republic of hard for the cessation of hostilities and for peace
China. We will stay committed to advancing talks in the Ukraine crisis, made unremitting
Chinese modernization through high-quality efforts for the de-escalation of the Palestinian-

Israeli conflict, played a constructive role in
addressing hotspot issues such as Afghanistan
and Myanmar, and contributed to addressing
global challenges.
This year marks the 70th anniversary of
the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence,
or “Panchsheel”. These Principles,
jointly advocated by China and India,
have already become a basic norm
governing international relations. In 2024,
we hope conflicts and wars will be brought
to an end, displaced people return to their
home at an early date, and international justice
and fairness will be truly upheld. We look
forward to an early realization of an open,
inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys
lasting peace, universal security and common
prosperity.
Over the past year, China-India relations Nobel Laureate and poet Rabindranath Tagore with Chinese painter
have shown a positive momentum of Xu Beihong in Santiniketan, a centre for art, in West Bengal.
improvement. The two sides maintained
high-level communications and interactions. Year is celebrated around the world. Tonight,
President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Modi we present you with cultural performances,
reached important consensus on stabilizing games and Chinese delicacies. You can also
bilateral ties. China supported India’s learn how to make dumplings, which is
presidency of both G20 and SCO. Bilateral essential for the Chinese New Year Eve Dinner.
trade volume reached 136.2 billion US dollars We hope everyone will taste the flavor of
last year, with a year-on-year growth of 1.5%. spring and a fresh start of the new year, feel
India’s exports to China also increased by 6% the warmth of family, and enjoy a happy and
last year. auspicious night together with us.
This year marks the 100th anniversary
of the great Indian poet Rabindranath Over the past year, China-India relations
Tagore Ji’s visit to China. 100 years ago, have shown a positive momentum of
Tagore Ji was warmly received in China, and improvement. The two sides maintained
said “My heart stays”upon leaving China.
Today we should further enhance heart- high-level communications and interactions.
to-heart communication and carry forward President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Modi
Tagore Ji’s legacy for China-India friendship. reached important consensus on stabilizing
As the spring comes, we hope the window
bilateral ties.
for communications gets bigger, the platform
of practical cooperation becomes larger, the To conclude, let’s make wishes together.
bridge for people-to-people exchanges will May China enjoy greater prosperity and the
be rebuilt, and the two peoples can invest in Chinese people live in happiness in the new
and travel to each other’s country freely and year. May China-India friendship last forever
conveniently. and bilateral relations improve steadily.
Ladies and gentlemen, Wish you and your family good health and
The Spring Festival was recognized as a UN happiness.
holiday last December, and the Chinese New Thank you! Dhanyabad!

Address by Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i.
of the Chinese Embassy in India At the
BRICS CCI WE Annual Women’s Summit
& Felicitations 2024
one well-known quote from an Indian movie,
‘woman strong, mother strong, sister strong,
then country strong’. That’s perfectly right.
Our world is witnessing enormous changes
with mounting conflicts and challenges. But
peace, development and win-win cooperation
are shared aspiration for all. Women account
for half of the world population. Women’s
status is a significant mark of social progress.
Ensuring women’s rights is protecting dignity
and human rights. Supporting women to
realize their dreams and play leading roles are
inherent goals of building a global community
of shared future. China is a force for peace,
stability and progress of the world. We
V
ice Chairman Ashok Singh, are committed to national development and
Vice Chairman Sameep Shastri, rejuvenation through Chinese modernization.
Director General BBL Madhukar, We actively implement the Global
Distinguished guests, Development Initiative, Global Security
Ladies and Gentlemen, Initiative and Global Civilization Initiative,
Namaste and good morning. and promote the building of a community
It’s my great pleasure to attend the with a shared future for mankind. We strive
BRICS CCI Annual Women’s Summit and to enhance global solidarity and cooperation,
Felicitations 2024 on International Women’s address challenges and crises, and promote
Day. Happy Women’s Day to all ladies. world peace and development. Chinese
Warm congratulations to every recipient of women play a prominent role in this great
felicitations. cause.
As creators of human civilization —China achieves visible outcomes in
and drivers of social progress, women women’s development. China pursues the
make extraordinary achievements. With the policy of gender equality and protects
theme of ‘The Changing Narrative: Women women’s rights and interests. China’s reform
Development to Women-Led Development’, and development create greater opportunities
this summit captures new trends of our for women. In China, women make up
time and applauds women’s achievements, over 40% of the employed population, and
reflecting the importance of women in represent over 50% of undergraduate and
national and social development. There’s postgraduate students in higher education.

Among the founders of major e-commerce more economic and social development
companies, more than 40% are women. From opportunities for women at national, regional
political affairs to business operations, from and global levels. BRICS women development
diplomatic stage to peacekeeping missions, report shows a remarkable rise in BRICS
from the world of art to space exploration, from nations’ women performance in economics,
Olympic gold medalist to Nobel Prize laureate, health, education and management in past 10
Chinese women’s confidence and excellence years. Under President Xi Jinping’s initiative,
reshape the world’s perception of China in China held BRICS Women’s Leadership
the new era. Meanwhile, women’s education, Forum and Best Women Startups Contest.
employment and medical conditions still face
We anticipate successful women events
urban-rural imbalance and regional disparities
during Russian BRICS presidency this year.
in China. We will continue to address these
India is a major BRICS country making efforts
challenges.
to reduce poverty and raise labor participation
China achieves visible outcomes in women’s rate for women. The BRICS CCI not only builds
an eco-system for BRICS women entrepreneurs
development. China pursues the policy
and professionals to pursue careers and
of gender equality and protects women’s cooperation, but also showcases the success
rights and interests. China’s reform and stories of Indian women in multiple domains.
development create greater opportunities —Increasing women’s well-being is
for women. a global mission. While the international
community promotes women’s development
China is committed to promoting and advocates women’s interests. The rights,
women’s development worldwide. In 1995, opportunities and resources allocation remain
China hosted the 4th World Conference on unequal between men and women. Gender
Women, which adopted Beijing Declaration equality and women’s development require
and Platform for Action and laid down united and persistent endeavor of the world.
the guidelines for gender equality. In 2015, The UN Women designates ‘Invest in
President Xi Jinping hosted the Global Leaders’ women, accelerate progress’ as the theme of
Meeting on Gender Equality and Women’s International Women’s Day 2024. Women
Empowerment at the UN Headquarters should play more prominent roles in national
in New York and delivered an important governance and economic, cultural and social
speech, setting a new milestone for global
affairs. They can lead the way in new technology
women’s development. China supports
and industrial revolution. An enabling
developing countries’ poverty reduction,
environment should be fostered for women to
job creation and welfare projects for women,
unleash creativity and embrace an amazing
and promotes women’s exchanges under the
life and career. Their rights must be protected
framework of G20 and other fora. We call for
convening another global summit on women in without bias or discrimination. This year’s
2025 and will lend stronger support for global UN Summit of the Future should give voice
women’s development. to women, and women’s development goal
—The BRICS countries are committed should be early harvest of the 2030 Agenda.
to supporting Women’s leading role. BRICS As a famous Chinese saying goes, women
countries recognize women’s contribution hold up half the sky. Let us work together to
to peace, reconstruction, economics, finance, deepen BRICS cooperation, promote women’s
innovation and international organizations. development, and build a better world.
BRICS success and expansion create Thank you.

R.N.I. No. 47440/88
January-March 2024

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January-March 2024 ` 50

NEWS FROM CHINA

Two Sessions: Mapping a Brighter

NEWS FROM CHINA | CHINA-INDIA REVIEW | JANUARY-MARCH 2024 | 3

Editor-in-Chief : Wang Xiaojian

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• Breaking New Ground in Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics 36

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Xi’s “Two Sessions” Messages

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Deepening Overall Reform At the deliberation on March 5, Xi

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Placing reform at the centre of his agenda, Chinese President Xi

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Breaking New Ground

mission of China’s external work on the new

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aspiration for a better future for humanity and

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Premier Li Qiang of the State Council attended the opening

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